Early miscarriage, pain in the side, clots. Psychological rehabilitation after miscarriage

In this article:

Pregnancy is a wonderful period in a woman’s life. But it is not always destined to end with the birth of a child. Sometimes the body itself decides to expel the emerging life from the female womb. In most cases, miscarriage occurs at the very beginning of pregnancy - in the first trimester. But why and how does a miscarriage happen? There are many reasons - from bad habits mother to chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus.

According to statistics, every fifth pregnancy ends in spontaneous abortion. To avoid this, a woman should know the symptoms and signs of miscarriage, as well as what to do if she finds herself in a similar situation.

How does pathology develop?

How does a miscarriage occur is a question that worries every woman who is faced with the threat of miscarriage. The body rejects the fetus as a result of the influence negative factors. It is excreted from the uterus either completely, which is typical in the first weeks of pregnancy, or partially. Often, women completely overlooked the symptoms of miscarriage, not noticing their condition.

Depending on the cause, for example, the presence of an acute infectious-inflammatory process in the body (flu, rubella, etc.), the immune system begins to show aggression towards developing pregnancy, which may result in a miscarriage. The formation of a connection between the mother and the unborn child is disrupted, it ceases to function, and the fetus is deprived of support and nutrition.

As a result, the fertilized egg is rejected from the lining of the uterus and comes out of it along with bleeding. Depending on the mechanism of development of a miscarriage, experts determine its causes.

Types of miscarriages

Let's look at the main ones:

• Incomplete miscarriage , also called inevitable. In this case, the woman notes pain in the sacrum and lower abdomen, which is accompanied by bleeding and dilation of the cervix. If we're talking about about an imminent miscarriage, then in this case the membranes have ruptured. For not complete miscarriage symptoms of pain and bleeding are constant.
• Complete miscarriage means that the fertilized egg or fetus is completely expelled from the uterine cavity. In such a situation, bleeding may stop on its own, like other symptoms.
• Failed miscarriage . The embryo or fetus dies, but remains in the uterine cavity. Usually this condition is called frozen pregnancy, and it is discovered accidentally during a routine ultrasound examination or examination by a gynecologist.
• Anembryony . Despite the fusion of the sex cells of a man and a woman, the fetus does not begin its development in the uterus. With this condition, signs of pregnancy may be observed and even the gestational sac and corpus luteum, but there is no child in it, curettage is necessary, as after a miscarriage.
• Repeated miscarriage is diagnosed in a woman if she has had at least three spontaneous abortions one after another. This disorder occurs rarely, in no more than 1% of families. Usually it is included in the group of consequences after a miscarriage.
• Chorioadenoma . This disorder is also preceded by fertilization, but during it a breakdown of chromosomal information occurs, and instead of an embryo, tissues develop in the uterus, which grow and increase in volume over time. The pathology may end spontaneously as a miscarriage, or it may require cleaning of the uterine cavity.

Causes

About 20% of pregnancies end in miscarriage. Most often, this happens at a time when the woman herself does not yet know about her situation. But this can also happen to those who were planning a pregnancy and managed to rejoice at its onset. Why is this happening?

The reasons for miscarriage in early pregnancy (mainly before the 12th week, since the first trimester is the decisive point in this matter) will be as follows:

• Chromosomal problems in the fetus . Experts believe that in approximately 73% of cases, pregnancy is terminated solely due to genetic disorders. At the same time, chromosomal mutations are not always inherited at the genetic level; their occurrence can be influenced by negative factors environment, such as radiation, viruses and much more. It is believed that in this case the pregnancy is terminated according to the type of natural selection, that is, initially such an embryo is not viable. Therefore, we are talking about a condition such as micro-miscarriage, which occurs much earlier than at 12 weeks of pregnancy. Many women do not even know that they were pregnant, perceiving unexpectedly heavy periods as a violation. menstrual cycle.
• Hormonal disorders . Oscillations hormonal levels in the early stages of pregnancy often lead to its termination. Usually the culprit is progesterone, a hormone aimed at supporting pregnancy. If the problem is detected in time, the fetus can be saved. Spontaneous abortion can also be provoked by an excess of male hormones - androgens, which inhibit the synthesis of progesterone and estrogen. This usually leads to multiple, repeating miscarriages.
• Immunological problems . Most often they occur in the blood of the mother and fetus. In this case, the child inherits the father’s Rh factor with a “+” sign, while the mother’s Rh factor is “-”. The immune system women perceives Rh positive embryo for foreign bodies, beginning an active fight against them.
• Infections . The causative agents of cytomegalovirus, herpes, chlamydia and other pathogenic bacteria and viruses infect the membranes and the fetus itself in the uterine cavity, causing miscarriage. To avoid this, you need to prepare for pregnancy and promptly treat any infectious and inflammatory processes in the body. Are common infectious diseases are also fraught with a threat to the development of the fetus, these include influenza, rubella, etc. All these diseases occur with intoxication damage to the woman’s body and a strong increase in body temperature, which can cause spontaneous abortion.
• Past abortions . It is not simple medical procedure, aimed at removing the fetus and membranes from the uterus. This is also a serious stress for a woman’s body, which can lead to complications. For example, dysfunctional ovarian dysfunction, changes in adrenal function, inflammatory phenomena in the reproductive system. In the future, all this leads to infertility and problems with carrying subsequent pregnancies.
• Taking medications and medicinal plants . Almost all pills and other medications are dangerous in the first trimester, as active formation fetus Most drugs provoke malformations of the fetus or disrupt the formation of the placenta, all of which can lead to spontaneous abortion. Tablets that can cause, for example, at 12 weeks - hormonal drugs, narcotic analgesics, etc. Not only medicine can cause miscarriage, but also some medicinal herbs, quite harmless at first glance mint, parsley, nettle, tansy and much more.
• Stress . Any mental shock is dangerous for pregnancy. If you cannot avoid stress, it is important to seek help from a specialist to prevent the possibility of miscarriage.
• Bad habits . Alcohol abuse, smoking, and drug addiction can cause early pregnancy termination. If a woman wants to give birth to a healthy and strong child, she must give up bad habits at the stage of planning conception and ask her partner about it.
• Excessive physical exercise . Violent sexual intercourse, falling, lifting heavy objects sometimes become a trigger for miscarriage. Pregnancy is a time when you need to take the utmost care of your own health.

Symptoms

What symptoms occur during a miscarriage? The first sign is abdominal pain, which is soon followed by bloody issues. Painful sensations are not always localized in the lower abdomen; many women note that it radiates most intensely to the sacral area.

Discharge from the genital tract can be different, varying in color scheme and intensity. But their detection, in any case, requires consultation with a doctor. Light spotting may indicate a threat of miscarriage and the possibility of saving the pregnancy. Profuse uterine bleeding, especially with tissue particles and clots, speaks for itself - the fetus has died, and cleaning is needed after a miscarriage.

These signs are typical for any stage of pregnancy, so it doesn’t matter at what week they appeared. It is more important to know what symptoms are characteristic of the loss of a child, and what measures need to be taken in this situation.

There are 4 stages of miscarriage, let's look at them briefly:

1. Threatened miscarriage . A woman complains of pain in the lower back and lower abdomen. There may be slight bleeding from the vagina. In this case, the pregnancy can still be saved.
2. Incipient miscarriage . The pain increases and becomes like contractions. The discharge intensifies. Weakness and dizziness appear. The chances of saving the fetus are minimal.
3. Miscarriage in progress . The pain intensifies and the bleeding is significant. Fetal death at this stage is obvious. The fetus may leave the uterus completely with bloody discharge, or it may require cleaning after a miscarriage.
4. Completed miscarriage . The fetus and its membranes are expelled, and the uterus contracts after a miscarriage. The bleeding stops. It is necessary to perform an ultrasound to determine the condition of the uterus and the presence of remnants of the fertilized egg.

When does a miscarriage occur?

Typically, pregnancy is terminated in the first trimester due to the fact that the fetus is not viable. More often this happens during the expected onset of menstruation, and then the woman may not even know that she was pregnant. If this happens later, the fertilized egg rarely comes out completely, it is necessary vacuum cleaning uterus after miscarriage.

It is much less common for a pregnancy to be terminated in the second trimester. This condition is called late miscarriage.

Diagnostics

Diagnosing a miscarriage is not difficult for a specialist. The doctor examines the patient on a gynecological chair, determining whether the size of the uterus corresponds to the duration of pregnancy, the presence of tone, the condition of the cervix and the nature of the discharge. For a final assessment of the woman’s condition, an ultrasound is prescribed. With its help, the specialist sees the localization of the fertilized egg, the presence of detachment or its complete absence.

Based on the diagnostic examination, subsequent treatment tactics are decided. If the pregnancy can be saved, the woman is sent to the hospital. If we are talking about fetal death, the patient needs cleaning after a miscarriage and treatment.

Is it possible to independently determine that there was a miscarriage?

Determine for yourself that a miscarriage is occurring , it is difficult if the pregnancy is short and the woman did not know anything about it; it’s another matter if spontaneous abortion occurred later, for example, at 12 weeks. In this case, the woman simply cannot miss the symptoms associated with the death and expulsion of the fetus. This situation requires mandatory consultation with a doctor, as cleaning will be required after a miscarriage.

Therapy

Treatment measures depend entirely on the results of ultrasound and clinical manifestations pathology. When a miscarriage threatens and has begun, the woman is prescribed treatment aimed at maintaining the pregnancy.

If the fertilized egg detaches and bleeding begins, then the pregnancy has already been terminated, and cleaning or curettage is necessary after a miscarriage.

For a miscarriage at a later stage, for example, at 28 weeks, means are needed to contract the uterus and artificially induce contractions (Oxytocin). After expulsion of the fetus, so that the uterus contracts better and bleeding decreases, an ice pack is placed on the woman’s stomach.

Treatment after a miscarriage does not end there. A woman must undergo an examination to determine the cause of spontaneous abortion: pelvic ultrasound, diagnosis of infections, hormones, cytogenetic examination of the ovum, etc. For a period of up to 6 months, the woman is prescribed oral contraceptives recovery reproductive system and warnings unwanted pregnancy, since sex soon after a miscarriage can lead to a repeat situation. The body needs to be given time to get stronger.

Complications after miscarriage

Complications after a miscarriage are often associated with the fact that the situation may recur. Therefore, it is important to undergo rehabilitation and find out why the failure occurred and when you can get pregnant again.

If treatment after a miscarriage is ineffective, a woman may experience the following complications:

• development of inflammation in the organs of the reproductive system with subsequent chronicization of the process into endometritis, salpingo-oophoritis, adhesions, etc.;
• hormonal disorders;
• problems with conception and secondary infertility.

Besides, frequent consequences after a miscarriage - extreme stress, depression, psychological experiences of a failed mother.

Prevention

It is impossible to prevent a miscarriage at 12 or any other week of pregnancy due to genetic factors - it is impossible to influence genetics. But every woman who wants to have children can adjust her lifestyle and take care of her health.

So, how to minimize the likelihood of miscarriage and complications after it:

• plan your pregnancy in advance, while adjusting your diet, giving up bad habits, undergoing examinations and treatment;
• after the onset of pregnancy, direct all efforts to preserve it, for example, timely diagnosis if there is a threat of miscarriage;
• avoid stress, physical and psycho-emotional fatigue, visit the gynecologist on time.

Since complications after a miscarriage can be serious, it is recommended to plan a new pregnancy six months after the miscarriage. At this time, doctors advise using hormonal contraceptives, which allow the body to recover faster.

According to statistics, sex after a miscarriage already on the twelfth day of the cycle can lead to a new pregnancy. Some women take advantage of this, wanting to quickly forget a failed pregnancy. Thus, they expose themselves to a new blow, because the weakened body can again reject the fetus. There is no need to rush, only time and effort will help set up the reproductive system to expect a child.

Useful video about early miscarriage

Pregnancy, unfortunately, does not always end with childbirth, happiness and diapers. Very often women face such a problem as miscarriage. In most cases, termination of pregnancy occurs in the first weeks of pregnancy, when the fetus is exposed to enormous danger.

1 week of pregnancy - what does this period mean?

You can start the pregnancy countdown in different ways. It depends on what the woman will use as the basis of reference. From the first day after menstruation, the first week of pregnancy is considered obstetric term. From this day, gynecologists count the pregnancy, which lasts for 40 weeks.

However, almost all women count either from the first day of delay or from conception. That is why the obstetric period does not coincide with the countdown that women keep. Therefore, the 3rd obstetric week is 1 week from conception. The fifth obstetric week is 1 week after the delay.

Feelings of a woman at 1 week of pregnancy

Every woman, being in an interesting position, feels different sensations. Some expectant mothers live completely ordinary lives. And some women begin to feel both intuitively and physiologically changes in the body.

In most cases, a woman experiences exactly the same symptoms as during menstruation. A nagging pain appears in the lower abdomen, but such sensations may be symptoms early miscarriage. Changes also occur in the chest. A woman begins to feel discomfort when wearing underwear, as her nipples swell and begin to hurt. Therefore, it is very important that a woman, having identified similar symptoms in herself, seek help from a doctor in order to prevent a miscarriage in the 1st week of pregnancy.

Often a woman becomes emotionally unstable. This is due to the fact that a hormonal release occurs in the body. The expectant mother may be irritable, nervous, or, on the contrary, whiny. Sometimes tears appear just like that, which replace laughter.

Miscarriage - the main danger of 1 week of pregnancy

Early miscarriage has very different symptoms, but in most cases it is manifested by abdominal pain and discharge different colors. The pain that manifests itself in the lower abdomen is very similar to the sensations during menstruation or intestinal disorders.

A miscarriage at 1 week also manifests symptoms in the form of discharge. A woman can pay attention to the fact that underwear a few drops of blood and brown, beige or whitish discharge appeared. However, this fact may be a sign that the egg has successfully attached to the endometrium of the uterus.

In any case, a woman who discovers such symptoms of early miscarriage should seek the help of a doctor. Only timely help from specialists can save the pregnancy and the child.

Causes of miscarriage

Miscarriage at 1 week of pregnancy can cause a large number of reasons. However, for doctors and the woman herself, in most cases, the main reason that caused the termination of pregnancy remains unknown. The most common cause of miscarriage at 1 week of pregnancy is genetic pathologies of the fetus. Chromosomal abnormalities make the fetus nonviable. It is not possible to save such a pregnancy.

Doctors consider hormonal imbalances to be another common cause of miscarriage at 1 week of pregnancy. A woman who is in an interesting position releases the hormone progesterone. It is he who helps maintain pregnancy in the early stages. However, some mothers experience a lack of progesterone, which causes fetal death.

Causes fetal rejection and the presence of infections in the woman’s body. An early miscarriage can cause ARVI, even if it occurs in mild form. But sexually transmitted infections are of particular concern. One of the most dangerous is herpes. Therefore, in order to avoid early miscarriage, a woman should be vaccinated against infections such as rubella before conceiving and treat all STIs that can harm the development of the fetus.

The cause of early miscarriage can be a woman’s self-medication. Many women believe that traditional medicine is completely safe for the baby, so they don’t even think about the fact that they can provoke an early miscarriage. Therefore, expectant mothers are strictly prohibited from self-medicating. When the first symptoms of the disease occur, a woman should seek advice from her gynecologist, who can choose safe medicines, which will not cause a miscarriage in 1 week.

How to avoid miscarriage?

Every woman must follow certain rules so that the question of how a miscarriage occurs does not even arise.

It is necessary to reduce physical activity. Of course, pregnancy is not a contraindication to sports. But it is very important that all loads are in moderation, which will avoid early miscarriage.

You should not take a bath filled with hot water. It is believed that hot water may cause fetal rejection due to increased body temperature in the expectant mother. To avoid the question of how a miscarriage occurs, women are advised to take a shower or bath with warm water.

Many women, having learned about their pregnancy, begin to prepare for the birth of a child. And the first thing that is supposed to be done is renovating the apartment. However, it should be remembered that the harmful fumes that are released when using paint and glue can cause early miscarriage. Therefore, expectant mothers are recommended to live with their relatives in another apartment during the renovation.

A very important question intimacy between spouses during pregnancy. Doctors believe that the question of how a miscarriage occurs and whether sex can provoke it should be asked by the expectant mother to her gynecologist, who knows the entire medical history. However, if there is no threat of termination of pregnancy, then positive emotions that can be obtained during intimacy, on the contrary, are necessary to the expectant mother.

These basic rules will help a woman avoid abortion. Only care and affection from close relatives and her husband will allow a woman to bear and give birth to a healthy and strong baby.

Pregnancy is a special period in the life of every woman, which entails global changes. External changes become noticeable only after a few months, but special feelings and sensations that a new life has arisen inside you are experienced already in the first months of this magical period. However, to our great regret, we cannot exclude cases that threaten the life of the unborn baby. That's why every future mom should be aware of the symptoms of miscarriage so that when early diagnosis And timely treatment prevent spontaneous interruption pregnancy. We’ll tell you in today’s publication what you should pay attention to during pregnancy in order to prevent trouble.

bloody issues

We all know that there should be no periods during pregnancy. That is why even a small spot of blood on your underwear should alert you if you are sure that you are pregnant. Moreover, even if the discharge vaguely resembles blood and is more like a brown “smudge,” consult a doctor immediately.

severe pain in the back and abdomen

The most common sign of a miscarriage is severe back pain, which can be even more intense than during menstruation. Painful cramps in the lower abdomen may also occur, which very often cause difficulty breathing. Here, too, you should not endure the pain, and even more so, do not “suppress” it with medication. The only correct solution is to urgently call ambulance.

"contractions" during miscarriage

Contractions that indicate impending labor are usually very painful and occur approximately every 5-20 minutes. Contractions, which are a sign of a miscarriage, differ from labor only in that they occur during early stages pregnancy. Therefore, if you notice that frequent and severe cramping pains are repeated every 20 minutes, or less often, then immediately call an ambulance. Remember that if you consult a doctor in a timely manner, doctors can stop and maintain a pregnancy.

weakness, dizziness and poor health

If you suddenly feel unwell: dizziness, general weakness, decreased vision, consult a doctor immediately. It is especially dangerous if all the above symptoms do not disappear for a long time. Be sure to undergo an examination to identify the cause of these unpleasant sensations and find out how you can get rid of them.

Speaking about the symptoms of miscarriage, it is important to note the reasons why pregnancy is terminated in the early stages. After all, knowing the main reason, you can avoid an unwanted process.

Main causes of miscarriage

Genetic pathologies in the embryo

Unfortunately, statistics show that approximately ¾ of miscarriages occur due to genetic pathologies of the embryo. Moreover, the mechanism of occurrence of these deviations has not been fully studied. Doctors are inclined to believe that healthy development The fetus is influenced by many factors: ecology, viruses, exposure to radiation, etc., which are very difficult to control. That is why in Lately Couples who are planning a pregnancy, first of all, go through.

Hormonal imbalance in the expectant mother

Lack of progesterone can significantly affect the overall course of pregnancy until symptoms of miscarriage appear. That is why it is very important to detect this disease in a timely manner and prevent unwanted consequences.

In addition to the above reasons for miscarriage, the occurrence, infectious diseases and the presence of chronic maternal diseases can significantly affect the development of pregnancy. Remember also that exhausting physical activity, extreme stress and injury can be the main cause of miscarriage. Therefore, be attentive to your own body - this will allow you to endure healthy baby without any health problems.

Especially for Ira Romaniy

It's good when pregnancy is desired. However, two clear lines on the test do not at all guarantee that everything will be fine with the baby until birth. Sometimes female body for some reason, it independently gets rid of the fetus some time after its appearance. We are talking about a miscarriage in the early stages of pregnancy. Why does this happen and is there a way to prevent trouble?

Let's turn to impartial statistics: a quarter of all early pregnancies are doomed to spontaneous termination. To be able to influence the course of events, it is important to know the causes of miscarriage and its signs.

How does miscarriage occur in the early stages?

Unfortunately, if there are serious prerequisites for spontaneous termination of pregnancy in the early stages, reverse pathological process almost impossible. The fetus at this time is so small that the woman will not even understand what is happening to her. At first glance, this looks like the resumption of the menstrual cycle after a long delay (1 - 2 weeks). Menstruation, heavier than usual, is accompanied by nagging pain in the lower abdomen. In addition, not all women go to the hospital after the incident. Only a few people go to see a doctor - mostly those who are frightened by the sight of a blood clot that has come out, resembling a ruptured bladder. Ideally in medical examination all women need it - if there really was a miscarriage, then additional cleaning may be needed after it.

When a woman is aware of her “interesting” situation, it is much easier for her to predict the beginning spontaneous miscarriage at an early stage. First of all, you should carefully monitor the sensations in the lower abdomen and back. Painful dull and pulling spasms, spotting with bloody or tissue lumps signal danger. If you apply for medical care immediately, there is a chance to continue the pregnancy.

An early miscarriage is said to occur when the pregnancy spontaneously ends before the 12th week of the fetus's existence. Late miscarriage occurs up to 22 weeks, and subject to timely and coordinated actions of doctors, premature baby there is every chance of survival.

Early miscarriage: prejudices

There are many myths in society about the causes of spontaneous abortion. They will tell you how to avoid early miscarriage at any women's forum, but not all advice can be trusted. It is reliably known that until the 12th week of pregnancy the following factors do not pose a threat to intrauterine development fetus:

• air travel by plane;
• minor blunt trauma to the abdominal area;
• moderate exercise;
• a single case of spontaneous abortion up to 12 weeks in history;
• active sex life;
• stress.

Real causes of early miscarriage

Doctors name many socio-biological and medical factors. It is often very difficult to determine what exactly caused the misfortune: sometimes a miscarriage is based on one factor, and sometimes on a whole complex. A certain percentage of women are familiar with this pathology firsthand: the unfortunate ones have experienced several miscarriages in a row. In medical circles, this phenomenon was designated as recurrent miscarriage. We list the most serious and common factors that cause the threat of miscarriage in the early stages:

• Most often, the body itself gets rid of non-viable offspring if the appearance and development of the fetus is associated with a certain anomaly or genetic pathology. This may be a hereditary “breakdown” at the gene level or a spontaneous mutation caused by radiation, a dangerous virus or a difficult environmental situation. Medicine, alas, is unable to change or prevent this process. That is why thorough preparation for the upcoming pregnancy is impossible without consulting future parents with a geneticist;
• significant danger to normal development pregnancy presents disturbances in the functioning of the immune and hormonal systems. A woman needs to undergo the necessary checks at the stage of planning a child, then doctors will be able to eliminate all the “pitfalls” in advance. Quite often, progesterone deficiency, excess androgens, and pathologies in activity become obstacles to achieving the dream of motherhood. thyroid gland and adrenal glands;
• another one current problem for the successful development of the fetus in the womb of a woman - Rh conflict. The maternal body reacts to the embryo as a foreign object and gets rid of it, since the Rh factor of its blood has a “-” sign, and was taken from the father with a “+” sign. If concerns about this are real, the situation is corrected with the help of immunomodulatory therapy at the stage of pregnancy planning;

• undoubted enemy healthy pregnancy– infection (regardless of origin). In particular, these are all diseases that are transmitted “through the bed”: herpes, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, syphilis, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, etc. Pathogens, affecting the membranes, infect the embryo, which early stage pregnancy leads to miscarriage;
• a disappointing ending to early pregnancy awaits a woman with chronic inflammatory and infectious diseases internal organs. The most insidious of them: viral hepatitis, rubella, pneumonia, influenza, severe sore throat;
• It is extremely difficult for a woman’s body to cope with pregnancy due to the stress caused by an abortion. Artificial interruption Pregnancies in the past are at risk of secondary infertility and recurrent miscarriage in the future. A woman must definitely inform her doctor about such facts of her biography during pregnancy planning;

• cannot be ignored and such individual characteristics female body, such as congenital anomalies development and oncological diseases of the internal genital organs, ICN. These and other pathologies exclude pregnancy as such.

The first symptoms of early miscarriage

The nature of the development of a miscarriage excludes simultaneity - spontaneous termination of pregnancy can be divided into several stages. So, let's find out how to detect early miscarriage.

The first “bells” are painful sensations, covering the back in the lumbar region and lower abdomen. Often at the same time, brownish or reddish clots are released from the genital tract. Blood during early miscarriage is very danger sign, which indicates that tissue detachment has begun. Even a few drops of blood on your underwear are a serious reason to immediately contact a medical facility. A reliable prevention of spontaneous abortion is regular attendance at antenatal clinics for scheduled inspection and surrender of all necessary tests. This is the only way the expectant mother will be sure that everything is fine with her baby.

What an early miscarriage looks like: the main stages

The first stage of pathology, the signs of which we learned above, is very common among expectant mothers. In order to save the baby, expectant mothers are forced to remain in confinement almost the entire time until prenatal contractions. The initial stage of the pathology is marked by uterine hypertonicity, bleeding and discomfort reminiscent of contractions.

The second stage of the disorder leads to more severe consequences. At this moment, all the signs already indicate a full-fledged miscarriage in the early stages: fragmentary detachment of the fertilized egg from the inner wall of the uterus begins. However, at this time, trouble can still be prevented, doctors say. This is possible thanks to the immediate and coordinated intervention of professionals, provided that the pregnant woman gets to the hospital in a timely manner.

The next stage of early spontaneous abortion is miscarriage on the fly. Now nothing can help the embryo. A pregnant woman is suddenly seized by sharp spasms, bleeding begins almost immediately - the most convincing sign of an early miscarriage. This indicates the final death of the fertilized egg, which comes out completely or partially (incomplete miscarriage). The photo shows a fertilized egg during an early miscarriage:

The pathology ends in complete spontaneous abortion. After an early miscarriage, the uterus contracts and quickly returns to its “pre-pregnancy” size. In this case, a complication is considered to be an incomplete abortion or a frozen pregnancy (diagnosed by ultrasound), when there is a high risk of pus formation or the onset of sepsis.

How to recognize an early miscarriage

At first glance, determining a miscarriage is quite simple, so some women believe that when feeling good After the incident, you can neglect a visit to the hospital. However, this is a dangerous misconception: all the signs of spontaneous abortion in the early stages are also characteristic of other, more serious illnesses, which without proper diagnosis can be mistaken for a miscarriage:

• ectopic pregnancy;
• malignant formation in the cervix;
• bloodless torsion of an ovarian cyst;
• cervical injury.

These conditions can only be eliminated within the walls of a medical institution.

What to do if you have an early miscarriage

Unfortunately, doctors are not able to radically change the course of events at the very beginning of pregnancy - you can’t go against nature.

It is common practice to prescribe the drug Tranexam to stop bleeding. If a woman has had several failed pregnancies in the past, Utrozhestan will be prescribed. When, thanks to the efforts of doctors, pregnancy can be brought to the second trimester, with threatened miscarriage it is worth applying stitches or a pessary, if this occurs short neck uterus with isthmic-cervical insufficiency. In principle, this is where the methods of combating pathology end.

Now let's list what will not help in the process of developing a miscarriage:

• bed rest - conscious reduction motor activity a mother cannot stop a miscarriage if there are real prerequisites for its occurrence;
• taking medications: No-shpa, Papaverine, Magne B6, Analgin.

A few weeks after a complete miscarriage, a woman needs to see a doctor and have her blood tested for hCG level. If all indicators are normal, there is nothing to worry about. However, if the hormone level has not decreased at all or has decreased, but has not dropped to the required minimum, there is a possibility hydatidiform mole. This dangerous complication which requires immediate medical intervention.

An abortion in progress can be completed in several ways. If during the examination there is still blood coming from the vagina and the fertilized egg or embryo is still in the uterus, the doctor may determine the following course of action:

• a wait-and-see approach lasting up to 7 days (perhaps the body will reject what is unnecessary without outside intervention);
• medicinal approach (the woman is prescribed the drug Misoprostol, under the influence of which the uterine muscles strongly contract and remove the remnants of the fertilized egg out);
• surgical cleansing (if vaginal bleeding becomes massive).

How to prevent early miscarriage

To eliminate all possible factors that provoke early miscarriage, you need to have offspring under the professional guidance of a doctor. For this full examination a woman goes through this not during pregnancy, but even at the stage of planning a child. This is the only way to ensure the absence of various “breakdowns” at the cellular level and internal pathologies. Moreover, future parents review and adjust their usual lifestyle in accordance with the upcoming changes: at this stage it is important to put an end to bad habits, establish a daily routine and diet.

Early miscarriage: how to understand where to move next

After such a crushing failure, the woman is recommended to undergo a rehabilitation course of treatment. If the cause of the incident could not be determined earlier, doctors will carry out the necessary diagnostics to determine it now. This is important, otherwise the woman risks facing the same problem the next time she prepares for motherhood.

An ultrasound procedure is a mandatory step after an early miscarriage. If there are fragments of an egg or embryo in the uterus, a woman will need cleaning to avoid the development of inflammation or infection. After all the necessary procedures, the doctor will prescribe the patient a course of antibacterial therapy, which will exclude various infectious diseases, as well as a course of hormones that will put things in order. endocrine system women.

Among other things, a failed mother is in dire need of professional psychological support. The loss of a baby, even such a tiny one, leaves an indelible imprint on a woman’s mind. It is important to experience this moment with the support of a psychologist or family.

It is wrong to isolate yourself from outside world and remain alone with your misfortune, so negative emotions they will simply “eat up” all hope for the best. Psychologists recommend that women who have suffered a miscarriage should not be ashamed of their feelings and do not hold back aggression and tears - the faster they can get rid of them, the faster the recovery will come. And under no circumstances should you be afraid of the future: modern medicine and competent doctors will do everything possible to new pregnancy ended with the victorious cry of the long-awaited baby!

In this article:

Pregnancy, if desired, is wonderful. But not all pregnancies end as planned. Sometimes the expectant mother’s body independently decides to reject new life, and usually this happens in the first weeks after conception, that is, an early miscarriage occurs.

According to statistics, this is observed in 20% of women, while many of them did not even know that they were pregnant. From a medical point of view, this is a spontaneous termination of pregnancy before the 22nd week. After this period, we are no longer talking about a miscarriage, but about, since starting from the 22nd week the child has a high chance of being born viable.

Probability of miscarriage by week

There are critical periods of pregnancy when its further gestation is jeopardized. And the most vulnerable in this regard is the first trimester.

2-3 week

At this time, implantation of the embryo occurs, and factors such as fibroids, scar or trauma to the mucous membrane (after an abortion), abnormalities in the structure of the uterus, as well as the severe psycho-emotional state of the woman may interfere with this.

A miscarriage in early pregnancy occurs if the fertilized egg fails to attach. It looks like a heavy period. In this case, the woman will not even know that there was a pregnancy, mistaking the bleeding for another menstruation.

4-6 week

At this stage, the fetus is most vulnerable; it is now that all developmental defects (heart defects, cleft lip) are formed, which may be incompatible with life.

8-12 weeks

At this stage active development affects, and it is possible that anomalies in its structure or localization may occur. Also at this time, a miscarriage may occur due to hormonal disorders in a woman’s body, in particular, progesterone deficiency.

Causes

Let's look at the main causes of early miscarriage.

Genetic disorders in the fetus

According to statistics, 73% of early miscarriages occur for this reason. In most cases, we are not talking about a hereditary problem, but about single gene mutations that arose accidentally as a result of the influence of negative factors such as infections and alcohol.

That is, the pregnancy was initially pathological, and the body itself abandoned it - so-called natural selection occurred. A miscarriage at such an early stage does not require cleaning and occurs on the days when menstruation should begin, or with a slight delay.

A woman may note that the discharge this month was more abundant and painful. Less often, pregnancy is terminated later, and then genetic abnormalities of the fetus are diagnosed using histological examination after curettage of the uterus.

Hormonal disorders

An imbalance of hormones in the body increases the likelihood of miscarriage in the early stages. As a rule, pregnancy is terminated due to a lack of progesterone. If the problem is detected early, the pregnancy can be maintained with conservative therapy.

Immunological causes

This is most often observed with. If the mother's blood has negative Rh factor, and the fetus inherits an Rh-positive protein from the father, the mother’s body at the immune level will reject embryonic tissue.

To prevent immunological causes of miscarriage in case of Rh conflict, specific therapy is used, including progesterone preparations, which can protect the fetus.

Sexual infections

These diseases are also an explanation for why miscarriage occurs in the early stages. Chlamydia, toxoplasmosis, gonorrhea and other STDs often cause abortion in the first trimester. Pathogenic flora causes damage to the membranes and infects the fetus itself, resulting in a miscarriage.

To exclude this, it is important to identify and treat any infectious pathologies of the genital area at the stage of pregnancy planning.

Common infections

Any disease that occurs with signs of intoxication of the body, for example, with an increase in body temperature above 38°C, can be the cause of miscarriage in the early stages of pregnancy. The leading positions in the list of these infections are given to influenza, rubella, chickenpox and viral hepatitis. Even ordinary sore throat often causes fetal death before the 10th week of gestation, worse situation looks with pneumonia, appendicitis and pyelonephritis.

Therefore, when planning a pregnancy, you need to remember about a preliminary medical examination, which will help detect foci of infection in the body.

Abortion

A large number of women at various stages of their lives have resorted to performing this procedure for one reason or another. To many failed mothers, abortion seems like a simple manipulation, during which the doctor simply removes the contents of the uterus along with the unwanted fetus. But in reality, everything is much more complicated.

Abortion is always a deep stress for a woman’s body, which can subsequently cause dysfunctional disorders of the reproductive system, problems with the adrenal glands and ovaries, inflammatory phenomena in the pelvic organs, ending adhesive process and subsequent infertility.

Because of those negative consequences, which causes abortion, a woman may experience recurrent miscarriage, which explains why miscarriages occur in the early stages.

Medicines and herbal preparations

In the first 12 weeks of pregnancy it is better not to take any medicines and herbs. Most of them, especially when used uncontrolled, can terminate a pregnancy or provoke the development of defects in the unborn child.

The most dangerous are antibiotics, hormonal drugs, some analgesics and an overwhelming number of plants; even harmless chamomile and parsley are not indicated for internal use in the first trimester.

Many medicinal plants used in folk recipes, which tell women who do not want to continue their pregnancy how to have an early miscarriage.

Stress, nervous shock

Deep nervous shock, prolonged stress, sudden mental shock are dangerous during pregnancy. To prevent the situation from ending in a miscarriage, the expectant mother needs to pull herself together and discuss with her doctor the possibility of using sedatives.

Unhealthy Lifestyle

Habits such as smoking, drinking alcoholic drinks and drugs, uncontrolled addiction to coffee, dieting and fasting, as well as simply poor nutrition - can lead to the development of symptoms of miscarriage in the early stages of pregnancy.

Start correcting your familiar image life is recommended at the stage of pregnancy planning.

Carrying heavy objects, falling, intense sex life

These factors, although very rarely, can cause spontaneous abortion. To prevent this from happening, it is important to take care of yourself from the first days you become aware of pregnancy.

Symptoms

Most often, a woman is told about a threatened or incipient miscarriage by pain localized in the abdomen and vaginal bleeding. Painful sensations may radiate to the lower back. Bloody discharge from the genital tract occurs different shades and intensity, but their appearance in any form should be a mandatory reason for urgent consultation with a doctor.

Minor discharge often means that the pregnancy can still be maintained. Heavy bleeding, especially with clots and pieces of tissue, indicate that the pregnancy has already been terminated. Usually these symptoms of early miscarriage are accompanied by increased tone uterus, which causes discomfort and pain in the woman.

Sometimes above symptoms occur in the first trimester, but the pregnancy is not interrupted, and the woman continues to carry it further under the careful supervision of a gynecologist and a note in the outpatient card “threat of miscarriage.”

Regardless of the stage of pregnancy, both in the fifth and twentieth weeks the signs of miscarriage are similar. Therefore, you need to know how they manifest themselves in order to take timely measures.

Stages

Spontaneous abortion occurs in several stages.

The first stage is a threatening miscarriage

Signs of early miscarriage are characterized by aching pain in the lower back and lower abdomen. Sometimes there is slight bleeding from the genital tract.

These symptoms require immediate treatment, since in the first stage pregnancy can almost always be saved.

The second stage is the beginning of a miscarriage

Painful sensations become more intense, take on a cramping character, localizing in the sacrum and abdomen. Increased bleeding, especially when physical activity women. There is a feeling of weakness and dizziness.

Stage three - miscarriage in progress

Pain in the abdomen and lower back becomes harsh character. The blood loss is significant. The fetus at this stage is already dead, the pregnancy cannot be maintained. The fertilized egg may partially leave the uterus along with bleeding (in this case they speak of an incomplete miscarriage) or come out completely.

Stage four - completed miscarriage

In the fourth stage, the fetus is completely expelled from the uterine cavity. The organ contracts and its size returns to normal. Bleeding stops after an early miscarriage. It is necessary to use an ultrasound to find out whether there are any remains of the fetus and membranes left in the uterus.

What happens after a miscarriage

If there is a suspicion of spontaneous abortion, the woman should contact a medical facility. Only a specialist can say with certainty whether a miscarriage occurred or not. Usually, for this purpose, an ultrasound and a blood test for hCG, the pregnancy hormone, are performed.

If there is no fertilized egg in the uterus, but hCG results unsatisfactory, it means there is no pregnancy. A woman should consult a gynecologist. The doctor will help you find out the cause of the miscarriage and give recommendations on further actions.

Complications

Most women who have a miscarriage feel well. But in 10% of cases there may be complications, such as abdominal pain and bleeding of varying intensity.

You should immediately consult a doctor if after miscarriage in early pregnancy, the following symptoms occurred:

• massive bleeding;
• sharp pain in the abdomen;
• convulsions, high temperature;
• rapid heartbeat;
• nausea, vomiting.

Curettage of the uterine cavity

Cleaning, or curettage, of the uterus is carried out to eliminate remnants of the membranes and fetus. This is a surgical procedure performed under general or local anesthesia. During cleaning, the woman is on the gynecological chair. Her external genitalia are treated with a 5% iodine solution. The doctor inserts vaginal speculum, exposing and fixing the cervix, after which, using a curette that looks like a spoon, he performs the curettage itself.

After cleaning is completed, the extracted biological material is sent to the laboratory for further research. Histology of a miscarriage must be carried out to find out the cause of the problem and prevent it in the future.

Is cleaning always necessary?

Many women are confident that they know how miscarriage occurs in the early stages, and are in no hurry to seek medical help or refuse cleaning, considering it an unnecessary manipulation. But that's not true. The fetus and membranes are extremely rarely expelled in full. And if they are not removed from the uterus in time, they will decompose and cause inflammation in the female body.

That is why after a miscarriage, regardless of the conditions in which it occurred, you should go to a medical facility, where the doctor will determine exactly whether cleaning is needed or not. If curettage is necessary, you should not refuse it, as complications can be more serious.

Treatment after miscarriage

To avoid consequences, it is important to follow the doctor’s requirements:

• monitor discharge from the genital tract, if it changes, contact your doctor;
• control body temperature - its increase can mean inflammation in the body;
• Keep your genitals clean by washing them at least twice a day with antiseptic solutions.

To normalize hormonal levels, the doctor may prescribe a COC (Logest, Lindinet 20). Birth control pills after an early miscarriage are also a prevention of early repeat pregnancy, which is undesirable in the first 6 months after curettage. Antibiotics (Cifran) are also prescribed to prevent infection of the genital area after the intervention.

How to restore health after a miscarriage

Many women see their only option for conceiving a child as soon as possible as a way to survive an early miscarriage. This is a normal mental reaction.

But before planning a new pregnancy, doctors advise paying attention to your own health using the following recommendations:

• You should not become pregnant for 6 months to give the body time to rehabilitate the reproductive system and prevent another failure. This will require reliable contraception in the form of COCs or condoms.
• It is important to prepare the body for another pregnancy. Measures to prevent miscarriage should be discussed with your doctor.

Currently, there are not only antenatal clinics, but also family reproduction centers, where doctors specialize in conception and pregnancy. Do not neglect the help of these centers.

Specialists will be able to compose individual plan work, based on the health and reproductive capabilities of partners, which will help ensure successful conception and pregnancy in the future.

Psychological rehabilitation

After a miscarriage occurs in the early stages of pregnancy, the female body physically recovers in 4-6 weeks, but psychological rehabilitation can take years. If the pregnancy was desired and planned, then coping with the burden of loss is difficult.

In this case, it is recommended not to isolate yourself, not to look for those to blame, and especially not to blame yourself for failure. In 73% of cases, spontaneous abortion occurs due to mutations, chromosomal problems, which means that the fetus was not healthy. You need to be prepared for the fact that after some time a new pregnancy will occur, for which you need to prepare better than the last time.

After bleeding passes after an early miscarriage, you should not sit idly by, but consult a doctor, undergo an examination, get tested for possible infections, and do an ultrasound. All these actions should distract a woman who wants to become pregnant again from developing depression. While waiting for the doctor’s verdict, you can consult a psychologist to smooth out the acute moments of fears and worries.

Even if pregnancy does not occur on the first try, there is no need to panic. Most likely, the “stripe” test will not take long to arrive, and you can start this journey again - from conception to the logical conclusion of pregnancy, that is, the birth of a child. Everything will work out!

Useful video about early miscarriage