A 7 month old child is vomiting without fever. What to do if a child is vomiting without diarrhea and fever: probable causes and methods of treating unpleasant symptoms

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Dear readers, I think everyone will agree that vomiting in children is quite common. And, without a doubt, it always indicates certain disturbances in the functioning of the body. In today's conversation with doctor Tatyana Antonyuk, we will find out what provokes this phenomenon, how to stop vomiting in children and how dangerous it can be. I give the floor to Tatyana.

Good afternoon, readers of Irina’s blog! Vomiting is not an independent disease; it is a signal about the process of intoxication of the body, the presence of illness or various malfunctions internal organs. There can be many reasons why it occurs. Vomiting is often accompanied by other symptoms, can be repeated and carries the risk of dehydration, but may also not be dangerous for the baby.

In most cases, it is a protective reaction of the body to a number of negative factors. When impulses arrive from the stomach, liver, and intestines, a reflex expulsion of food occurs. The period before the onset of vomiting is characteristic: the child feels nausea, his salivation increases, and his breathing quickens.

Most parents perceive vomiting as a sign of food poisoning, but it can have other causes. Vomiting in a child without fever and diarrhea occurs with the following pathologies.

Pylorospasm

These are spasmodic attacks in the stomach that occur against the background of underdevelopment nervous system. Commonly seen in newborns and children infancy. In addition to profuse vomiting, the baby has restless behavior, bad dream and insufficient weight gain. Vomiting during pylorospasm should not be confused with normal regurgitation, which occurs in all infants and is not a pathology.

Central nervous system disorders

Their main cause is disruptions caused by intrauterine developmental pathologies, fetal hypoxia, and prematurity. An attack of vomiting in this case is not associated with food intake and is accompanied by dizziness, severe weakness, and convulsions.

Intestinal obstruction

In this case, vomiting occurs against the background of severe pain and cramps in the stomach. Blood may appear in the stool. Intestinal obstruction occurs due to infection by worms, in the presence of polyps or tumors.

Hit foreign body into the esophagus

If the baby is not able to talk about his feelings, symptoms such as increased salivation, pain in the neck, and shortness of breath in the child will help to suspect the presence of a foreign body.

Inflammatory processes in the digestive organs

Babies may complain of nausea, heartburn, pain and bloating. You can see mucus and bile in the vomit.

Traumatic brain injuries

They often occur in infants and children of primary preschool age, since children in this category are especially active and cannot yet control their actions. If after a fall your child vomits, is agitated, or, conversely, lethargic, you should definitely consult a doctor!

Autotenic syndrome

It occurs as a result of the accumulation of large amounts of acetone in the blood. In this condition, vomiting is sudden and uncontrollable, increasing the risk of severe dehydration.

Also, vomiting in a child without fever can be one of the symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, epilepsy, migraine and other neurological disorders.

When does vomiting and diarrhea occur in a child?

Diarrhea is a symptom that often accompanies vomiting in food poisoning and some other pathological conditions. These include:

• metabolic disorders, when vomiting and diarrhea indicate lactose or gluten intolerance or may be a sign of food allergy;
• attack of appendicitis. Vomiting occurs simultaneously with severe painful sensations on the right side and around the navel;
• food poisoning or intestinal infections. Severe vomiting with further dehydration occurs with dysentery, rotavirus, and salmonellosis. The presence of poisoning or intestinal infection is indicated by diarrhea with a foul odor, mucus and foam;
• dysbiosis. Violations of the beneficial properties develop after long-term use of antibiotics, with reduced immunity. The child is bothered by frequent diarrhea, stomach cramps, and skin rashes.

Poisoning usually occurs when eating poisonous berries or mushrooms, low-quality or expired products, or alcohol-containing substances. Vomiting and diarrhea occur when there is an overdose of medications, or when a child comes into contact with household chemicals or dangerous dyes (on toys, clothes). Nitrates and pesticides, which are generously applied to vegetables and fruits, can provoke vomiting and diarrhea. Accumulating in the body, they cause poisoning.

What is psychogenic vomiting

Children are very sensitive and emotional, so vomiting can occur as a result of fear or extreme anxiety. Some children younger age prone to so-called demonstrative vomiting, when the child feels disadvantaged and lonely and thus subconsciously tries to attract the attention of adults.

In teenage girls, vomiting may be a symptom of anorexia or bulimia. With the listed violations, the child needs the help of a psychologist.

How to stop a child from vomiting at home

The first symptoms of poisoning are observed within a time period of 4-48 hours after ingestion. The child must be shown to a doctor if vomiting lasts more than a day, is aggravated by an increase in body temperature, or appears in other family members.

Vomiting that occurs always indicates a serious pathology if blood and mucus are visible in it, and the child is diagnosed with clouding of consciousness, impaired coordination of movements, and incoherent speech.

Often parents do not know what to do if their child is vomiting and begin to panic. This, of course, should not be done; you need to make sure that the child is in a position where vomit cannot enter the respiratory tract.

Babies should be turned on their side and held semi-vertically; infants should be kept in an upright position. If vomiting occurs without fever in a child, you should not rush to immediately give medications. Without a preliminary examination and identification of the cause, they can only cause harm. Also, there is no need to do gastric lavage before consulting a doctor.

If your child is poisoned and is vomiting, the most important thing to do is make sure he drinks plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. After each episode of vomiting, you need to give the child some water to rinse the mouth.

If the baby has all the signs of poisoning, but there is no vomiting, parents can induce it themselves. To do this, the child is given water or milk to drink, and then pressed with a finger or spoon on the root of the tongue. If vomiting was caused by poisoning detergents, it is impossible to induce artificial vomiting so that acids and alkalis do not cause burns to the mucous membranes.

In this video, Dr. Komarovsky tells what to do if the temperature rises with diarrhea and vomiting.

The use of medications is possible only after consultation with a pediatrician. The doctor prescribes the most optimal remedy and determines the dosage depending on the age and weight of the child.

Cerucal

"Tserukal" is one of the most effective means from vomiting and nausea in children. It is produced in the form of injection solutions or tablets, which are intended for children over 6 years of age. The child's weight must be at least 20 kg. The usual dosage of Cerucal tablets for children with vomiting is 0.5-1 tablet three times a day.

The drug is taken 30 minutes before meals, washed down with plenty of liquid. Children under 6 years of age or those who weigh less than 20 kg are prescribed the medicine in the form of injections. Contraindications include kidney pathologies.

Motilium

The drug is available in tablets or a sweet suspension, which is prescribed to children under 5 years of age. The active substance of the drug is domperidone. It blocks the vomiting center of the central nervous system, stimulates the passage of food into the stomach, and prevents the development stagnation in the intestines.

The drug is approved for use by newborns with excessive regurgitation and cyclic vomiting. However, during treatment, the small patient must be under the supervision of a doctor.

According to the Motilium instructions, for children with vomiting, the dosage is 0.25-0.5 ml per kilogram of the child’s weight. The drug is taken 3-4 times a day half an hour before meals. Contraindications – intestinal obstruction and stomach bleeding. The drug is prescribed with caution to children with neurological problems.

Smecta

The drug belongs to the group of sorbents. Therapeutic effect“Smecty” for vomiting in children is as follows: the active substance creates a protective film, preventing the absorption and spread of toxins and bacteria. The product is not absorbed into the blood, so it is absolutely safe even for newborns.

The drug is produced in the form of sachets, the contents of which must be diluted in tea, water or a mixture for infants. Duration of treatment – ​​from 3 to 7 days.

Regidron

High fever and vomiting in a child cause severe dehydration. This can be dangerous not only for the health, but also for the life of the baby. "Regidron" for children with vomiting is prescribed to normalize the water and acid-base balance.

The release form of the drug is powder in sachets, which is diluted in water. When using the drug, it is important to follow the recommended dosages, starting with small doses. Contraindications for use: diabetes mellitus, renal failure.

Enterofuril

The antimicrobial drug has proven itself in the fight against food poisoning. "Enterofuril" for vomiting in a child without diarrhea gives an effective result, is not absorbed in the intestines, and activates the immune system. The release form for children is a suspension with a pleasant aroma. Children over 3 years old can be prescribed the drug in tablet form.

"Enterofuril" is taken regardless of meals. It is not recommended for simultaneous use with sorbents. Side effects occur very rarely.

We invite you to watch a video in which Polina Dudchenko, family doctor, neonatologist, consultant breastfeeding, shares recommendations for when a child is vomiting.

The concern of parents who want to know what to feed their child after vomiting is understandable. During this period, you need to follow certain nutritional principles:

• do not force feed the child;
• observe abundant drinking regime to reduce the risk of dehydration;
• introduce into the menu products that have a gentle effect on the digestive system;
• the first dishes after vomiting should be liquid dietary porridge made from rice, buckwheat or oatmeal;
• When choosing products, take into account the reasons that caused vomiting.

Breastfeeding does not stop during vomiting, but previously introduced complementary foods must be stopped until complete recovery.

What to feed a child after vomiting in the first days?

In addition to cereals, these can be:

• in the form of puree;
• boiled carrots and broccoli;
• homemade crackers or biscuits;
• bananas;
• boiled eggs;
• vegetarian vegetable soups;
• fruit jelly with starch.

Fish and meat dishes are canceled in the first 3-4 days of illness. If you are feeling well, they can be included in the menu in the form of steam cutlets or meatballs. Meals should be small, every three to four hours. During the week, all meals should be low-fat and dietary.

Vomiting is the involuntary expulsion of gastric contents through the mouth. This is the body's desire to cleanse the stomach of excess food, poor quality food or infection, as well as a reaction to excessive stimulation.

If a healthy child vomits, the main danger is dehydration. Drink plenty of fluids- the main concern of parents.

WHEN TO SEEK MEDICAL CARE

Vomiting associated with head injury or symptoms such as severe headache, stiff neck, severe abdominal pain, may be a sign of a very serious illness. Call an ambulance immediately.

Infants who refuse to drink and do not latch on require special attention as they may quickly become dehydrated. Repeated vomiting in a newborn requires immediate consultation with a doctor, as this may be a sign of birth defects.

In teenagers frequent vomiting may be a sign of a serious digestive or nervous system disorder. In the latter case, the help of a psychologist may be required.

As a rule, vomiting goes away on its own and does not require any treatment, however, it will still be difficult for you to observe this process. A feeling of helplessness, combined with a feeling of fear that some serious violation may be the cause, as well as an overwhelming desire to do at least something to alleviate the child’s suffering, will cause anxiety and internal tension. To be as calm as possible about it, learn all the possible causes of vomiting and what you can do if your child starts vomiting.

Causes of vomiting in children, child vomits

First of all, understand the difference between vomiting and simple regurgitation. Vomiting is a violent eruption of stomach contents through the oral cavity. Regurgitation (most often found in infants under one year of age) is a mild eruption of part of the stomach contents through the mouth, which is often accompanied by belching.

Vomiting occurs when there is sudden contact between the abdominal muscles and the diaphragm while the stomach is in a relaxed state.

This reflex action is caused by the “vomiting center” of the brain after its stimulation:

• nerve endings of the stomach and intestines, when gastrointestinal tract irritated or swollen due to infection or blockage;
• chemicals in the blood (such as medications);
• psychological stimuli, which are irritating sights or smells;
• pathogens of the middle ear (as with vomiting due to motion sickness in transport).

The main causes of belching or vomiting depend on age. For example, in the first few months, most babies will burp a small amount of formula or breast milk within an hour of each feeding. This regurgitation, as it is commonly called, is the haphazard movement of food from the stomach through the tube (esophagus) that leads to the stomach, out through the mouth. Burping will occur less frequently if the child is forced to burp several times, and also if outdoor play is limited for a while after eating. As the baby grows, regurgitation will occur less frequently, but mild form it can persist up to 10-12 months of age. Regurgitation is not a serious disorder and does not affect normal weight gain.

In the first month of a child's life, a single case of vomiting may occur. If vomiting happens quite often or comes out like a fountain, tell your pediatrician about it. The cause may be nutritional problems, but it can also be a sign of more serious disorders in the functioning of the body.

Between two weeks and four months, persistent, severe vomiting may be caused by thickening of the muscle at the exit of the stomach. Known as hypertrophic pyloric narrowing, this thickening prevents food from passing into the intestines. In this case, urgent medical attention is required. As a rule, in such circumstances one cannot do without surgical intervention, with the help of which doctors can expand the narrowed part. A clear sign This condition is caused by severe vomiting, which occurs approximately 15-30 minutes after each feeding. If you notice this condition in your child, call your pediatrician immediately.

In some cases, regurgitation in the period from the first few weeks to the first few months of life not only does not go away, but gets worse - although not very strong, regurgitation occurs constantly. This happens when the muscles in the lower part of the esophagus relax and allow the contents of the stomach to pass out without holding in food.

This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux, which can usually be controlled in the following ways.

Thicken the milk with a small amount of baby instant porridge.

Don't overfeed your baby.

Make your baby burp more often.

After each feeding, leave your baby in a quiet, upright position for at least 30 minutes. If this doesn't help, your pediatrician may refer you to a gastroenterologist.

In some cases, infections in other organs of the body also cause vomiting. This includes infections respiratory system, genitourinary tract, ear inflammation, pneumonia, and meningitis. Some cases require immediate medical treatment, so regardless of your child's age, pay close attention to the following warning signs and call your pediatrician right away if you notice them:

• blood or bile (a greenish substance) in the vomit;
• severe abdominal pain;
• severe, repeated vomiting;
• bloated stomach;
• apathy or excessive agitation of the child;
• convulsions;
• signs or symptoms of dehydration, including dry lips, lack of tears when crying, sunken fontanel, infrequent and less urinary volume;
• inability to drink the required amount of fluid;
• vomiting that does not stop for 24 hours.

Treatment of vomiting in children

In most cases, vomiting goes away on its own and does not require special treatment. medical treatment. Do not use medications that can be purchased at any pharmacy or medications that you have at home. The child can be given only those medications that the pediatrician has prescribed specifically for your child in order to cure this particular disease.

If your child is vomiting, try to keep him on his stomach or side at all times. This will help prevent vomit from entering the upper respiratory tract and lungs.

If your child does not stop vomiting and is vomiting excessively, watch for dehydration (dehydration is a term that means the body has lost so much fluid that it can no longer function properly). If it comes to serious complications, vomiting can become life-threatening. You can prevent this by making sure your child takes in enough fluids to restore the balance lost during vomiting. If this fluid comes back up in vomit, tell your pediatrician.

For the first 24 hours of any illness that involves vomiting, do not give your child solid food. Instead of food, try to get him to drink liquids such as water, sugar water (1/2 teaspoon, or 2.5 ml, sugar per 120 ml of water), sucking on popsicles, gelatin water (1 teaspoon, or 5 ml, gelatin with flavoring additives per 120 ml of water), and best of all, an electrolyte solution (ask your pediatrician which one is best to choose). Not only do fluids help prevent dehydration, but they also do not cause vomiting to continue as much as hard species food.

Here are some rules for giving your child fluids after vomiting.

Wait 2-3 hours after your baby's last vomit and give him 30-60 ml of cool water every half hour to hour for a total of four feedings.

If the child refuses, give him 60 ml of electrolyte solution, alternating with 60 ml of clean water every half hour.

If vomiting does not occur after two feedings, add formula or milk diluted in half (depending on the age of the child) and continue to gradually increase the amount to 90-120 ml every 3-4 hours.

If vomiting does not occur within 12 to 24 hours, gradually introduce foods that your child usually eats, but still give him plenty of fluids to drink.

If your child also has diarrhea, ask your pediatrician about how to give him fluids and how long to avoid solid foods.

If your child is unable to retain fluid or has worsening symptoms, tell your pediatrician. The doctor will examine the child and may ask for blood and urine tests or take x-rays to make a final diagnosis. In some cases, hospitalization may be required.

Every child has experienced these discomfort. In most cases, however, parents have no cause for serious concern. The most common cause of vomiting and diarrhea is a viral infection of the stomach (gastritis) or intestines (enteritis). Sometimes the inflammatory process affects both the stomach and intestines (gastroenteritis).

Symptoms of the disease, as a rule, persist in the child for 3-4 days (sometimes weeks). Antibiotics in in this case will not help, since the disease is associated with a viral infection. Often, medications taken orally only further irritate an inflamed stomach.

What treatment methods should be used in this case? Yours the main task- prevent dehydration of the body. The child is not in danger if he drinks enough fluids. Therefore, your child should drink as often as possible, but in small portions. What drinks are preferable under these circumstances? Almost any - let the child choose.

If vomiting increases after drinking liquids, give your child a slice of cheese to suck on. School-age children usually have a good sense of their bodies and know what food and drink they need under given circumstances. If your child develops worrying symptoms (fever, abdominal pain, vomiting lasting more than 6 hours), be sure to contact your pediatrician.

In such cases, the child usually has no appetite. Let the child eat whatever he wants. We recommend foods such as bananas, toast, oatmeal, boiled rice, crackers. In most cases, within 24 hours after the vomiting stops, the child returns to his usual diet.

Sometimes infectious diseases gastrointestinal tract are accompanied by acute pain in the abdominal cavity. Acute pain can be a symptom of a more serious disease (for example, appendicitis), so in such cases you should immediately consult a doctor.

After vomiting, wash and change your child. Scent the room with water infused with lavender, rose, lemon or eucalyptus oils. This will freshen the air and remove the unpleasant smell of vomit.

A drink to maintain salt balance. This drink restores the balance of mineral salts and prevents dehydration. Do not use honey if your child is under one year old.

• 1/2 cup water (warm or room temperature)
• 1/4 teaspoon baking soda pinch of salt
• 2 tablespoons honey or sugar

Mix all ingredients. Give your child a tablespoon of the drink every 10 minutes or 1/4 - 1/2 glass every half hour.

How to make a salt pad

One of the most effective remedies for persistent vomiting is a hot pad of salt. It is used to warm the stomach and reduce cramps.

Apply it directly to the stomach (not the entire stomach).

Heat 1 cup natural sea salt in a frying pan for 3 to 5 minutes until very hot. Pour the salt into a bag (such as an old pillowcase) and fold the bag several times to create a flat pillow. Its size should correspond to the area of ​​the child's stomach.

Wrap the pad in a thin towel so as not to burn the skin and apply it to the stomach. If your child says it's too hot, wrap the pad again. It should be hot, but not scalding.

Keep the pad on until there is improvement. If necessary, after a 30-minute break, you can heat the salt again and repeat the procedure.

How much is too much? When they talk about pyloric stenosis

If vomiting becomes progressively worse and occurs more and more frequently, you and your pediatrician may suspect a condition called pyloric stenosis (pyloric stenosis). The pyloric sphincter is a muscle at the end of the stomach that acts as a pylorus. It allows food to pass into the intestines. Unlike its too-weak partner at the top of the stomach, this sphincter muscle can sometimes become too thick and strong on its own and do its job too “well,” having difficulty moving stomach contents further down into the intestines. The term "stenosis" refers to any narrowing. In the case of pyloric stenosis, the opening in the lower part of the stomach becomes increasingly narrow - narrower than it should be. The more difficult it becomes for stomach contents to pass down through this narrow area, the more often those contents rise up and exit through the mouth instead.

Pyloric stenosis occurs in approximately 3 in every 1,000 children and is much more common in first-born boys and those with a history of the condition in their families. Pyloric stenosis forces children to burp in the first few weeks, usually on the 21st to 28th day. Unlike normal babies who spit up or sometimes show violent vomiting, babies with pyloric stenosis vomit with increasing force and frequency, most often here we can actually talk about vomiting like a fountain by 6 - 8 weeks. If your child is vomiting constantly and increasingly, you need to contact your doctor, and the sooner the better. If your child is indeed diagnosed with pyloric stenosis, know that there is a way to stop vomiting. Children with pyloric stenosis require surgery to widen the pyloric muscle of the lower stomach. Children usually recover quickly and begin to eat normally within a couple of days after surgery.

Fountain vomiting in a child

Fountain is a word that has often been used in the context of regurgitation and vomiting. Some parents vividly describe their child's vomiting as "a gunshot across the room." While relatively mild spitting and vomiting may cause fluid to “jump” or “fly” a few inches out of your baby's mouth, true fountain vomiting is more forceful, greater distances, etc. If it happens regularly, it could indicate some pretty serious problems. Read on to get more information.

Gag reflex and salivation

Some children have increased vomiting reflex than others, which, on the one hand, is very good, since the gag reflex protects food (or in the case of a newborn, breast milk or baby formula) from “getting into the wrong places,” in particular, into the lungs. On the other hand, a child who is vomiting or has profuse salivation, of course, is very frightening for parents. If your baby is vomiting or has trouble breathing while feeding, you can quickly lift him upright, pat his back, turn his head to the side or tilt him down slightly to allow milk or saliva to flow out of his mouth and allow him to regain his breathing. In almost all cases, children recover quickly from such episodes on their own. If your child has frequent episodes like this, or especially if he stops breathing even a short time, becomes bluish in color when vomiting or coughing, be sure to consult a doctor for advice.

What should I give my child if he is vomiting?

Most often, when you think your baby is vomiting, it is simply burping from eating too much too quickly or reflux. However, vomiting in newborns requires medical evaluation because it may be a sign of a more serious illness or lead to severe dehydration. Perhaps your pediatrician will recommend that you feed your baby less next time and see if he burps? However, if the vomiting does not stop, you need to go to the doctor or even call an ambulance.

If the vomiting becomes very strong (reaches to the other side of the room), if it is profuse, happens frequently, or after two or more feedings in a row, it is time to call the doctor. Also, if there is bright red blood or dark brown "coffee beans" in your vomit, or anything else bothers you, call your doctor or 911 immediately.

If your child is vomiting a lot, it is best not to give him anything. When the vomiting stops, try giving only liquids, often and very little at a time. Start with one teaspoon every 10 minutes; If the child does not vomit within an hour, you can gradually increase the portions. The pediatrician may recommend starting with electrolyte solutions (Pedialita, Infalita or Likvilita). After a few hours, if the vomiting does not return, your doctor may recommend giving you some milk again (breast milk, cow's milk, or formula) or whatever your baby drinks, and then gradually return to normal amounts after a few feedings. Many parents make the same mistake: when the child is thirsty, they give him a lot at once. If a child has stomach problems, everything he drinks will immediately come back out. It is best to avoid solid foods - limit yourself to liquids for the next few hours after vomiting stops. If you introduce solid foods, do so very carefully and gradually. Start with a small amount of simple food - for example, give one spoon of rice cereal or one cracker, wait half an hour and see what happens next.

Call the doctor if your child cannot drink even small amounts of liquid without vomiting, if the vomiting does not stop for several hours, if there is bright red blood or dark brown coffee beans in the vomiting, or if the child has symptoms of dehydration.

When should you start worrying about dehydration?

When a child is sick, dehydration is a constant concern, especially if the infant or small child vomits, with or without diarrhea: in this case, he quickly becomes dehydrated. To prevent this from happening, when your child doesn't feel well, give fluids often and in small amounts unless he vomits.

In newborns, dehydration occurs very quickly. Don't wait until the signs appear (listed below for babies and children one to three years old). If your newborn is vomiting, drinking less than usual, wetting their diapers too little, or soiling their diapers, call the doctor.

You should call your child's doctor if your baby doesn't retain even a small amount of fluid in his stomach, vomiting doesn't stop for several hours, diarrhea doesn't stop for several days, or other signs of dehydration are present: too few wet diapers, lack of energy, no tears, dry lips and tongue, sunken fontanel (soft area on the head), irritability, or sunken eyes.

How to keep liquid in your stomach

To avoid ending up in the hospital and avoiding intravenous infusions, remember the recipe below for children from one to three years old. If your child vomits, return to the previous step. If vomiting continues, be sure to call your doctor or call an ambulance. If you are an infant, it is best to consult your doctor before implementing this or any other plan. Like many recipes (even from grandma's kitchen), it can be slightly modified to achieve results. Final goal like this: starting small, gradually increase the portions to 120-240 ml over a few hours.

• Hour 1 - nothing.
• Hour 2 - 1 teaspoon of electrolyte solution every 10 minutes.
• An hour 3-2 teaspoons of electrolyte solution every 15 minutes.
• Hour 4 - 15 ml of electrolyte solution every 20 minutes.
• Hour 5 - 30 ml of electrolyte solution every 30 minutes.
• Hour 6 - carefully and gradually return to normal liquid food (milk or formula).

Nausea in a child is one of the signs of illness, which causes significant discomfort for the baby and serious concern for parents. If a child is vomiting, the cause of this condition should be immediately established, because this symptom may indicate the development of a serious illness.

In some cases, the appearance of nausea is not worth serious worries. This symptom can be caused by active games accompanied by excessive mobility, profuse sweating. Especially if the child has eaten heavily before. Considering this, the appearance of nausea in this case is quite understandable. By the way, excessive overeating can also cause nausea.

Nausea can occur due to stress and nervous experiences. Especially with a sudden change of situation, for example, admission to kindergarten, school, etc. Experience and excitement are an integral part of life, not every adult is able to cope with them, but what can we say about a child. Sometimes, due to stress, nausea is accompanied by a headache in the child. As a rule, these symptoms go away on their own as soon as the baby gets used to the new conditions.

If a child feels sick in the car, this may indicate a weak vestibular system. The condition can worsen to the point of vomiting if the car is driven in a stuffy atmosphere, a strong smell of fuel and high speed.

When should you worry?

The following symptoms should be a cause for concern:

The child is constantly vomiting, the symptom does not disappear long time, its intensity does not decrease.

Present associated symptoms: dizziness, nausea and diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, nausea and fever, stomach pain and nausea.

Nausea in the morning.

Constant nausea

If a child vomits day and night, then this condition indicates the progression of pathological process in the body: gastrointestinal disorders (starting with poisoning, ending with inflammation, pathological formations in the digestive organs), migraine (chronic headache), meningitis (inflammation of the meninges), hypothyroidism (lack of thyroid hormones) and much more.

From the above, it should be concluded that if a child often feels sick, but there is no vomiting, diarrhea, or fever, then this condition still requires urgent qualified medical attention. medical care, because may indicate a number of dangerous pathological conditions.

Associated symptoms

If a child has pain in the intestines, fever, diarrhea, vomiting, then this condition most likely indicates poisoning or an intestinal infection. In this case, the child may feel sick after eating stale food. In some cases, even products that have not expired can cause poisoning if their storage, production technology or transportation have been violated. As a rule, after 2-4 hours, signs of indigestion appear. Nausea appears first, then vomiting, diarrhea and painful sensations in a stomach. In severe cases, all these symptoms are accompanied by fever.

Intestinal infections can be bacterial or viral. Tablets for abdominal pain and drugs to improve digestion are prescribed based on the nature of the pathogen. Quite often, intestinal infections are accompanied by chills, pallor, lethargy, and dry mucous membranes of the skin, which indicate dehydration.

Infection occurs when a pathogenic bacteria or virus enters the baby’s body (in the gastrointestinal tract). This can happen in various ways:

Due to non-compliance with hygiene standards. If a child comes into contact with contaminated foods, objects, animals, plants, etc., and does not wash his hands after that, then pathogenic microorganisms enter the body through food and saliva (by licking fingers). At the same time, you can also become infected from a sick person: through a kiss or sharing a food.

Through poor quality water. In regions with poor water quality, this is a fairly common problem. Pathogenic microorganisms can enter the body after a child simply drinks water, so it is recommended to boil it before drinking.

As a rule, the disease develops rapidly and poses a health threat.

Nauseous in the morning

IMPORTANT! The appearance of nausea may indicate the development serious pathologies In order to identify them in a timely manner or exclude their presence, it is necessary to consult a doctor.

If nausea is not accompanied acute symptoms and the pediatrician confirms the absence of threatening pathologies, then you can reduce the manifestation of nausea yourself at home.

First of all, it is recommended to remove all kinds of foods and objects with a strong smell away from the child. Access to fresh air must be provided. If the symptom is caused by anxiety and fear, then the child is advised to breathe deeply. Clothes should not interfere with this. Parents need to try to distract their baby by reading a book or watching cartoons.

It is important that the child does not lie down, because in this position, gastric juice can rise to the esophagus and increase discomfort and a feeling of nausea. The latter can be a symptom of dehydration, so frequent, heavy drinking is recommended. If nausea is caused by a stoppage of the stomach (which often occurs when overeating, eating excessively fatty foods, which, given the size of the child’s stomach and how much food is digested, cannot pass without a trace), then acidic drinks or fruits will help stimulate its work. This will help:

• lemon, lemon tea, lemonade;
• oranges;
• kefir, etc.

Carbonated drinks in this case can cause belching and bloating. Therefore, if there is nothing suitable nearby, it is better to wait until the gases come out of the water.

What to do in case of a health-threatening condition?

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and fever are a reason not to self-medicate, but to consult a doctor. While parents wait for qualified medical personnel to arrive, the baby should be given first aid.

Nausea and vomiting

If nausea is accompanied by vomiting, then you should ensure that the baby is in such a position that he does not choke on vomit (which is especially dangerous for an infant or a one-year-old child due to imperfections digestive system). To do this, it is recommended that the baby be placed in a semi-lying position on his side.

Sometimes nausea is caused by eating poor quality foods.

In this case, it is necessary to induce vomiting and rinse the stomach to reduce the concentration of toxins in the body. In children under 6 years of age, you should not induce vomiting yourself, because... there is a risk of re-swallowing vomit. It is also recommended to give the child sorbents that help absorb toxins and destroy pathogenic microflora:

Activated carbon.

White coal.

Enterosgel.

At the same time, dehydration of the body should not be allowed, so it is recommended to give the child a little mineral water.

If vomiting is accompanied by a painful spasm of the stomach and the release of bile (this is usually observed after frequent vomiting, while there is practically no vomit), then it’s time to give the baby an antiemetic drug:

• Unorm;
• No-Spasm;
• Motilium.

Medicines stop the gag reflex, reduce the feeling of nausea and alleviate the child’s general condition. The dosage should be prescribed by a doctor, taking into account the age of the baby.

Nausea and fever

These 2 symptoms may indicate a bacterial or viral infection in the body (for example, sore throat, flu, etc.), poisoning, intestinal infection, and much more. Before the doctor arrives, it is recommended to alleviate the baby’s condition with an antipyretic drug.

It is important that the dosage form of the drug is selected correctly. There are suppositories, syrups, tablets, and injection solutions.

• if a child has diarrhea, then you should stop using antipyretic suppositories;
• If you feel like vomiting, it is better not to use tablets or syrup.

Injection solutions are a rather painful way of administering medicine to a child, but if the use of other dosage forms impossible, then this option remains the only one and at the same time the fastest. If you do not have medical education or skills to perform intramuscular injections, you must entrust the manipulation to medical personnel.

The most popular antipyretics for children are:

Based on paracetamol (Panadol, Paracetamol, Cefekon D, Calpol, etc.). The medications provide effective antipyretic and, to a lesser extent, analgesic effects and act within 30-50 minutes. They are characterized by minimal toxicity.

Based on ibuprofen (Nurofen, Ibuprofen, Ibufen). Medicines belong to NSAIDs and provide anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects.

Based on nimesulide (Nise, Nimulid). Medicines are NSAIDs, the effect is similar to Ibuprofen. They act faster and longer than Paracetamol, but are more toxic.

Nausea and abdominal pain

Digestive aids will help reduce heaviness, bloating, and belching. Enzymes are a kind of biological catalysts; they accelerate the progress of chemical reactions in the gastrointestinal tract.

They have a wide range of applications and are suitable for errors in nutrition, pathologies of the gallbladder (for example, cholecystitis); diseases of the stomach, in which the secretory function of the organ is reduced; intestinal diseases (for example, enteritis, enterocolitis); pathologies of the pancreas, etc.

For children, preparations coated with a special coating are suitable. This helps protect against of hydrochloric acid gastric juice (without a shell, the effectiveness of the medicine may be reduced). In addition, such a coating prevents contact of the oral mucosa with the unpleasant-tasting active ingredient of the medicine.

Nausea caused by helminths Tablets that improve digestion

To alleviate the condition, doctors prescribe the following tablets for abdominal pain, nausea and other unpleasant symptoms:

Mezim. The drug stimulates the process of food digestion, compensates for the lack of pancreatic enzymes, promotes quick deliverance for stomach pain.

Pangrol. The drug is a reliable assistant to the pancreas. Widely used for digestive disorders caused by pathologies in any part of the digestive tract. Helps eliminate intense abdominal pain, dyspeptic symptoms (excessive flatulence, intestinal turmoil, stool disorders).

Creon. The drug improves the breakdown of fats, proteins, carbohydrates, which promotes their complete absorption. Normalizes the microflora in the intestines, prevents excessive formation of gases, helps the body adapt to the effects of external aggressive factors.

Hermital. The drug helps eliminate digestion disorders, enzyme deficiency, improves the process of food digestion, thanks to enhanced breakdown nutrients to simple components, provides a mild analgesic effect if the stomach hurts.

IMPORTANT! If nausea is accompanied by pain, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, etc. alarming symptoms, then you shouldn’t risk your child’s health. In this case, you should immediately call a doctor or ambulance.

Anton palaznikov

Gastroenterologist, therapist

Work experience more than 7 years.

Professional skills: diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and biliary system.

Vomiting in itself is not a disease, but a symptom of sometimes very serious diseases or unwanted processes in the body. And if vomiting occurs in children, then parents should be especially vigilant. The causes of nausea can be determined by the consistency of the vomit and additional symptoms. Based on the diagnosis, there are different treatment tactics.

Infancy is associated with great fear among parents for the health of their child. The child does not speak, it is difficult to determine the cause of crying or anxiety. And vomiting in a baby often plunges parents into shock. Occurs as a reaction to an irritating factor or a sign of illness.

Don't mistake regurgitation for vomiting. Regurgitation often occurs in infants when the baby overeats. It does not affect your well-being or health in any way. Excess food is simply removed from the body. Not necessarily under pressure, milk can simply ooze from the corner of the mouth.

Sometimes a baby spits up because he swallowed a lot of air during feeding. The reason may lie in the wrong bite. Often occurs in first-time mothers with a flat or insufficiently defined nipple. It is difficult for the baby to latch onto the breast and he often smacks his lips. When air rises through the esophagus, the baby may burp, sometimes quite profusely.

Doctors even advise not to immediately put the baby down after feeding, but to hold him upright so that the air comes out and does not disturb the baby when he lies down.

• do not overfeed the child, although it is difficult to dose the infant’s feeding, but when artificial feeding or complementary feeding, you should adhere to the norm, even if the baby agrees to supplementation;
• there is no need to actively rock the baby immediately after feeding;
• It is better to bathe before feeding or after some time;
• if the child burps, give him a rest, lie quietly for about half an hour.

Vomiting may accompany the first feeding. If the trouble is one-time, then there is no need to panic. When vomiting accompanies every feeding, a doctor's consultation is required.

Important! For the first complementary foods, it is better to use food from one or two ingredients. To be sure to identify difficult-to-tolerate foods.

You should not change your formula without good reason. Frequent and/or sudden changes in formula can lead to vomiting in children under 1 year of age. It would be wise to consult your doctor about choosing the right mixture and gradual transition to another, if necessary.

Important! Artificial feeding is not cheap for parents, but it is better to spend a round sum on healthy eating crumbs than for the treatment of various disorders.

Indigestion often frightens parents with sudden vomiting. At times accompanied by loose stools with pronounced food particles, if the baby is already eating something other than mother's milk or mixtures. It is recommended to review the child’s diet, perhaps taking a course of enzymes. Often indigestion occurs due to poor nutrition of the mother. The predominance of fatty, salty, spicy, sweet foods in the diet of a nursing mother has a detrimental effect on the baby’s fragile digestive system.

The eruption of baby teeth provokes infrequent and light vomiting. The baby swallows a lot of air when feeding due to pain in the gums. To alleviate the condition and prevent vomiting, use special gels and teethers. You can massage your gums.

A sharp change in climate often leads to both vomiting and diarrhea in children. Parents should be prepared for anything if they are going on vacation abroad with their baby.

Dysbacteriosis is another most common problem in young children. An unbalanced intestinal microflora, namely the predominance of pathogenic bacteria and fungi over beneficial ones, leads to disruption of food digestion and intestinal function in general. The patient is bothered by vomiting and the following symptoms:

• bloating, flatulence, round and hard tummy;
• constipation;
• poor sleep and anxiety;
• the skin peels off over large areas of the face and body, a rash appears in the form of individual pimples or plaques;
• dark plaque on teeth;
• eats poorly;
• coating on the tongue.

Important! Characteristic symptoms of dysbiosis: bad breath, diarrhea from yellow-greenish to dark marsh color with granular components.

Dysbacteriosis is most often provoked by intestinal viruses, food allergies or antibiotics. Depending on the root cause, treatment is determined and must be selected by a doctor. The symptoms are very similar to some gastrointestinal diseases, so the patient is referred for appropriate tests.

Vomiting in children after five years of age

Situations that do not require medical intervention include the following:

• feeding against will;
• emotional overload.

At this age, parents often have to convince their children to eat. It is especially difficult to teach healthy food. Many resort to persuasion and outright feeding against the will of the child. Often, pushing down “essentially healthy” food causes a gag reflex. The shock suffered remains in the child’s memory forever; the child experiences an aversion to such products, even in adulthood.

Vomiting due to nervousness is most often observed in females, in a ratio of 1:5. An unexpected spilling of contents out can happen at any moment associated with nervous tension. The cause is fear, anxiety before an exam or other event, emotional experiences, due to family problems, quarrels, pressure on the child from parents. Usually, at an older age, children learn to control their emotions, which allows them to prevent vomiting or at least make it to the toilet.

At an early age, parents should protect their child from experiences that can cause drastic changes in their life, a change in environment that occurs when they begin visiting child care institutions.

You can periodically take valerian tablets. You should take the course before an expected stressful period in your baby’s life. For example, before school. You also need to support and help learn to control the situation and tame your emotions as quickly as possible. If own strength not enough, you can contact a neurologist.

Intolerance to certain foods, most often cow's milk and dairy products, accompanied by urge without fever and diarrhea. Does not require special treatment. It is necessary to identify foods that the body is not able to digest and exclude from the diet.

Sometimes children try to induce vomiting on their own by attracting attention to themselves or showing their aversion to food. In such a situation, a psychologist and adult observation will help.

Dangerous vomiting. When you need qualified help

If you feel sick once or twice a day, your stool is a little thinner than usual or normal, and your baby sleeps peacefully, plays and eats, then there is no need to call an ambulance.

You definitely need a doctor when vomiting is accompanied by the following phenomena:

• I have a stomachache;
• fainting/unconsciousness;
• fever and lethargy;
• the vomit contains blood and may have a scarlet or brownish tint;
• if the child suffered a head injury or fell the day before;
• prolonged constipation/diarrhea;
• urges occur 2 or more times per hour.

Important! Sometimes blood gets into the vomit of infants from cracks in the mother’s nipples.

Poisoning food products of questionable quality or food poisoning

The body is poisoned by toxins that are formed as a result of the breakdown of a significant amount of a certain type of bacteria under the influence of an acidic environment. An unacceptable concentration of harmful microorganisms is possible if the production technology, sanitary standards of production or storage are violated, after the expiration date.

Nausea usually appears within 2-5 hours after eating such food. Vomiting in this case has a number of features:

• strong heartbeat;
• cold hands and feet;
• before each attack of vomiting, the baby turns pale, cold sweat may appear;
• Abdominal spasms and vomiting are observed;
• Fever and diarrhea may occur.

Important! A clear sign of poisoning will be mucus or foam in the expelled masses and feces.

Severe poisoning is accompanied by a state of shock, loss of consciousness, malfunction of organs, and severe dehydration.

Intestinal infection is a common food companion in kindergartens, school canteens and other catering places. You can also become infected from a sick person or animal.

The first sign of infection is a change in the baby’s behavior. Drowsiness and lethargy appear, or vice versa, the baby sleeps poorly and is constantly capricious. It happens that rotavirus does not manifest itself at all in the first stages, and then nausea appears. Remnants of undigested food and mucus can be found in the ejected stomach contents. Children complain of abdominal pain, infants tighten their legs or twist them.

Important! The baby has a hard, swollen belly, you can hear rumbling, and frequent loose stool with mucus, sometimes blood.

Occurs at temperatures from 37.2 to 40°C. In mild form it does not rise or fall.

A child may become infected due to dirty hands or toys. Toys should be washed in warm, soapy water as often as possible.

You can catch enteroviruses, rotoviruses, salmonella and other pathogenic E. coli in public transport and other places with large crowds of people. The main preventive measure is personal hygiene and food hygiene. You need to wash your hands more often. It is better to rinse vegetables and fruits that are bought at the market and consumed without heat treatment with boiling water before preparing the salad.

Diseases not related to the gastrointestinal tract can cause vomiting. Nausea may occur with pneumonia, bronchitis, severe runny nose, otitis. High intoxication, fever, and the use of antipyretics can provoke vomiting. Usually there is no diarrhea, but in children under one year of age it can occur.

Important! Characterized by infrequent vomiting, 1-2 times. Usually at a high temperature or in the first days of an exacerbation of the disease: severe sore throat, choking cough, acute ear pain. The stool is not watery, but slightly thinner than normal, there is no blood or foam.

Intestinal intussusception is the formation of folds and weaves of the intestine, which impedes or completely blocks the lumen. Feces and gases accumulate, the abdomen becomes hard and increases in size.

Important! At first general deterioration no condition observed. The child complains of cramping pain, and after the attack passes he feels well again.

As the situation worsens, the frequency of attacks increases, the pain is pronounced, and the patient does not even allow himself to be touched. Then vomiting appears and a characteristic sign of such a disease is stool in the form of mucus streaked with blood.

It is more often observed in infants at 5-12 months of life. A child at this age is characterized by uneven development and growth, which explains the spread of pathology among children under one year of age. The introduction of complementary foods may also be a reason. Improper feeding and excess fiber lead to impaired peristalsis and, as a result, intussusception.

No matter how the picture of the disease develops, the baby should be shown to the surgeon. Most often the area is straightened surgically, but on early stages a more loyal method is possible. The intestines are straightened by introducing a large amount of air.

The acetone crisis has not been uncommon among young children in the last couple of decades. The reasons for the deterioration of the condition are the accumulation of ketone bodies in the baby’s blood. Speaking in simple language, substances that the body could not digest enter the blood, and intoxication begins.

Most often this happens if the child has undergone treatment with antibiotics, antipyretics, or due to poor nutrition. When a baby eats fried, smoked, spicy and other heavy foods or unlimited consumption of sweets with a high content of dyes, preservatives, and flavoring additives is allowed, a crisis may occur. It is synthetic additives that are difficult for the immature gastrointestinal tract to digest. It is necessary to limit the child’s access to snacks (crackers, chips, etc.); up to 3 years of age, do not give sweets that are sold in stores and supermarkets. It is better to replace them with dried fruits, fresh vegetables and fruits, special children's or biscuits.

Excitement can also provoke a crisis. If a child is very emotional, loved ones must create an optimal psychological climate. Before exciting events, it is better to take a course of valerian tincture. Valerian tincture does not help after the first dose, but shows its effect during the accumulation of a certain amount in the body. Therefore, if a child is going to kindergarten for the first time, does not want to leave his mother and is capricious, then it is better to start taking the tincture 2-3 weeks before the next trip to preschool.

Important! Diabetes mellitus is also one of the provoking factors of the acetone crisis.

If a child is prone to increased acetone, the pediatrician should select the treatment of any ailment taking into account this feature.

Important! The main symptom, in addition to vomiting, is the characteristic smell of acetone from the mouth. Urine or feces may have the same odor.

Vomiting is usually preceded by lethargy and apathy of the baby. The patient may complain of pain in the navel area, the skin takes on a pale, unhealthy appearance, raspberry-bluish circles appear under the eyes, lips become bright color. The doctor, by palpation, that is, palpating the abdomen, notices an enlargement of the liver.

Vomiting begins suddenly and repeats after every attempt to give water or food to the baby. Between attacks, the patient can play as if everything is normal. The vomit initially contains food fragments, then only bile, and attacks become more frequent over time.

Parents of children prone to this should have test strips in their home medicine cabinet to determine the concentration of the substance in the blood. 4 degrees are noted, indicated on the packaging of the test strips. “+” and “++” - vomiting is not frequent. You can deal with it yourself. The first day the child is hungry. It is soldered by the spoonful with Regidron and Borjomi without gas. The next day, you can give your child a dried cracker made in the oven from regular white bread. If vomiting does not recur, the baby is offered a tablespoon of oatmeal or rice porridge, later you can have rice soup without frying, lean buckwheat porridge, baked apples, dried fruit compote, chamomile tea. You can drink Regidron for another 2-3 days or until the acetone completely disappears. Drinking plenty of fluids helps eliminate ketone bodies.

Important! When treating at home, the acetone level should be constantly monitored. If the number of pluses does not decrease, but increases, the parents encountered the disease for the first time, they should go to the hospital.

Three or four pluses cannot be treated at home. The patient is given a drip to relieve intoxication. Sometimes once is enough; in more severe cases, drips are applied for 2-3 days in a row. As soon as the concentration drops to two pluses, the dropper is canceled. A strict diet with the gradual introduction of boiled meat and porridge in water lasts for several weeks. At the first stage, the disease may occur without fever, but along with the loss of a large amount of fluid, the mercury column of the thermometer will jump.

In addition to the above reasons, vomiting can be caused by the following pathologies:

• gastritis;
• appendicitis;
• peritonitis;
• stomach ulcer;
• brain diseases;
• shake;
• foreign body, happens in children from one year old, when the baby puts everything in his mouth;
• abnormal structure of the gastrointestinal tract: pyloric stenosis, pyloric spasm;
• helminthic infestation.

Important! The article contains only background information. The doctor must decide how to treat a sick child.

What to do to stop vomiting

The initial action of parents when their baby is vomiting should be to call a doctor. You should especially not hesitate if there are traces of blood in the vomit.

Important! It is prohibited for children to take any medications before being examined by a doctor. In addition to special solutions for gastric lavage and decongestion.

What parents should do before the ambulance arrives:

• do not panic and create a calm, comfortable environment around the child;
• ventilate the room;
• put the baby in bed on its side so that when the next urge to vomit occurs, liquid does not enter the respiratory tract (this is especially important at night); the baby can be held in a semi-vertical or vertical position;
• keep a small container near your bed;
• The child should be allowed to rinse his mouth and wash himself after each attack;
• there is no need to try to feed the patient.

Important! Frequent bouts of vomiting dehydrate the body. It is necessary to ensure that losses are replenished with small portions of fluid.

In order for the liquid to be retained, you need to let the child drink a little at short intervals, preferably every 5 minutes. Regidron and similar drugs help well. It is suitable for both infants and older children. Children under one year old can be given water from a pipette, and older children can be given water from a teaspoon. Alkaline mineral water is also suitable.

In case of poisoning with medications, household chemicals or food, the child’s stomach should be rinsed before the ambulance arrives. A weak saline solution heated to 37-38 degrees or Regidron is suitable. The volume of liquid must be at least 700 ml. The child is given a large amount of liquid to drink and is waited for to vomit. The procedure is repeated until during another attack Only the solution will come out, without any food or other substances, or until the ambulance arrives.

Important! Do not rinse the stomach and/or induce vomiting in case of poisoning with gasoline, alkali or acid.

Substances not intended for human consumption can cause burns. You need to give the child 1-2 glasses of warm water and wait for the ambulance to arrive.

You should not rinse the stomach of an unconscious or semi-fainting child, as well as infants under one year old.

You should not give painkillers until the doctor arrives. The nature of the pain is an important symptom by which the doctor will make a preliminary diagnosis.

When vomiting blood, some online sources advise placing a cold heating pad (ice pack) on the stomach or allowing the child to swallow a small piece of ice. Low temperature promotes vasoconstriction, so bleeding can be stopped. Other resources do not recommend doing any warming or cooling manipulations, since this not only blurs the clinical picture, but can cause harm. The clinical picture is a set of symptoms by which the doctor can judge the causes of vomiting.

Although even on our website you will find many useful recommendations on how to identify appendicitis and get rid of colitis, you should not experiment if you are not sure of the causes. IN difficult situation You should have your pediatrician's phone number or ask for advice when calling an ambulance.

How to treat vomiting

Cerucal stops vomiting well. The instructions indicate that the drug is suitable for treating children over 3 years of age. But doctors allow its use at an earlier age. The doctor calculates the dose and constantly monitors the patient, since the medicine has a number of side effects especially dangerous for the youngest patients.

Important! Cerucal is prescribed in severe cases, when harm from dehydration can cause much greater damage to the health and life of the baby.

The drug is effective against rotaviruses and intestinal infections, stops vomiting, starts intestinal motility, and helps with constipation. The components of the drug block impulses that enter the vomiting center of the brain, and also stimulate the contraction of the smooth muscles of the stomach. Thus, they promote the rapid passage of food into the intestines, and not back.

Nausea and vomiting should always be a concern, as they are a symptom of many diseases. The task of parents is to suspect something is wrong in time and be sure to consult a doctor.

Vomiting is the involuntary expulsion of the contents of the digestive tract, mainly the stomach, through the mouth, sometimes the nose, which often ends with a peculiar low sound made by the child while inhaling (as if he is choking), after which crying occurs. Vomiting is the result of contraction of the abdominal muscles and diaphragm, and to a lesser extent the stomach itself. Most often, it is a protective reaction of the digestive system to the ingress or formation of toxic or other harmful substances in the body.

Vomiting may be preceded by nausea - this is an unpleasant painless subjective sensation, which in a small child is usually manifested by anxiety, refusal to eat, protruding the tip of the tongue, pale skin, and cold extremities.

Vomiting, as well as the nausea that precedes it, in young children (from 1 year to 3 years) can often occur suddenly, without previous symptoms, and should always alert parents. What are the most common causes of nausea and vomiting?

Intestinal infections

The causative agents of intestinal infections are a large group of viruses and bacteria (dysentery bacillus, salmonella, pathogenic E. coli, rotaviruses, enteroviruses, etc.).

Infection occurs when the pathogen enters the gastrointestinal tract through the mouth. The source of infection is a sick person or a carrier of a particular virus, bacteria, which can release the microbe in feces. The source may also be a sick animal (dogs, cats, large and small cattle, etc.). A child can become infected through food, water, household items, toys contaminated with the patient’s feces, and through dirty hands.

First, the baby's behavior changes. He becomes irritable, agitated or, conversely, lethargic, refuses to eat, and sleep is disturbed. However, in mild forms of the disease these symptoms may not occur. Then nausea and vomiting appear. Vomit may contain remnants of undigested food and mucus, which indicates an inflammatory process in the gastrointestinal tract. The child may have abdominal pain. In children early age it shows up as anxiety infants kicking with their feet. A baby who is already talking may complain of pain. The abdomen is swollen and there is rumbling.

Almost always, intestinal infections are accompanied by loose stools; they can be frequent, mixed with mucus and sometimes blood. As a rule, the temperature rises. Depending on the severity of the condition, it can be either small (37.2-37.5°C) or reach very high values ​​- 39-40°C. It should be noted that in mild forms of the disease the temperature may be normal or even reduced.

Food poisoning

They occur after eating food that contains a large amount of a certain type of bacteria, which, when destroyed in the acidic environment of the stomach, release toxins that cause poisoning of the body. This is possible if storage conditions are violated, products that have expired are consumed, or production technology is not followed.

The disease begins unexpectedly, as a rule, within 2-6 hours after eating poor quality food. First, nausea and vomiting appear, after a few hours loose stools appear, but usually not watery, with a small amount of mucus. Violation of the general condition, changes in behavior, appetite, sleep of the baby and the severity of fever depend on the amount of poor-quality food eaten and the number of microorganisms it contained, as well as on the rate of decay of microorganisms and the release of toxins by them.

In severe cases of the disease, children may develop toxicoinfectious shock (an acute condition with severe disruption of the functioning of internal organs, possible loss of consciousness, which is caused by the action of toxins and requires immediate medical care). As with intestinal infections, there is a high probability of developing dehydration due to persistent vomiting and an increase in temperature, at which more fluid is lost through evaporation from the surface of the skin and through breathing.

Acute infectious diseases

The cause of nausea and vomiting can be acute infectious diseases (ARVI, bronchitis, pneumonia - pneumonia, pyelonephritis - inflammatory disease kidneys, etc.), which are not associated with direct damage to the gastrointestinal tract.

In this case, nausea and vomiting will be one of the symptoms of a violation of the child’s general condition, i.e. intoxication syndrome. Nausea and vomiting are usually observed in cases of severe disease. Vomiting is rarely persistent and more often occurs once or twice. Infectious diseases always accompanied by other symptoms of intoxication: fever, changes in behavior (restlessness, lethargy), sleep disorders, loss of appetite. Stool upset is not typical, although in a child under 1 year old with some types of ARVI, such a symptom is also possible, and, unlike intestinal infections, the stool is not watery, but somewhat thinner than usual, 1-3 times a day, does not contain pathological impurities ( mucus, blood). Soon, symptoms characteristic of each disease appear: runny nose, cough, etc. A child who can speak may complain of pain when swallowing. Children's doctor, having examined the baby, will help you finally understand the situation.

Central nervous system diseases

With such serious diseases of the central nervous system as meningitis (inflammation of the lining of the brain) and encephalitis (inflammation of the brain matter), nausea and vomiting can be one of the initial symptoms. Vomiting is persistent and does not bring relief (that is, nausea remains). There is a pronounced disturbance in the general condition: the child is lethargic, moves little, has no appetite, and is tearful. A baby under 1 year of age may experience a characteristic shrill, monotonous cry as a manifestation of a headache, and may be bothered by photophobia (in bright light, children squint, turn away, and tears may appear).

In addition, it is noted heat 39-40°C. Characteristic is the appearance of convulsions, which can manifest themselves as sudden rhythmic twitching of individual muscles that are not interrupted by touch, for example, by the mother’s hands. In children with an open large fontanel, one can detect its bulging (protrudes above the surrounding bone structures) and pulsation of blood vessels under the skin, which can be felt when touched, and often even when examined.

In any case, if meningitis or encephalitis is suspected, emergency hospitalization is required.

Vomiting may be one of the first symptoms of a tumor growing in the brain. Usually, vomiting occurs unexpectedly, happens 1-2 times a day, mainly at night or in the morning, and appears periodically for quite a long time - more than a month. If the large fontanel is not yet closed, it may bulge, which is caused by increased intracranial pressure. A child may often be bothered by headaches; if the baby does not yet know how to speak, then they are manifested by changes in mood, loss of appetite, the baby becomes capricious, easily excitable, or, conversely, lethargic. In this case, consultation with a neurologist is necessary.

Surgical diseases

Surgical diseases can also cause sudden nausea and vomiting in children in the first years of life.

Acute appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix that extends from a section of the large intestine located in the right half of the abdomen and called the “blind”. Vomiting with this pathology in a young child can be one of the first signs of the disease. First, the baby appears restless, sleep disturbances and loss of appetite are possible. Then the baby begins to vomit repeatedly and the temperature rises: in babies under 1 year of age it reaches 38°C and above; in older children it is often slightly elevated, within 37.2-37.7°C. Loose stools with mucus often occur.

Complaints of pain in the right iliac region (in the right side), which are characteristic of acute appendicitis in adults, are rare at this age. Usually the baby complains of pain around the navel. If the child is very small and is not able to describe his feelings, it is necessary to carefully observe his behavior. In such a situation, the baby does not sleep, curls up (brings the hips towards the stomach, especially when lying on the left side), “kicks” its legs and worries when changing body position. With an atypical location of the appendix, frequent painful urination or the urge to defecate (to have a bowel movement).

Intussusception. This pathology occurs more often in the younger age group (6-12 months). It is the introduction of one section of the intestine into another, as a result of which intestinal function is disrupted. The cause of this disease is unknown in most cases. Some authors explain the more frequent occurrence of intussusception in children under 1 year of age by uneven growth and development of the longitudinal and transverse fibers of the intestinal muscle layer at this age, as well as imbalance enzyme system(enzymes are substances that break down food). Against this background, if complementary foods, which usually contain vegetable or fruit ingredients, that is, a large amount of fiber, are introduced incorrectly, disturbances in peristalsis (wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles of the intestine) may occur, which leads to intussusception.

In children over 1 year of age, intussusception may be due to for various reasons, which must be installed after straightening the intussusception. These include: intestinal malformations, polyps (benign tumor-like formations growing from the intestinal wall into its lumen), intestinal tumors, multiple enlarged lymph nodes, the presence of worms, etc.

The clinical picture of intussusception is quite characteristic; the disease proceeds in paroxysms: against the background of complete health, the child develops sharp, cramping pain in the abdomen. In children of the first year of life, this is manifested by severe anxiety, unmotivated screaming and crying, and tucking their legs to their stomach. After some time, the attack of pain subsides, the child becomes calm. Then the above picture is repeated again. Over time, non-attack periods become shorter, and attacks become more frequent, pronounced and prolonged.

As the disease progresses, the baby becomes increasingly pale, weak, and vomiting. Vomit often contains bile. At the beginning of the disease, stool may be normal, without pathological impurities. As the disease progresses, it appears characteristic feature- "raspberry jelly" type stool, which is only mucus containing streaks of blood. Sometimes there is only an admixture of blood in the stool.

Whenever similar symptoms the child must be examined by a surgeon in the hospital. Treatment is most often performed surgically. But when early production diagnosis (on the first day), non-surgical straightening of the intussusception is possible (with the help of air introduced into the colon). In any case, the decision on the treatment method is made only by the surgeon.

A serious complication of appendicitis and intussusception is peritonitis (inflammation of the peritoneum). Characteristic symptoms are indomitable vomiting, which over time may contain only an admixture of mucus and bile, severe pain in the abdomen (the child does not even allow him to be touched), bloating appears, and there is often a delay in the passage of stool and gases. Outwardly, the baby looks restless, facial features are sharpened, and the skin takes on a gray-green tint. All these signs can develop very quickly, and in this case it is unacceptable to hesitate. An urgent call to an ambulance or independent hospitalization to the nearest hospital where emergency surgical care can be provided is necessary.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract of a non-infectious nature are often accompanied by nausea and vomiting.

Acute gastritis (inflammation of the gastric mucosa) in young children is manifested by nausea and repeated vomiting of eaten food, sometimes with an admixture of bile, usually not immediately after feeding. It can occur in children due to a violation of the diet, a sudden change in diet (for example, while traveling), or due to the use of certain medications orally (by mouth), for example, antibiotics.

The entry of a foreign body into the child’s gastrointestinal tract may also be accompanied by vomiting. It most often occurs when an object is swallowed large size and fixing it at the level of the esophagus. As a rule, this is accompanied by spasm (compression) of the smooth muscles of the esophagus. Vomiting occurs a few minutes after ingestion and contains undigested food, often a large amount of mucus, and sometimes scarlet blood. The child is restless, respiratory distress and excessive drooling may occur.

It should also be noted that children often experience nervous, or psychogenic, vomiting, which is easily provoked by various emotional factors (fear, excitement, resentment, etc.), which occurs, for example, during force-feeding. Sometimes there may be demonstrative vomiting in order to attract attention to oneself. In all cases, the general condition of the child is not disturbed; vomiting may recur under the same circumstances.

What does vomiting lead to?

It is very important that each of the parents, as well as grandparents, understand that nausea and vomiting, especially repeated and indomitable, can lead to very serious pathological changes in the child’s body, the development of dehydration. It should be remembered that the younger the child, the more sensitive his body is to any water deficiency, since all tissues contain a large amount of extracellular fluid. If frequent vomiting is accompanied by loose stools and an increase in body temperature, fluid loss increases, and along with it comes out mineral salts. At the beginning of the disease, the child is excited, moderate thirst is noted, then as the symptoms progress (vomiting, loose stools, elevated temperature) lethargy, drowsiness appear, skin elasticity decreases, mucous membranes become dry, and urination becomes rare. (Normally, a 6-month-old child urinates about 15-16 times per day; at the age of 1-3 years, 8-10 times per day.) Vomiting usually increases due to salt deficiency. Within a few hours, pronounced disturbances in water and mineral metabolism may occur, which leads to serious disruption of the functioning of internal organs.

What to do?

What should parents do if their child, despite being in good health, suddenly develops nausea and vomiting? At the first moment it is necessary to provide him correct position. If the baby is lying down, turn his head to one side, you can raise it at an angle of 30°. This is necessary to prevent such a dangerous complication of vomiting syndrome as aspiration, i.e. entry of stomach contents into the respiratory tract. If this happens during feeding, it should be stopped for at least two hours. If at this moment you have the baby in your arms, do not rush to put him in the crib, keep him in a vertical or semi-horizontal position, with his head turned to one side. Next, it is important to assess the situation and the severity of the child’s condition. But only a doctor can do this, and he will decide whether hospitalization is necessary. Only in the case of a single vomiting in the normal general condition of the child (the baby behaves as usual, the temperature is normal, the sleep is calm) and the absence of other symptoms of the disease can you wait to call a doctor.

Before the doctor arrives, you can start feeding your child to prevent dehydration. First, offer your baby some water. You need to feed the baby in small portions: up to 1 year, 1-2 teaspoons every 3-5 minutes, from 1 year to 3 years, 3-4 teaspoons, children over 3 years old, 1-2 tablespoons every 5 minutes, but no more than 100 ml in 20 minutes for a child of any age. The daily amount of fluid (including water contained in milk, formula, food) that must be administered to a healthy child over 1 year old is 100-150 ml per 1 kg of body weight.

At varying degrees dehydration, in the presence of elevated temperature, diarrhea, fluid loss increases, and this indicator is calculated individually, depending on the amount of water loss. Since in addition to water, salts are also excreted, it is good to alternate water (give alternately) with glucose-saline solutions. For example, rehydron, citrolucosalan. These drugs can be purchased at the pharmacy in powder form, which is dissolved in 1 liter of boiled water, after which the solution is ready for use.

At home

If it is not possible to buy glucose-saline solutions at the pharmacy to replenish the loss of water and salts due to dehydration, then you can prepare a similar solution at home. To do this, dissolve 1 tsp in 1 liter of water. table salt without top, ½ tsp. baking soda, 8 tsp. without top sugar. In addition to water, you can use lightly brewed tea, rosehip infusion, or rice infusion as a salt-free solution. There is no need to give your baby a large volume of liquid at once, as this may cause repeated vomiting. If vomiting recurs, you need to stop drinking for 10-15 minutes, then continue drinking, but at a slower pace.

Need to go to the hospital?

Once again, I would like to draw the attention of parents to the fact that since vomiting syndrome occurs in many very serious diseases, including surgical ones, it is impossible to hesitate and self-medicate for a long time at home.

If, against the background of one or two times of vomiting, which may be accompanied by loose stools, the baby drinks fluids well, the general condition is not impaired and does not worsen over time, new symptoms do not appear, the child is calm, there is no need to rush to call an ambulance, but it is necessary to invite a pediatrician to your home.

Hospitalization in a hospital is mandatory in the following cases:

• repeated vomiting or vomiting combined with other symptoms (fever, loose stools) when children of any age refuse to drink);
• vomiting in combination with abdominal pain lasting more than an hour, especially with retention of stool and gas. It is necessary to exclude surgical pathology;
• lack of effect from therapy at home. This issue is decided by the attending physician;
• progressive deterioration of the condition - lethargy, apathy (the child may want to sleep all the time), rare urination, the appearance of seizures, prolonged fever that cannot be treated.

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Sveta | 01/07/2019

Hello! My baby is 1.1 months old. On the morning of the 7th he started vomiting. Before vomiting, he lifts his legs and stands them up. This is after the breast. What could this be?

Julia | 10/20/2018

Help me please! The child is 1.2 years old. The child has been vomiting once a day for three weeks. The vomiting is not strong, but has a smell. Our pediatrician doesn’t say anything, she prescribed tests, rehydron and micrazim. Eliminate milk, fruits and do fractional meals. Does not help. The feces have already arrived good. The urine is not very good, they prescribed Nechiporenko to test it, but there is no result yet. He eats well. Mostly joyful, but before vomiting he can just lie there for half an hour, apparently nauseated. We saw a neurologist, everything was fine. Even two neurologists. We also strained our neck about a month ago and have now undergone 5 electrophoresis and 4 magnets. Maybe a reaction to physio? Sometimes the child is just lethargic and wakes up in no mood, this has never happened before. Most importantly, he refuses all types of liquid. Let's drink a little from the syringe. He asks for juice, but we don’t give it because he’s vomiting, and he categorically refuses water and children’s tea. I beg you, tell me, what could this be? Where else can we go with this trouble? And most importantly, when my son vomits, he is immediately active and plays, laughing. Our gums are still swollen, maybe on our teeth? But to take so long... in general, I’m slowly going crazy, I’m very worried, but we don’t know where else to go.

Albina | 07/06/2016

My 3-year-old girl has been vomiting since the evening... she drinks a lot after vomiting, she asks for it herself... but 15 after drinking water she vomits again... no fever or diarrhea... she hasn’t pooped today for 5 days, please advise...

guest | 04/15/2016

If you have a problem with the disease, make a dua (ask) and immediately contact a good specialist.

Petka | 11/22/2014

The article did not mention another possible cause of nausea: worms. We grabbed this joy in the summer. When the poisoners encountered an interesting moment, even after poisoning, the nausea did not go away, a friend recommended taking Enterosgel, it removes toxins from the body, after taking it, almost immediately, the whole family felt relief. We are, of course, more because the “little one” began to sleep better. But the main advice to everyone is no self-medication; if anything goes wrong, see a doctor.

Natasha | 08/22/2014

My son had an acute intestinal infection... As I remember, I wanted to cry (((I didn’t know what it was... We self-medicated at home... He was 11 months old at the time. The first night he vomited, then vomiting and diarrhea and fever. .. They tormented his poor man for three whole days...((((((His eyes were already sunken... When my dad saw his condition, he immediately said: “To the hospital!” They were hospitalized. They treated for a week. Alhamdulillah1, everything ended well. ..

Dad | 03/31/2014

"Hospitalization to a hospital is mandatory in the following cases: repeated vomiting or vomiting combined with other symptoms (fever, loose stools) when children of any age refuse to drink);" And so it is with us. A 3-year-old child has been vomiting food eaten for the second day, incl. immediately after drinking water. That is, the child has not actually eaten or drunk for 2 days. I think there is no need to describe the condition. Temperature in the evening is 38.3, in the morning 37.5. Diarrhea. The teacher was called. pediatrician. She has arrived. I didn’t look at my tongue or throat. I didn’t listen to the lungs. Diagnosis of ARVI. Treatment scheduled. Gone. It’s clear that you don’t want to strain for such a salary and, probably, you can’t do it anymore. But I’m scared for my son. Again, take everything into your own hands and look for friends...

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