Sports games as a means of physical education, their features. Sport as one of the ways to develop a child’s personality

Influence sports games on the development of children.
In the general system of comprehensive human development, the physical education of a child occupies an important place. It is in preschool age that the foundations of health and physical development are laid, motor skills are formed, and the foundation for education is created. physical qualities. Children up to school age They enjoy physical exercise with great pleasure. They are especially interested in sports games (basketball, football, hockey, table tennis, badminton, etc.), as well as sports exercises (swimming, cycling, sledding, skating, skiing, etc.)
Sports games and exercises contribute to improving the activity of the main physiological systems of the body (nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory), improving physical development, physical fitness of children, and nurturing positive moral and volitional qualities. It is very valuable that sports games and exercises contribute to the education of preschoolers positive traits character, create favorable conditions friendly relations in a team, mutual assistance. They are held in summer and winter outdoors, which is an effective means of hardening the child’s body.
When teaching sports games and exercises in kindergarten It is necessary to develop children’s interest in physical education, as well as the need for independent exercise. Achieving this is not so difficult if the teacher truly deeply understands the importance of physical exercise for the child’s health and has the appropriate training for this. Playing sports in the literal sense of the word is not recommended for children preschool age. But elementary actions in sports games and exercises individual elements competitions are not only possible, but also advisable. The teacher must take into account that the content, methodology and planning of educational material on sports games and exercises have their own specifics. Their organization requires accounting age characteristics children, their physical development and physical fitness, the tasks of physical education of preschool children and the specifics of the work of preschool institutions.
The age characteristics and physical capabilities of children, the specifics of the kindergarten’s work determine both specific teaching methods and the form of conducting classes. It would be a mistake to allow in pedagogical practice, when teaching sports games and exercises, a patterned repetition of movements, a mechanical use of forms and teaching methods used in general education and sports schools, without due consideration of the tasks being solved with this group of children. Depending on the extent to which age characteristics are taken into account, the physical capabilities of preschool children, sports games and exercises can give different results in health, educational and educational terms.
An excellent feature of sports games and exercises is their emotionality. Positive emotional tone is an important prerequisite for health, warns various diseases, maintains interest in physical exercise. The joyful mood continues to possess the child even after the lesson. Children are interested in class when they are busy, when rest time does not exceed work time. Boredom comes when guys are left idle, when they are forced to perform monotonous, monotonous movements. A variety of exercises and games captivates children: they sometimes “forget” about time. Having experienced the joy and pleasure of the activity offered to them, they leave the lesson with the desire to continue it.
The game form of conducting classes is the basis of the methodology for teaching sports games and exercises. The lesson should go like this: entertaining game. Monotony and boredom should not be allowed; the movements and games themselves should give the child pleasure; Therefore, it is important that the lesson contains motor activities that are interesting for children, playful images, and unexpected moments. Teaching sports games and exercises proceeds more successfully when all general didactic principles are implemented. It is especially important to ensure the availability of educational material and an individual approach to children, since sports exercises and games are quite complex for preschoolers.
During games and sports entertainment, the teacher must know that the child’s psyche is unstable and easily vulnerable. Sometimes the most trifling word or remark may seem offensive to a child, he may burst into tears, lose faith in his strength, and this will push him away from this or that type of game for a long time. You need to point out your mistakes to your child very tactfully. Nothing strengthens self-confidence like intelligently expressed approval. Of course, those who succeed quickly should not be praised very often - they may become arrogant. But a kid who hasn’t been able to do some exercise for a long time, and then finally succeeds, should definitely be praised.

When starting classes, you should keep in mind that children are not the same in their physical development, character, and health. The load in games is dosed taking into account the individual and age characteristics and well-being of the child.
Preschool children tend to overestimate their capabilities and often play around (to the detriment of their health). Therefore, both learning the exercises and the game itself cannot be long: they must be alternated with rest. Games of great activity are replaced by calm ones.
It is better to underplay a little so that the game for the child is always tempting, attractive and not harmful to health.
The load during games should be distributed evenly across all muscle groups and increase gradually from year to year. Parents can and should help their child develop beautiful posture, teach them to breathe correctly, without holding their breath, in accordance with physical exercise, deeply and evenly. Inhale through the nose, exhale through the mouth.
Properly organized games and sports entertainment strengthen children's health, strengthen their body, help the development of the motor system, cultivate strong-willed character traits, valuable moral qualities, are a wonderful means of active and reasonable recreation.
The task of the teacher-educator comes down to inventing a fairy-tale game that explains sports movements. All this is connected with the development of the child’s intelligence and his ability to fantasize.

The formation of a child’s movements is carried out in accordance with the laws of the formation of motor skills. They conventionally represent a consistent transition from knowledge and ideas about an action to the ability to perform it, and then from ability to skill.
The effectiveness of teaching motor actions depends on the extent to which the objective sequence of actions and the corresponding components of the functional system as a whole are observed.
During the formation of motor actions, the initial motor skill arises. It represents an action that has not been brought to a significant degree of automation.

The most effective form of teaching preschoolers sports games and exercises is organized exercise during walks.
Sports games and exercises are primarily aimed at strengthening health, improving the overall physical fitness of children, and satisfying their biological need for movement.
The main goal is to familiarize children with sports games and exercises, laying the basics of correct technique. But under no circumstances should this become highly specialized training or preparation for participation in competitions. Real competitions; where the struggle is for points, for places, are an unbearable psychological burden for the child.
Distinctive feature playing sports games and exercises - their emotionality. Positive emotional tone is an important prerequisite for health, prevents various diseases, and maintains interest in physical exercise.
During class, it is very important to determine the optimal number of repetitions of the exercises so that children do not experience bad habits that interfere with further learning. If a previously well-mastered movement is used as a lead-in exercise, then it is enough to repeat it only a few times immediately before learning a new motor action.
Leading exercises can include:
1. Separate parts of the motor action being studied.
2. Imitation of the studied motor actions.
3. Directly studied motor action, which is performed under easier conditions. Such exercises are especially important when teaching new motor actions associated with the possibility of falling and injury.
4. The motor movement itself being studied, performed at a slow pace. When performing the exercise at a slow pace, it is easier for the child to control his movements and he makes fewer mistakes.
More complex actions of sports games can be learned in specially created conditions (outside the game). In this case, it is advisable to direct the child’s attention to the quality of the movement. In the future, you can complicate the conditions for performing actions and lead children to more difficult tasks.
The general requirements for a teacher are precisely expressed in the words of N.G. Chernyshevsky: “The teacher himself must be what he wants the student to be... or, at least, strive for this with all his might.” Children unconsciously tend to imitate the movements, demeanor, speech of the teacher, etc. A teacher must always remember that he is an educator - both in the classroom and in sports festival, and in tourist trip. He influences the child with everything: his worldview, appearance, manners, behavior, etc.
Sport exercises
1) in winter
- Sledding: it has a great influence on the physical impact and hardening of the child’s body. The environment, the content of games and exercises will encourage activity, independence, and initiative. Children learn to show will, overcome difficulties and obstacles, and help each other.
- Sliding along ice paths: Helps prevent diseases, strengthen the body's defenses, increase efficiency, organization, discipline, independence, activity and the manifestation of strong-willed qualities (courage, determination, self-confidence, etc.).
- Skiing: Tempers the body, gives vigor, increases performance and endurance. When skiing, all muscle groups work, breathing and blood circulation increase. Great dynamic work of the legs when skiing has a strengthening effect on the formation of a child’s foot, helps prevent the development of flat feet, promotes the development of spatial orientation, coordination of movements, and the prevention of colds.
- Ice skating: Strengthens the muscles of the arch of the foot, develops the vestibular apparatus..
2) In spring, summer, autumn.
- Throwing. Develops eye, accuracy, dexterity of movements. In addition to exercises in throwing at a target and at a distance, a number of exercises in throwing, catching, and throwing a ball are proposed for inclusion in classes. All these exercises develop the physical qualities of children.
- Walking and running. By the time children enter school, they should have mastered the most essential elements of walking and running. Walk and run easily while maintaining correct posture.
- Jumping. It is necessary to teach children to combine take-off and take-off when jumping.
- Climbing. Climbing, clambering, climbing are different ways to overcome obstacles. Climbing develops courage, coordination of movements, and helps overcome the fear of heights.
- exercises for balance. Balance depends on the area of ​​support, the position of the body’s center of gravity, the state of the vestibular apparatus, and the degree of tension nervous system. To make balance exercises more difficult, you need to gradually reduce the width of the support (board) and increase the height. For this, it is recommended, in addition to gymnastic benches, to have stepladders with a set of boards of different widths.
- Biking. Promotes spatial orientation, maintaining balance, and developing personal qualities..
- Swimming. Has a positive effect on the development of the cardiovascular system.
Preschoolers are taught to swim “front crawl”. Body position, leg movements, arm movements, and breathing are studied.
- Sports games on fresh air. “Race”, “who is further”, “Who is faster”, “Catch up”, “Snake”, etc.
In summer physical education classes must be dynamic and quickly change activities. The starting positions should not be stable, once and for all assigned to these exercises; they should be changed more often.
It is advisable to have a special physical training area on the site, equipped with all the aids necessary for the development of basic movements. It’s good to have large “Chocks” on the site - pieces of logs with a diameter of 20-25 cm and a height of 25-30 cm (25-30 pieces). Chocks can be used as a stand-alone tool, as well as in combination with slats, cords, etc.
- Riding a scooter.

Table tennis (ping pong).

In the general system educational work Preschool educational institution physical Raising children has a special place. As a result of targeted pedagogical influence, the child’s health is strengthened, the physiological functions of the body are trained, movements, motor skills and physical qualities necessary for the comprehensive harmonious development of the individual are intensively developed.

Used Books:

1. Glazyrina, L.D. Methods of physical education of preschool children / L.D. Glazyrina, V.A. Ovsyankin. - M.: Vlados, 2000. - 262 p.

2. Demchishin, A.A. Sports and outdoor games in the physical education of children and adolescents / A.A. Demchishin, V.N. Mukhin, R.S. Mozola. – K.: Health, 1998. – 168 p.

3. Emelyanova, M.N. Outdoor games as a means of developing self-esteem / M.N. Emelyanova // Child in kindergarten. - 2007. - No. 4. - P.29-33.

play activity: using the example of basketball">

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Velanskaya Elena Alekseevna. Formation of physical culture of schoolchildren’s personality in sports and gaming activities: the example of basketball: abstract of thesis. ... candidate of pedagogical sciences: 13.00.04 / Velanskaya Elena Alekseevna; [Place of protection: Moscow. ped. state University] - Moscow, 2009. - 24 p.: ill. RSL OD, 9 09-3/1493

Introduction to the work

The relevance of research due to the need to further improve the physical education of the younger generation. This is due to the fact that significant changes are taking place in the socio-economic, political and spiritual development of our state, giving rise to dialectical contradictions in the sphere of physical culture.

In this regard, there is a need to develop an innovative organizational and pedagogical model of physical education, aimed at developing the physical culture of the individual, which will provide wide open space to realize not only individual needs of a physiological, hygienic, preventive and therapeutic nature, but also the needs social activity, preparation for work, the use of physical and general creative abilities in amateur performances, satisfying aesthetic needs and culturally spending free time and introducing the individual to the team.

The problem of personal development and self-development is widely represented in modern scientific and theoretical research. It was developed by leading domestic and foreign scientists (A.N. Leontiev, V.V. Davydov, L.P. Bueva, L.S. Vygotsky, S.L. Rubinstein, D.B. Elkonin, Sh.A. Amonashvili, F. Baron, J. Guilford, G. Lozanov, V. S. Mukhina, K. Rogers, A. A. Rotenberg, K. W. Taylor, R. Torrence, V. Frankl, L. I. Umansky, etc.).

A significant contribution to the theoretical solution to the problem of the personal-activity approach to learning was made by the works of K.A. Abulkhanova-Slavskaya, B.G. Ananyev, R. Burns, A.A. Bodaleva, F.N. Gonobolina, V.V. Davydova, M.A. Danilova, L.V. Zankova, G. Zdravomyslova, I.S. Kona, A.N. Leontiev, B.F. Lomova, A.V. Petrovsky, K.K. Platonova, B.M. Teplova, S.L. Rubinshteina, M.N. Skatkina, T.N. Shamova, G.I. Shchukina and others.

Our analysis of specialized literature showed that methodological and methodological research in the field of the formation of personal physical culture is presented in the works of M.Ya. Vilensky, L.I. Lubysheva, V.I. Lyakh, L.B. Kofman, V.V. Prikhodko, T.V. Skoblikova, at other levels - in the works of V.K. Balsevich, E.Ya. Bondarevsky, V.A. Kabachkova, A.P. Matveeva, N.Kh. Khakunova, A.G. Komkova and others.

Despite fairly in-depth research and development of the methodological base (P.F. Lesgaft, V.U. Ageevets, V.K. Balsevich, N.N. Visitey, M.Ya. Vilensky, V.M. Vydrin, Yu.A. Gagin, G.G. Diligensky, S.V. Evseev, L.P. Nikolaev, N.I. Utisheva, etc.), the problem of the formation of physical culture of the personality of schoolchildren today remains acute and open.

The position of a new vision of the essence of physical education for schoolchildren was developed in the works of V.I. Stolyarov, V.K. Balsevich, V.P. Mochenov, L.I. Lubysheva and others.

\7 V

Sports and gaming activities are important element system of physical education and acts as a systemic phenomenon, the means and methods of which comprehensively affect the body and personality of those involved (Yu.I. Portnykh, E.M. Geller, Yu.G. Kodzhaspirov, V.P. Cheremisin, E.V. Koneeva ).

In the physical education of schoolchildren, outdoor and sports games perform several functions: - compensating: the game allows you to discharge excess nervous energy and strength accumulated but not spent in work; those. “relieve” the emotional and intellectual stress received by the child in previous lessons; restorative: at the same time, children are able to play even when tired; at this time, forces and properties that were not involved previously are updated in play activities, and thereby life balance is restored. Thus, it is the game that becomes a kind of doping for the accumulation of new vitality;

- anticipation(anticipation): in the conditional game situation various types of behavioral reactions are modeled, skills, abilities, and qualities that a student will need in a similar real situation are practiced (dexterity, eye, perseverance, etc.)

Systematic inclusion of schoolchildren in sports and gaming activities in groups extended day, during extended breaks, sections and circles, helps to optimize the motor mode, improve health, and increase mental performance. Important gaming tools are also used to develop schoolchildren’s interest in physical education and sports activities and to humanize children’s and youth sports. Game methods are used in corrective gymnastics classes with children of primary school age, to increase the level of knowledge of schoolchildren about ancient Olympic Games, shaping children’s behavior in the spirit of the principles of “fair play”, etc.

Sports and gaming activities help solve the complex important tasks in physical education and sports work with schoolchildren: satisfy their need for movement and stabilize emotions, teach them to control their body, develop not only physical qualities, but also mental and creative abilities, moral qualities, etc.

In connection with the above, the use of sports and gaming activities in the formation of physical culture of the personality of schoolchildren becomes obvious.

In light of the above, a choice of research topic was made, the problem of which is formulated as follows: what are the pedagogical conditions for the formation of physical culture of the personality of schoolchildren in sports and gaming activities?

The solution to this problem is target research. Object of study. Physical education of schoolchildren. Subject of study. Formation of physical culture of the personality of schoolchildren in sports and gaming activities.

Research hypothesis is based on the assumption that the effectiveness of the formation of physical culture of the personality of schoolchildren can be significantly increased under the following pedagogical conditions:

the basis for physical education of schoolchildren is a new content of education, focused on the development of the personality of each child; humanistic orientation of the school administration and teaching staff; program-targeted approach and optimal organization of basketball classes; pedagogical monitoring of the process and results of the formation of personal physical culture;

inclusion in the educational process of special research and development programs that ensure self-knowledge and self-development of the individual in the process of playing basketball;

a technology for the formation of physical culture of the personality of schoolchildren in sports and gaming activities has been developed and implemented; using her competitive potential, focusing on sports and personal self-improvement in the process of playing basketball, healthy image life.

Research objectives:

To identify the possibilities of sports and gaming activities in the formation of physical culture of the personality of schoolchildren.

To determine the content, structure, criteria and levels of development of physical culture of the personality of schoolchildren.

To substantiate the technology for the formation of physical culture of the personality of schoolchildren in sports and gaming activities (using the example of basketball).

To determine the set of means, forms and methods of forming physical culture of the personality of schoolchildren in the process of playing basketball.

To identify and experimentally test the pedagogical conditions for the formation of physical culture of the personality of schoolchildren in sports and gaming activities (using the example of basketball).

Methodological basis research constitutes a general scientific fundamental position about the individual as a self-developing system, about the activity-creative essence of the individual, about the unity of theory and practice, a systematic approach that actualizes the requirements for the formation of physical culture of the personality of schoolchildren in close connection with other components of its preparation.

Theoretical basis research revealed the fundamental provisions of domestic and foreign teachers and psychologists: about the essence and psychological characteristics personality and its development in activity (G.A. Asmolov, A.A. Bodalev, L.S. Vygotsky, A.N. Leontiev, V.Ya. Lyaudis, K.K. Platonov, etc.), personal-activity approach to the study of personality development (L.S. Vygotsky, V.V. Davydov, A.N. Leontiev, V.S. Mukhina, S.L. Rubinshtein, V.A. Slastenin, etc.), on the physical education of children school age (V.P. Filin, N.A. Fomin, A.A. Guzhalovsky, V.I. Lyakh, V.K. Balsevich, A.G. Komkov), about the formation of personal physical culture (M.Ya. Vilensky, L.I. Lubysheva, A.P. Matveev, N.V.

T.V. Skoblikova, etc.), about sports and gaming activities (Yu.I. Portnykh, Yu.N. Portnov, Yu.D. Zheleznyak, B.E. Losin, E.V. Koneeva, etc.)

The above goals and objectives, as well as the nature of the dissertation work, combining theoretical research and a description of the practical implementation of the subject of research, determined a complex of complementary research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of philosophical, psychological, pedagogical and special literature; survey, pedagogical observation, expert assessment, pedagogical experiment, control tests, methods of statistical processing of the results obtained; study and generalization of teaching experience.

Research base appeared at the Municipal Educational Institution Lyceum No. 17 in Kaliningrad, and the Secondary Gymnasium No. 73 in Vladimir. In total, the study had

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An experimental group of schoolchildren took part in the longitudinal study - 28 students from one class of Municipal Educational Institution Lyceum No. 17 in Kaliningrad, from 5th grade to 10th grade, including 16 girls and 12 boys aged 11 to 16 years.

Organization of the study provides three stages in solving the tasks:

First stage lasted from 2001 to 2004. At this stage, the selection and study of material on the research topic was carried out in the process of working as a physical education teacher. The effectiveness of physical education classes was studied, and a retrospective analysis of one’s own work experience was carried out. Special literature, physical education programs for schoolchildren, and plans for holding sports and mass events in schools were subjected to theoretical analysis. The purpose, objectives, subject, object and hypothesis of the study were formulated. Research methods were selected. A pedagogical experiment began.

Second phase- from 2004 to 2006 The level of development of physical culture of the personality of schoolchildren in the experimental group was tested. The experimental work and analysis of literature on the research problem.

Third stage- from 2006 to 2009 At this stage, the results obtained during the study were analyzed, the data of the pedagogical experiment to test the pedagogical conditions for the formation of physical culture of the personality of schoolchildren in sports and gaming activities were interpreted and subjected to mathematical processing. The main conclusions of the work were comprehended. The dissertation manuscript was completed.

Scientific novelty of the research is to develop a new approach to the formation of physical culture of the personality of schoolchildren in sports and gaming activities (using the example of basketball):

A model has been developed for the formation of physical culture of the personality of schoolchildren in the process of playing basketball, represented by operational, motivational-value and practical-activity components;

The pedagogical conditions that ensure
formation of physical culture of a schoolchild’s personality in sports and games
activities,

A technology for the formation of physical
personal culture of schoolchildren in sports and gaming activities;

A diagnostic technique has been developed for the formation of physical
students’ personal culture, with the help of which these levels were obtained
physical development, physical, technical and tactical
preparedness of schoolchildren over five years of basketball training.

Theoretical significance research is that the results of this work expand and complement modern ideas on the theory and methodology of physical education: identified

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activity and its possibilities in the formation of physical culture of the personality of schoolchildren; in substantiating the potential of sports and gaming activities, ensuring the formation of the main components of physical culture of the personality of schoolchildren.

Practical significance of the study is that the theoretical provisions and conclusions contained in it:

create the prerequisites for the formation of physical culture of the personality of schoolchildren in sports and gaming activities;

can be introduced into the educational process of physical education of students in schools of various orientations and types.

The practical significance of the dissertation work also lies in

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increasing the level of formed physical culture of the individual in individual components, which has personal significance for them, is confirmed by acts on their implementation in work practice educational institutions of various types.

Credibility the results obtained are determined by the adequacy of the application of research methods, analysis of the data obtained using methods of mathematical statistics, discussion of them based on modern pedagogical methodology and taking into account information obtained by other researchers.

Main provisions submitted for defense:

Sports and gaming activities are an effective means of introducing schoolchildren to physical education, instilling interest and need for these activities; creates conditions for the formation of the main components of the individual’s physical culture (practical-activity, operational and motivational-value components).

Basketball has excellent opportunities for shaping the physical culture of schoolchildren’s personalities: great dynamics, variety and naturalness of movements; collective action; competitive nature; continuity and suddenness of changes in game conditions; high emotionality; independence of action; ethics of the game.

3. Model of the formation of physical culture of the personality of schoolchildren in
sports and gaming activities (using the example of basketball) are presented
the following components:

The physical perfection of a person, which determines the state of his health,
psychophysiological and physical capabilities as the foundation actively
transformative socially significant activities, skills and abilities of playing
basketball, necessary and sufficient for this;

Activity approach, manifested in a wide range
educational, propaganda, organizational, instructor
judicial, self-improvement, self-development, self-education and
other types of activities during basketball lessons;

motivational and value orientations of the individual towards an active and positive attitude towards basketball, a formed vital need for it, a system of knowledge and beliefs that organize and direct the cognitive and practical activity of the individual.

4. The effectiveness of the formation of personal physical culture
schoolchildren in sports and gaming activities (using the example of basketball)
is ensured by the implementation of certain pedagogical conditions, namely:

Organizational - support for administration and teaching
school staff; program-target approach and optimal organization
lesson and extracurricular basketball lessons; pedagogical monitoring
the process and results of the formation of personal physical culture;

methodological - development of a program for teaching basketball at the lyceum; student-centered learning paradigm; Availability teaching materials And practical recommendations;

motivational - taking into account the characteristics and traditions of the school, the needs and interests of students; including them in basketball competitions and using their motivational and educational potential, focusing on sports and personal self-improvement in basketball.

5. The developed technology, which is a descriptive analogue
of this process, includes the purpose, content, step-by-step organization
educational process, means and methods of basketball, motivation, diagnostics,
is effective for solving problems of physical culture formation
schoolchildren's personalities.

Testing and implementation of research results. The main provisions of the dissertation research were reported, discussed and approved at meetings of the Department of Sports Games, Faculty of Physical Culture, Russian State University. I. Kant (Kaliningrad), Department of Sports Disciplines and Methods of Teaching them, Faculty of Physical Culture, Moscow Pedagogical State University, V International Scientific and Practical Conference “Organization of Physical Culture and Sports in the Conditions of Regional Development” (Kaliningrad, 2003), III international scientific and practical correspondence conference "Sports games in physical education, recreation and sports" (Smolensk, 2004), III international scientific and practical

conference “Europe and modern Russia. Integrative function of pedagogical science in a single educational space" (Kaliningrad - Warsaw, 2005), international scientific conference "Innovations in Education and Science" (Kaliningrad, 2005), VI international scientific and practical conference "Theory and practice of physical culture and sports in modern conditions education" (Kaliningrad, 2005), IV international scientific and practical conference "Sports games in physical education, recreation and sports" (Smolensk, 2006), I international congress "Terms and concepts in the field of physical culture" (Kaliningrad, 2005). St. Petersburg, 2006), the All-Russian scientific and practical conference “Training a teacher in physical education in the conditions of modernization of Russian education” (Moscow 2007), are reflected in ten publications of the author.

The dissertation is a manuscript with a total volume of 200 pages, contains 8 figures and 12 tables, consists of an introduction, two chapters, conclusions, practical recommendations, bibliography and appendices.

The introduction substantiates the relevance of the study, defines the methodological characteristics of the scientific research apparatus: problem, object, subject, goal, objectives, methodological and theoretical basis, methods and logic of the research, its novelty, theoretical and practical significance, the main provisions submitted for defense are formulated.

In the first chapter“Theoretical and methodological foundations for the formation of physical culture of the personality of schoolchildren” philosophical, scientific and methodological literature on the research problem was analyzed; the content, structure, criteria and levels of formed physical culture of the personality of schoolchildren are determined; the essence and content of sports and gaming activities in the physical education of schoolchildren are revealed; the possibilities of basketball in the formation of personality have been established; conceptual ideas defining the content and structure of the study are outlined.

In the second chapter“Pedagogical conditions for the formation of physical culture of schoolchildren in sports and gaming activities” the main research methods are revealed, the use of which made it possible to obtain objective and reliable results; the features of the organization of the study and its stages are shown; The results of the empirical part of the study are analyzed and discussed.

In conclusion, the results of the study are summarized, the main conclusions confirming the hypothesis are formulated, as well as the validity of the protected provisions.

Bibliography includes 200 titles, including 3 foreign authors.

In the application Additional procedural research material is presented.

Game sports as a means of a harmoniously developed personality for the purpose of further socialization and adaptation of the child in society.

When writing the work, I set a goal - to show the moral, aesthetic and social aspects team sports, their role in the formation of a harmoniously developed personality. In our time, physical culture and sports have acquired such social power and significance that they have, perhaps, never had an analogue in the history of society. And therefore, team sports in schools with disabilities are not only an effective means of physical development of a student, strengthening and protecting his health, an area of ​​communication and manifestation of social activity, a form of organizing and spending leisure time, but undoubtedly influence other aspects of human life: authority and position in society, which are very difficult for children after graduating from our schools, on work activity and value orientations. The ability to master game sports provides every child with impaired intelligence with the broadest opportunities for development, affirmation and expression of one’s own “I”, for empathy and participation in sports action as a creative process, makes one rejoice in victory, saddened by defeat, reflecting the whole gamut of human emotions, and evokes feelings pride in the infinity of human potential.

In our schools Physical Culture is considered as one of the most important means of education a full-fledged person, harmoniously combining spiritual wealth, moral purity and physical perfection. Work on oneself, great physical and volitional stress, the struggle for the best result in each lesson, for victory in the competition are perceived and comprehended with the help of the teacher. It teaches you to react adequately to defeats, failures, and success and is the link that helps you adapt painlessly to society after school. It is quite obvious that by engaging in team sports, a student first of all improves and strengthens his body, his ability to control movements and motor actions. But the teacher must lead the student to this understanding. It is very important. Back in 1927, Professor A.P. Nechaev wrote: “It’s time, finally, to admit that we cannot talk about complete education where there is no education of movements.” And sports play, without a doubt, is one of the main means of cultivating movements, improving their subtle and precise coordination, and developing the motor physical qualities necessary for a person. During classes, both in class and during after school hours, the student’s will and character are tempered, the ability to manage oneself is improved, to quickly and correctly navigate in a variety of difficult situations, make decisions in a timely manner, take reasonable risks or refrain from taking risks. All this will help children with disabilities build relationships in independent life after leaving school.

All of the above only confirms that the game thus gives children a very important skill. collaboration. Distinctive features gaming activity is usually seen in its voluntariness, in the high activity and contact dependence of the participants. But we must not forget something else: play is perhaps the only type of activity aimed at developing not individual abilities (for art or technology), but the ability to create in general. In intellectual games, the creative task is to quickly make a decision in non-standard situation. In role-playing games, construction games, dramatization games, the task is different, but no less creative - imagine, invent, depict. And at the same time, in all group games there is a single task - find a way to cooperate, interact towards a common goal, act within the framework established standards and rules. It is easy to see how important these qualities are - organization, self-discipline, creative initiative, readiness to act in a difficult, changing situation, etc. - for children who graduate from our schools, entering an independent life. /adaptations/

Sports games such as basketball, volleyball, handball, football are widely represented in our schools; in extracurricular physical education, sports and health work In addition to those mentioned, table tennis, badminton, hockey, tennis, bocci, etc. are cultivated.

Sports games are traditionally popular among all categories of schoolchildren, due to their diverse effects on the human body. As a meansphysical education (effective promoting harmonious development personalities) sports games have their own characteristics, Without taking them into account, fruitful pedagogical activity is impossible. The most typical of them are the following.

The complexity of the impact on the body of those involved(versatility of influence), i.e. e. simultaneous improvement of basic motor qualities (strength, speed, endurance, agility), body functions (breathing, blood circulation, etc.) and the development of vital motor skills. ByDue to the versatility of their effects on the body, they are an ideal means for developing vital skills and improving physical qualities.Sports games use a variety of movements and actions: walking, running, jumping, various throwing andblows on the ball (puck). The players strive, by expediently using gaming techniques together with their partners, to achieve an advantage over the opponent, who is actively resisting. Opposition from the enemy leads to a constant change in conditions when carrying out the planned actions of an individual player and the team as a whole, and a rapid change in game situations. The players face a wide variety of tasks that require timely resolution. For this it is necessary (indicators:an elemental set of game techniques (aspect of tactics);ability quickly and correctly assess the situation, select and effectively apply the optimal attacking or defensive action for a specific game situation (aspect of technology); specialqualities and abilities on which the effectiveness of directexecution of an action (requirements for temporal, spatial and power parameters of execution);in the shortest possible time to see the createdsituation (location of partners and opponents, position of the ball or puck), evaluateher, choose the most correct actions and apply them. All this can be accomplished if the players have certain knowledge, skills, abilities, motor and volitional qualities.

The motor skills of those involved in sports games are characterized by great mobility and dynamism. Players must be able to make accurate passes, blows on goal, throwing the ball into the basket in various ways and in a wide variety of conditions.

Collectiveness of action, a characteristic feature of most sports games. Important Feature sports games - complex collective tactical actions. Most types of sports are team games, and success in competition largely depends on the coherence of the actions of all participants. The difficulty of good interaction is that the game does not have a predetermined sequence of execution of games, techniques and a constant rhythm. In each game situation, the actions of individual team players will be different, but they must be interdependent and aimed at solving a common problem. Players are required to have maximum initiative, creativity and courage in order to coordinate their actions with partners and achieve success. Of great importance in collective game has mutual assistance between players. Timely and the right help partner - an important factor in achieving victory over the enemy. Both in attack and defense, helping each other, we must strive to create a constant numerical advantage of players over the enemy. Independence and initiative in choice game actions combined with tactical discipline create favorable conditions for the manifestationindividual characteristics of players. The sports team becomes an active factor in the formation of conscious discipline and collectivist qualities of the individual.

Education of the individual in the team and through the team. The main psychological attitude towards the game is the desire to completely subordinate one’s own actions to the interests of the team (even contrary to personal well-being, perhaps “to one’s detriment” in one way or another). I would like to note that it is very difficult to achieve positive results in children with disabilities in this area; this is one of the problems for the teacher. But in the absence of such an attitude, each team member cannot have a strong, coherent team as a whole, even if it consists of individually good technically, physically and tactically

trained players. The scope of gaming activities is determined by the relevant rules, violation of which entails various penalties. Players are forced not only to determine what technical technique and tactical action should be used inat the moment, but also remember the rules of the game. The second not unimportant problem on sports competitions, there remains an acute reaction of those involved in imaginary and real mistakes of sports judges. Here big role plays the personal example of the teacher. His correct and friendly attitude towards the judges, lack external manifestations irritation due to possible errors - all this contributes to the development of endurance, courage, and respect for the principles of sports ethics. Accessibility for children of different ages and abilities.

Sports games are a unique spectacle, on this basis, other sports cannot compare with them. The attractiveness and popularity of games lies in their accessibility and entertainment. This makes them an excellent means of attracting the general public to regular physical education.

And in conclusion we can conclude: Sports games are a very effective means of strengthening the health and physical development of those involved, therefore they serve as an effective means of physical education in a wide age range.

Thus, sports games contribute to the development of positive skills and character traits.

With the help of sports games, children are taught:

* the ability to subordinate personal interests to the interests of the team, * mutual assistance, respect for one’s partners and rivals,

*conscious discipline, activity as a team member, and in the future as a member of society, a sense of responsibility for the team and for loved ones, patriotism and pride in one’s city, one’s country.

Thus, game sports are a mandatory component for the preparation and adaptation of children with disabilities in society.

This article is for those who want to use physical activity for health benefits, but are lazy. Sport is one of the most important factors in common throughout life path. By sport here I will mean the general improvement of the body in order to achieve physical harmony. In addition to building muscle and lifting weights, this also includes yoga, qigong, wushu, swimming, running and other disciplines. The main thing is to make your choice and act.

Motivation

As with any endeavor in sports crucial has motivation. We must clearly remember the reasons that motivate us to play sports, then there will be no problems with starting. What motivates us to improve ourselves on a physical level? What reasons do we have for this?

Sports give: health, strength, endurance, flexibility, good figure, self-confidence and develops will. When you feel lazy, you just need to remember these incentives. Keep these motivating factors in mind. Can you remember them in order and think about whether you really want to be a healthy, energetic, strong and self-confident person? Do you really need a developed one? Or are you satisfied with weakness, passivity and lack of will? Let's try to consider all the motivating factors (reasons) for regular exercise in more detail.

Health

The fact that playing sports maintains and strengthens your health is an indisputable fact. A passive lifestyle leads to increased blood pressure, muscles weaken and are lost in fat layers, blood circulation slows down, bones become fragile, a person quickly gets tired and finds himself in a state of depression.

The “law of entropic dynamic equilibrium” applies here. A self-organizing system cannot remain at the point of absolute equilibrium for a long time. It either develops or degrades. To develop, the system needs constant influence from the outside. When, while playing sports, we influence our physical body with moderate exercises, we introduce a slight imbalance in order to gain development at a new level, which manifests itself in the development of muscles, endurance, flexibility, etc. Otherwise, degradation. However, if the influence on the system (our body) was excessive, it can lead to overwork and destruction. Therefore, exercise should be moderate. Don't push yourself to the point of exhaustion.

Playing sports gives you physical strength, endurance and flexibility. It is difficult to overestimate the influence of these factors on our lives. Physical strength is required to make any movement. If strength and endurance are insufficient, movements will be difficult, and in other cases will be simply impossible. If a person leads a passive lifestyle, even when young, it will be difficult for him, for example, to climb to the fifth floor on foot. What awaits him in old age? If the trunk muscles are weakened, even in sitting position the person may feel tired. On the contrary, a person who plays sports will remain strong and resilient even in old age.

Confidence and will

Regular exercise increases our self-confidence. Firstly, a strong and energetic person is better able to withstand any adversity of fate. He carries himself more confidently, commands the respect of others, and deflects the attention of bullies. Secondly, excessive thinness, decrepitude, plumpness and “vague” appearance make many people feel complex. Of course, we are not looking for reasons to brag, feed, etc. But given the reaction external environment, playing sports contributes to effective interaction with the people around us. Beautiful and healthy people add attractiveness to life itself. The topic of self-confidence is one of the main ones on the site; a separate section is dedicated to it.

If you decide to go in for sports and feel how laziness is starting to ruin everything, you need to remember about another extremely important “parameter” that we develop while playing sports. This - . When, despite laziness and resistance of the mind, we, under the influence of stronger incentives, still choose the right path and start studying, our willpower develops. Regular exercise is like a series of small victories over yourself. What can developed willpower give? It can also manifest itself in other endeavors of our life, which relate to such areas as: work, study, everyday life, etc. Willpower comes in handy in almost any activity. When it comes to action, no matter what the mind weaves, just turn it off internal dialogue and silently begin your studies.

If you have not previously exercised, it is very beneficial to start with group exercises or going to the gym. If you find it difficult to force yourself to exercise regularly at home, the gym is a great solution. All you have to do is show up. Then everything will go by itself. It’s simply difficult not to go to the gym, because... everything is there for classes. The gym has many different machines, each of which makes it interesting to test your physical abilities. When you come to a group or to a gym, looking at how people are working out and becoming stronger physically and mentally, it is simply impossible to be lazy. Among other things, a beginner often needs a coach who will tell you how to use your body correctly, what to focus on, how many approaches to perform this or that exercise, etc.

If you work out intensively in the gym for an hour or more, two or three visits a week will be enough for you. There is absolutely no need to pump yourself up to the level of a bodybuilder. If your goal healthy body, you don't have to become a sports fan. Professional sports are fraught with excessive stress and are unsafe for health. If you exercise on your own, twenty minutes a day of exercise is usually enough to keep you in good shape. You will determine the time and load yourself, depending on the desired result. I can also recommend walking on your own feet more often. If you are not late and there are only two or three stops to your destination, it is better to walk them.

When playing sports, it is quite interesting to observe the development own body how it gradually changes and transforms. Of course, this does not happen immediately, but here the development is much more noticeable than, for example, in such areas as, or. After just a month of regular exercise, you will be able to feel the changes. If you are on the path of personality development and self-knowledge, playing sports is simply necessary so that the body does not become an “anchor”. In the end, just remember that looking after the “temple of your soul” is your sacred duty.

Vladimir State University named after. A.G. and N.G. Stoletovs

Aleksandrova Olga Stepanovna, Candidate of Philosophy, Associate Professor of the Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, Vladimir State University named after A.G. and N.G. Stoletovs

Annotation:

Recently, sport has become an increasingly popular activity among people, but few people know about its main features. So the main goal of this work is to show how this area of ​​human activity can affect not only a person’s physical health, but also the formation of a highly moral personality.

In recent years, the sport is becoming more popular among people, but few know about its main features. So the main goal of this work is to show how this physical sphere of human activity may affect not only health, but also on the formation of moral personality.

Keywords:

physical Culture and sport; personal qualities; moral and ethical education; formation of will; process of self-realization; self-knowledge and self-improvement.

physical culture and sport; personal qualities; moral education; formation of will; the process of self-realization; self-knowledge and self-improvement.

UDC 796/799

IN modern world sport is an integral part of the lives of many people. Each of us has attended a training session at least once, or attended physical education classes at school, but not everyone knows about the intricacies of these disciplines. And in my work I would like to reveal one of the main directions of sports life.

In my opinion, a person should first of all care not about improving his body, but about the development and formation of a personality, which in turn will consciously care about the perfection of the body. Thus, playing sports serves the purpose of raising a harmonious person, and it does not really matter what type of sports activity this is.

The concept of harmonious human development, in addition to anthropometric data, which are largely determined by hereditary factors and are difficult to change for the better, should also include the unity, consistency and proportionality of “non-corporeal” qualities inherent only to humans (will, morality, aesthetics, intelligence). And all this in the aspect of the unity of spirit and body.

With this understanding of the harmonious development, the leading direction becomes the general orientation of the individual, understood as a need-motivational orientation within its framework of general culture.

Physical culture is the interaction of at least three human personality traits:

Correct value orientation in lifestyle;

A certain level of physical fitness and education

Having a need for regular physical exercise to active process self-improvement.

The most necessary condition for the free development and disclosure of one’s physical and spiritual strengths is the meaningful desire of each person to achieve physical culture.

Systematic sports activities have a beneficial effect on the development of such human communicative abilities as sociability, sociability, impulse for creativity, and independence in decision making.

Active sports is not a particularly long period in a person’s life. However, this period is extremely important, since it is during this period of time that the main formation of a person as an individual occurs. But it should be noted that the organization of sports activities should be under a reasonable, humanistically oriented, unified pedagogical management, and not be uncontrollable.

If this requirement is neglected, the sports team does not often form a positive life position of the individual. Often in such cases you are faced with corporate morality and a selfish mood. This mainly happens when sports mentors strive to educate primarily an athlete, not a person.

Among the wide variety of sports disciplines, multi-event and team sports deserve special mention. Nowadays, the first of them are becoming increasingly widespread, and the second are attracted both by collectivism and by the fact that in the process of gaming activity, anthropometric data are largely leveled due to the need for different roles and the improvement of the rules of competition.

In my opinion, in sports activities one can note a number of significant functions that influence the formation of a person’s personality:

Cognitive;

Information;

Aesthetic;

Regulatory;

Socializing;

Hedonistic;

Communication;

Educational;

Semiotic;

Recreational and health.

It is also necessary to highlight some qualities that are formed in a person in the process of playing sports: the joy of victories and the bitterness of defeats, the ability to learn a useful lesson from this, an increased sense of duty and responsibility to the team and society, understanding of one’s honor and dignity, participation and empathy, conscientiousness in the conduct of wrestling.

A specific feature of any sport is competition. They have a positive effect on the formation of personality. In sport itself, the building of relationships is prescribed, although the rules can be strict, most athletes still adhere to the rules of competition. This competition involves the need to obtain victories and gold medals, to reach heights, and to set new records. However, the beauty of sport is not only the competition, but also the influence on the moral and ethical education of the individual. After all, you can overcome your opponent and win not only through physical strength, but also through volitional efforts, reflection and instant reasonable decisions, as well as emotional mood And proper preparation to competitions. Nowadays, sport is an integral part of educating the younger generation. After all, sport gives a healthy generation, both physically and morally, and in return it requires only training and nothing more.

Sport also gives people confidence in themselves and their abilities. Every person, including an athlete, has a need to evaluate himself and his capabilities. All our actions are constantly evaluated by someone. From this a person develops a certain self-esteem about himself. Increasing the level of self-esteem affects volitional aspirations and goal building, fruitfulness, quality and usefulness human activity. How can an athlete demonstrate this? That's right, thanks to competitions. Consequently, sports results are the basis of an athlete’s self-esteem. We can say that as you move up the ladder of your sports career, you grow in communication with people and in other areas of life and activity besides the team.

Of course, victories bring a person an additional supply of energy and self-confidence, which has a positive effect on his entire life, especially in the process of developing an individual as a person. However, victory is not necessary to convince one of the superiority of forces over the opponent. Sports, awards, victories are a means, not a target.

Also, thanks to sports activity, a person’s intellectual abilities develop. It happens in the process creative search mastering techniques and tactics, the ability to manage your emotions, find instant decisions and make them. Consequently, a person has all this stored in his head, and at a subconscious level it manifests itself in his actions and behavior in social situations.

All this contributes to the development of depth, breadth, criticality, flexibility of thinking, as well as cognitive activity, which is greatly facilitated by the international nature and multi-contact communication in the field of sports.

If we consider from the point of view of aesthetics, then the main thing in sports is the knowledge of the beauty of the physique and movement, the demonstration of this beauty, the inexhaustible physical and spiritual capabilities of a person.

I.A. Ilyin, discussing beauty, writes that each person receives his bodily appearance not as something final and complete, but as a certain source material, the processing and formation of which is entrusted to his soul. Man is the creator of his body, and everything that he experiences in his soul is immediately and inevitably imprinted on his body and on his facial features. Therefore, internal ugliness can distort even the most beautiful face, and internal beauty can transform even the most unfortunate features. P.A. also wrote about the transformative effect of a person’s spiritual beauty on his physical appearance. Florensky, and other Russian thinkers.

Thus, in traditional Russian culture, the beauty of a person is determined by his spiritual development and the beauty of his soul, manifested in his external appearance and physical beauty.

The phenomenon of body aesthetics can be interpreted in three aspects:

The natural body is the biological body of an individual, subject to the laws of existence, functioning, and development of a living organism;

The social body is the result of the interaction of a naturally given human body with the social environment;

The cultural body is a product of the culturally consistent formation and use of the human body.

Also, in the context of understanding the aesthetics of the body, the concept of “bodily aesthetics” - “corporality” is formed. This concept refers to the body with its inherent motor activity and expressive forms of manifestation, as well as its beauty and grace.

By “body aesthetics” we can understand a set of sociocultural characteristics that are endowed with the physical figure of an individual in various historical eras. Along with the meanings of the body, certain sets of bodily practices are formed in various historical eras.

In terms of will, it is impossible to achieve a productive result in sports without overcoming a whole complex of both objective and subjective difficulties. Every day, hourly, showing intense struggle with oneself, there appears favorable atmosphere to create objective conditions in order to form such vitally important volitional qualities of a person as perseverance, determination, courage and determination, self-discipline and initiative.

It can also be noted that many people build relationships through sports, get to know other people and themselves. As a rule, the opportunity to express one's feelings comes to the fore. Moreover, sport also has important practical benefits: it reduces anxiety, tension and aggression in people, has a positive effect on human health, and influences self-organization. Sport is a kind of antidepressant that helps you forget about your problems at least for a while, unwind and simply relax, spending this time benefiting your body.

Of course, not all people have the opportunity to engage in professional sports, because some cannot overcome the required effort. But physical education classes in sections, gyms, clubs, etc. help the individual to resist certain life situations. After all, sport develops proper coordination of movements, fortitude, beneficial influence on the cardiovascular, immune systems and the body as a whole.

But no matter how much we talk about the beneficial effects of a sports lifestyle, many people believe that physical activity has no effect on human health, that it is a useless and pointless waste of time. Unfortunately, this opinion is wrong. It is regular loads, although not long in time, or not particularly difficult in terms of difficulty, that can maintain constant tone human body, strengthen muscles, health. Therefore, many women actively go to fitness centers and willingly play sports. Some of them want to lose weight quickly, while others want to maintain their figure perfect condition. But that's not the main thing. The main thing is that they know about the benefits of sports exercises and have set themselves some kind of goal, to which they are getting closer and closer with each lesson.

All people grow old sooner or later. They get bored of sitting at home, reading books and newspapers, watching TV, or conquering the vastness of virtual life.

Sport is the ideal way out that can come to their aid. It can be enjoyed at any age. In addition, it is especially useful in old age, when muscles work worse and bones weaken. Sport will also be pleasant for the soul. The most important thing is to choose the right atmosphere, as this affects your health and mood. There is no need to go to the gym. You can arrange a pleasant holiday for yourself at home.

To do this, it will be enough to watch training videos or read special books with exercises and methodological recommendations in order to correctly build your training schedule and get the greatest useful benefit from it. This kind of exercise will help prevent diseases, as well as prevent the development of depressive disorders in older people associated with the retirement crisis, etc.

Morning exercises provide 68% protection of the body from infectious diseases, resistance to stressful situations increases by 75%. And stress resistance in megacities is vital.

I believe that sport is without a doubt not only one of the most important aspects of strengthening and maintaining health, physical condition organism, but also a means of educating the individual.

Sports should start with early childhood. Nowadays, a huge number of methods and recommendations have been created for raising a child’s love for sports. And love for sports should start with family. On the one hand, this brings the family closer together, which influences the correct formation of personality.

Evening jogging, biking, skating, winter skiing, and you can list any sports that you can do with your family, which will directly influence the child’s consciousness, the development of his personality, but will also have a beneficial effect on the family environment. Sports strengthen family ties. This helps you feel more confident and comfortable. Doing it with your loved ones and family is the key to a good and favorable future.

To summarize my essay, I would like to say that physical education and sports are physical exercises, during which performance increases, thereby preventing various diseases.

So it would be worth thinking about building your whole life in a new way, based on regular physical education and sports. A person who leads a healthy lifestyle is a full-fledged and full-fledged member of modern society. On such a person can be built new country. These strong and healthy people will revive the country, rebuild it, thereby raising it to a sufficient height. After all, for such people no problems that come their way will become a hindrance. They will cope with them in one go, since they are physically hardened and mentally prepared.

The purpose of my work was to demonstrate the influence of sport on the formation of a comprehensively developed personality. And in my essay I prove this, that sport can be not only a means of promoting health, or a rational form of spending free time, but also significantly influence other aspects of human life: work activity, moral and intellectual qualities, and the formation of a person’s personality. It was also examined how physical culture and sports influence moral and ethical education, the process of self-knowledge and self-improvement, and the formation of will.

Every year the sport becomes more complex, smarter, more interesting, however, the active expression of interest in the sport is also increasing. This means that the share of influence of physical education and sports on the development of a person’s personality is constantly increasing.

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