Nutrition at the beginning of pregnancy. Dangerous foods in early pregnancy

The beginning of pregnancy is a difficult period. It is complicated because the woman begins to experience new sensations that she cannot always explain even to herself. And here not only the emotional and psychological background changes, but also the physical one. Are changing taste preferences, and at the same time ailments appear. It is very important to support the expectant mother during this difficult time and make the pregnant woman’s diet varied in the early stages, so that she and her baby get the maximum amount of nutrients from food.

The diet of pregnant women in the early stages should be balanced and completely exclude junk food. These include:

• all snacks (chips, crackers, etc.);
• sausages, sausages, etc.;
• instant food products of the “just add boiling water” type. These do not include all kinds of cereals and soups, especially if they contain dyes and preservatives;
• smoked products;
• products containing sodium gluconate (E576) and other harmful e-additives;
• carbonated and non-carbonated sweet drinks, coffee, energy drinks, alcohol.

The diet of a pregnant woman in the early stages should include meals 5-6 times a day. Food should be familiar to expectant mother, only with some features. First of all, foods containing calcium are introduced into the diet: hard cheeses, cottage cheese, milk, kefir and yoghurts homemade. The latter fight constipation very well, and this is important because, according to statistics, 50% of pregnant women suffer from digestive problems in the first trimester of pregnancy. It is also worth including foods containing manganese: eggs, turkey meat, oatmeal, raisins, bananas, almonds, carrots, etc. These two microelements will contribute to the fact that fertilized egg the membrane will form correctly and the placenta will develop.

In addition, do not forget about fiber, which is so necessary for pregnant women. Therefore, vegetables and fruits should make up 40% of the menu. Vegetables can be consumed either steamed, boiled or stewed, be sure to add a few drops of olive or sunflower oil. Salads from raw vegetables, seasoned with unsweetened yogurt or low-fat sour cream.

Fruits should be consumed with caution if you are prone to obesity, because... they contain a lot of sucrose and are quite high in calories. This is especially true for bananas and dates. Eat more green apples, pears, peaches and apricots. In general, doctors have long recommended eating more topics, which grows in the area where the pregnant woman lives.

In addition to junk food, expectant mothers should be careful when including strong allergens in their diet. This is due to the fact that in the future the child may be allergic to these products:

• red fruits, vegetables and berries. For example, apples, strawberries, etc.;
• citrus fruits: lemon, orange, etc. (the only exception is grapefruit);
• honey, chocolate;
• red fish.

The diet for pregnant women in the early stages should include those foods that the woman can eat. No matter how healthy carrots are, if they make you sick, then you shouldn’t come up with different variations with this product. You simply won't be able to eat it.

Crackers and sour apples help well. If you have morning sickness, then eat a few crackers without getting out of bed, and a little later have a calm breakfast, and the nausea should subside. Eating apples can be inconvenient, especially if you are going to a business meeting and toxicosis does not leave you alone. So make yourself some sour apples and dry them. The dryer is convenient to take with you and contains a lot of vitamins. It is also very useful to drink a lot of clean still water. During this period daily norm makes 8 glasses. The only exceptions are those women who are susceptible to edema.

If you don’t feel like eating at all, try to persuade yourself and your baby to eat what you like, but on the condition that it is not harmful. For example, if you enjoy eating nuts and don’t want meat, go with your body and make a vegetable salad with arugula and pine nuts. It's very tasty and healthy. And your baby will thank you.

The nutrition of a pregnant woman in the early stages can be combined into a menu of dishes that are steamed or boiled, and vegetables are served both fresh and cooked.

Approximate per day:

The first trimester of pregnancy is different special approach not only to lifestyle, but also to nutrition. Usually it is in the first trimester that a woman suffers from toxicosis. And just one glance at the food becomes a provocation of terrible nausea, and even a gag reflex. But you still need to eat. It is the first trimester that requires (not just asks) a carefully balanced diet from a woman. After all, the health and intrauterine development of the unborn child directly depends on this.

So, what should you give up, and what, on the contrary, must be included in the daily diet of a pregnant woman?

Fighting toxicosis through proper nutrition

If you properly organize your nutrition in terms of quality and quantity, then this can really become an effective weapon against the tormentor. What does that require?

1. Meals should occur at least five to six times a day, in small portions.
2. The first meal (crackers, crackers, kefir, etc.) should take place right in bed.
3. Between meals, you need to drink a lot of clean, still water, about two liters a day.

Only healthy and wholesome food

You should completely forget about hot dogs, quick hot sandwiches with all sorts of things, chips, French fries, smoked meats (both sausages and fish), marinades, fatty foods, sweet soda (especially Coca-Cola), and other products containing artificial dyes, including yoghurts. It is absolutely necessary to avoid any drinks containing alcohol: vodka, wine, champagne and various cocktails.

A pregnant woman should have steamed, baked, boiled and fresh vegetables, salads, meat, cheese, eggs, and fruits on her table. Greens must be present in every dish. Fish. We must not forget about her either. And we replenish calcium reserves by consuming dairy products, and of course, cottage cheese.

In the first trimester, you should be very careful when using foods that causing allergies, for example, to chocolate, citrus fruits, honey, and others.

If you want something...

Sometimes husbands suffer from the unpredictability of their pregnant wives. That's what she wants seaweed in the middle of the night, then give me a piece of fresh chalk. This should not be taken as a mental lapse. You just need to understand that in this moment her body requires iodine or calcium.

As a rule, in the first trimester, many pregnant women experience iron deficiency in the body. And iron is hemoglobin in the blood, which is vital for the transfer of oxygen to the tissues of both organisms, both the expectant mother and her fetus.

If the mother becomes anemic, the baby will be starved of oxygen. You can get iron by regularly eating red meat, fish, eggs (yolks), apricots, dark green leafy vegetables, and grain products.

Vitamin complexes are an integral part of a pregnant woman’s diet

Unfortunately, the current environmental situation is not conducive to improving the health of pregnant women. That is why, to improve your health, hold immune system, which weakens significantly with the onset of pregnancy, the doctor prescribes to the pregnant woman vitamin complexes. When selecting vitamins for a particular case of pregnancy, the doctor must take into account all the features of its course.

As a rule, these vitamin complexes contain all the substances that complement the diet - potassium, phosphorus, iron, vitamins B, A, C, E, and others. In addition to all this, these drugs will not contribute to a woman’s weight gain.

Pregnancy is not a sign that you need to eat for two

It is an absolute misconception when they say that now that pregnancy has occurred, you need to eat for two! No and no again. Except to overweight This will not lead to the future mother. To replenish all the energy that goes into the work of two organisms, you just need to focus on the quality and usefulness of food.

Remember Golden Rule pregnancy: it is better to eat often, but in small quantities. According to medical standards, on average, during nine months of pregnancy, a woman should gain no more than thirteen kilograms in weight. And yet, it is important to know that weight gain in the first trimester of pregnancy is absolutely independent of the woman’s diet.

You can’t fall into the opposite stupidity - sit on. Remember, pregnancy is not a season for experimenting with your body. Here you only need to think about the health and development of your unborn child. To get rid of fear, dial extra pounds, it's best to do it. These classes will be useful for both mother and her child.

Work on yourself

Of course, it is extremely difficult to take and rebuild yourself, your habits and passions at one moment. But no one demands this. The main thing is to make a decision, because all this is done for the future of a healthy and normally developing baby!

Therefore, after making a decision, you just need to start doing everything in the right direction. And then, very soon, a real miracle will appear in your home - healthy, strong, growing and making you happy. Your baby will definitely thank you for all your efforts with his good health and normal development.

Pregnant women are advised to adhere to proper nutrition in the early stages for two reasons. Firstly, a woman’s body needs microelements and vitamins. A balanced diet will become a source of useful components. Secondly, a young mother should monitor her weight. Due to hormonal changes, a woman can quickly gain extra pounds, which will increase the risk of complications and health problems. But what should the menu be like in the 1st–2nd trimester?

Main enemy

Only the lucky ones manage to avoid morning sickness. Most pregnant women do not wake up because of an alarm clock or sun rays penetrating into the room through loosely drawn curtains. No, they jump out of bed because of the urge to vomit and run to their earthenware friend. A balanced diet reduces toxicosis and protects a woman from exhaustion.

At morning sickness The menu includes salted crackers or kefir. Cookies can be placed on the nightstand to to the expectant mother I didn't have to get out of bed. Let your husband serve you a fermented milk drink. If there is no appetite, crackers are replaced with mint candy or some kind of fruit. For example, a banana, which contains a lot of potassium, which is beneficial for the cardiovascular system. Or an apple, a source of iron. The mineral will protect the pregnant woman from anemia and anemia.

Symptoms of toxicosis will decrease if a woman starts the day with a cup of green tea with lemon juice or a slice of yellow citrus. Exotic fruits in the first trimester rarely cause allergic reactions. The sour component starts the stomach and stimulates the production of enzymes, awakening the appetite.

Before going to bed, if you have toxicosis, you should eat a handful of raisins. Dried fruits normalize digestion, suppress nausea and saturate the body with useful microelements. They have a positive effect on the nervous system, improve mood and immunity.

To familiar products did not cause vomiting, the pregnant woman must follow several rules:

1. Take the first portion of food without getting out of bed. After a light snack, you need to lie down for 10–30 minutes so that the stomach partially digests the food.
2. Serve the food warm or cold. Hot breakfasts and lunches exude too much strong odors, which irritate and provoke toxicosis.
3. Solid food should not be washed down with tea, water or other liquid drinks. Otherwise, the components will mix in the stomach and turn into mush, which is very difficult to digest.
4. Coffee is replaced with mint tea. Firstly, the invigorating drink affects the nervous system, and in large quantities causes uterine tone, increasing the risk of miscarriage. Secondly, coffee irritates the walls of the stomach. Thirdly, herbal decoctions with aromatic additives suppress attacks of nausea and help the pregnant woman to cheer up and get ready for work.
5. The usual portions are reduced by 1.5–2 times. The less food, the faster it will be digested. And so that a pregnant woman does not suffer from hunger, she needs to add a second breakfast and a snack after lunch.

At frequent vomiting You need to drink a lot of water, otherwise the concentration of fluid in the body will decrease sharply. This is fraught with fainting, kidney and heart problems, as well as miscarriages. If the toxicosis is so strong that the woman is not able to swallow even small piece a piece of fruit or a cracker, a balanced diet will not help. The expectant mother will have to go into confinement and undergo a course of treatment.

Basic components

What micro- and macroelements are needed by a pregnant woman in the early stages? One of their main components is folic acid. The substance is responsible for the formation of the spinal cord in the fetus and prevents neural tube defects in the embryo. In case of shortage folic acid the child may develop serious abnormalities. For example, spina bifida.

To prevent abnormalities and pathologies, doctors prescribe vitamin complexes containing this component to pregnant women. But expectant mother may additionally consume foods rich in folic acid. These include:

• spinach;
• broccoli;
• lettuce leaves;
• oranges and grapefruits;
• Brussels sprouts;
• carrot;
• beet;
• beans and lentils;
• peas;
• strawberries and raspberries;
• avocado;
• celery.

Coffee and tea can be replaced with freshly squeezed citrus juice. Serve strawberry salad with beets and avocado for breakfast. Dine with boiled broccoli or Brussels sprouts, seasoned with kefir or Greek yogurt.

A young mother should not forget about fermented milk products. The fruit in the early and later draws a lot of calcium from the mother’s body, which it needs for formation and development skeletal system. Human body I have not yet learned how to produce this macronutrient on my own, so I must get it from food. Cottage cheese and hard cheeses can be sources of calcium, but not all of them are allowed for pregnant women. Varieties such as Camembert and Brie, as well as Stilton, are dangerous to the health of the mother and embryo. Mold contained in products causes listeriosis, which leads to pathologies in the fetus and early miscarriages.

You should not abuse fermented milk drinks, cottage cheese and cheese. Although the dishes normalize the functioning of the digestive tract, they contain a lot of calories. Dietary sources of calcium include:

• fresh basil;
• garlic;
• sprigs of dill.

To ensure that a pregnant woman has strong bones, hair and teeth, it is worth eating nuts and seeds. For example, almonds, sesame seeds, cashews and peanuts. Garlic will not only saturate the expectant mother’s body with calcium, but will also protect against seasonal colds.

In the first trimester, iron levels in the female body decrease due to hormonal changes. The mineral is responsible for transporting red blood cells and saturating the blood with oxygen. If there is a deficiency of the element, the fetus suffers from hypoxia. In order for the embryo to develop normally, the mother should include pork or beef liver, freshly squeezed juice or pomegranate fruits, a little dark chocolate and buckwheat in her diet.

You can get iron from dried fruits:

• dates;
• dried apricots;
• figs;
• prunes

Rich in the element almonds and hazelnuts. And so that useful component better absorbed female body, it should be combined with citrus fruits, rosehip decoction and other products that contain ascorbic acid.

Helpers for wellness

Omega-3 fatty amino acids have a positive effect on embryo development. They participate in the formation nervous system child and support the mother's immunity. Sea fish is rich in useful elements. Doctors recommend giving preference to mackerel, sardines, salmon or herring. Products must be fresh, no canned or smoked foods. The fish is baked or steamed until cooked, but consumed no more than 2 times a week. Fillet may contain heavy metals, which, if abused, do not have time to be eliminated and accumulate in the body, causing problems with the kidneys and other internal organs.

• white and red beans;
• raw pumpkin seeds;
• dried apples and apricots.

Pregnant women may experience constipation, flatulence, and stomach discomfort in the first trimester. The culprits unpleasant symptoms sweets, carbonated drinks, fast food, smoked meats and semi-finished products become. Of course, nothing bad will happen if a woman treats herself to a pack of ice cream or a chocolate bar, but you should always know when to stop. Vegetable stew will bring more benefits to a pregnant woman’s body, fruit salad or a handful of dried fruits.

If you are prone to flatulence, remove from the diet sauerkraut, sugar, potatoes and reduce the amount of legumes. Instead, wholemeal bread or a bran version, brown rice, turkey breast and beef are introduced.

The pregnant woman's body becomes more vulnerable due to constant hormonal changes, so mothers are advised to follow several rules:

1. Do not drink raw chicken and quail eggs. Do not touch half-cooked poultry. Salmonella can live in these products and is killed only at high temperatures.
2. Pork and beef steaks with blood, as well as kebabs, are prohibited. Poorly cooked meat may contain worm or tapeworm eggs.
3. You cannot cut a salad from raw vegetables with a knife that was used to cut up a chicken carcass a minute ago. The blade is first disinfected and then used for its intended purpose.
4. You need to carefully check the expiration date of each product. Do not buy dubious canned food, as well as meat, fish and cheese slices in vacuum packaging.

A balanced diet is very important for a pregnant woman. Any food that enters her body affects the development of the fetus and the health of the mother herself. The parent’s menu should contain only light and healthy dishes. No alcohol, coffee, fast food or fatty foods. If a woman follows all the recommendations, she will preserve her hair, teeth and figure and give birth to a strong and completely healthy baby.

Video: how to eat properly during pregnancy

What not to eat and drink during pregnancy - what foods and drinks are preferred for consumption by expectant mothers? In fact, there are practically no strict restrictions for pregnant women. You can eat everything, but some foods in moderate or minimal quantities. Let's start with what pregnant women shouldn't eat, or at least shouldn't abuse it, and for what specific reasons. ABOUT possible consequences We will also not forget to tell you about non-compliance with restrictions.

1. Liver. Not only are the by-products very fatty, that is, this delicacy can simply make the expectant mother feel ill, but it also contains a high concentration of vitamin A, which can have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. Therefore, pregnant women should not eat liver, especially in the first trimester of pregnancy, when the baby’s organs are just forming, and the expectant mother herself has any manifestations of toxicosis, which may worsen due to liver consumption.
However, this is not a product that pregnant women should absolutely not eat. Later, in the second and third trimester, liver can be consumed occasionally if the body tolerates it well.

2. Sausages. There are two reasons why pregnant women should not eat sausages, sausages and small sausages. To change their mind about eating them, many people only need to carefully read the fine print on the product packaging and find out its composition. This is far from pure meat. High Quality. And in best case scenario pork lard with beef, generously seasoned with salt, colorings and flavorings to make it more appetizing. Such “meat” will not benefit the body. And the salt with which the sausage is stuffed is harmful for the expectant mother. Because due to an excess of salt, a woman retains fluid in her body. Externally, this manifests itself as swelling. And blood pressure rises, and this is already dangerous. We'll save the sausage for the holidays, for salads.

3. Sweets. A pregnant woman should not eat them because chocolate, marmalade, cookies and similar treats are quickly digestible carbohydrates. All these products have a very high calorie content, but satiate the body and completely eliminate the feeling of hunger. short term. This forces a woman to eat sweets again and again. By the way, the same applies to super-calorie honey. It is, of course, useful, but in the amount of literally half a teaspoon. Our women love honey in sweets, for example, in baklava. And they gain weight very quickly during pregnancy due to their passion for sweets. Meanwhile, all these calories are deposited on the mother’s body and do not bring the slightest benefit to the unborn child. But it becomes more difficult for a pregnant woman to walk, tachycardia, shortness of breath, and pain in the back and lower back appear. And after giving birth with extra pounds It's very difficult to break up.

4. Lightly salted tomatoes, cucumbers, etc. All this is a source of salt, about the dangers of consuming large quantities of which we have already written earlier.

5. Alcohol. Adequate doctors always say that pregnant women should not drink alcohol at any time and in any quantity. Few expectant mothers have heard about FAS - fetal alcohol syndrome in the fetus. It occurs in most cases when taken simultaneously large quantity alcohol. The child may not only develop developmental defects as a result of such maternal libation, but also delay mental development, as well as typical manifestations on the face, by type genetic syndrome. And it is impossible to cure FAS, only prevent it by not drinking alcohol during pregnancy.

Meanwhile, the consumption of small doses of alcohol by the mother is also potentially dangerous for the fetus. It can provoke premature birth, placental abruption, and low intelligence in the child.

6. Tea and coffee. Many women consider these drinks unacceptable due to the caffeine they contain. But in reality, not everything is so scary. The level of caffeine contained in two cups of coffee is absolutely safe for an expectant mother. But 4 cups of coffee is already potentially dangerous. Pregnant women should not drink this much coffee.

If a woman regularly takes such a large amount of caffeine, the baby may be delayed intrauterine development. Such children are born weak and low birth weight. And here premature birth And caffeine does not provoke miscarriages.

Tea also contains caffeine in large quantities, but tea has almost no effect on the body, does not have an invigorating effect, since it is almost not absorbed from this drink.

Other products, such as chocolate, contain small amounts of caffeine. But in some medicines a lot of. For example, the headache remedy Citramon contains caffeine in high concentrations. Expectant mothers should not take it.

7. Sweet carbonated drinks. They are high in calories and have zero nutritional value. Lots of preservatives, flavors and dyes in the composition. If you really want fruit flavors, drink natural juice.

8. Narzan with high mineralization. Many of us think mineral water useful for the body. This is true, but only if it is chosen and used correctly. Narzans differ not only in their taste, but also in their composition. Some of them contain a lot minerals, salts, and therefore should be consumed in minimal quantities and only according to medical indications, usually in sanatoriums. The temperature of narzan also plays a role in its digestibility.
It’s just better to drink water with low mineralization. No more than 3 grams per liter (indicated on the label). This water will also help with heartburn.
But salted narzans, for example, “Essentuki 17” can provoke an increase blood pressure and swelling.

Did you know that certain groups of vitamins and microelements are important for each period of pregnancy? We'll tell you about balanced diet in the early stages of pregnancy.

If you did not adhere to proper nutrition before pregnancy, were frivolous with food, abusing fast food and processed foods, you urgently need to reconsider your habits. After all proper nutrition is directly related to the development of the baby in the early stages of pregnancy. In the first trimester, almost all organs and internal systems. In the future, only their growth, development and adjustment of body functions occur. During this period, the embryo develops into a fetus.

A balanced diet at the very beginning of pregnancy (up to 10-12 weeks) is necessary to provide for the mother and the baby’s body useful vitamins and microelements. The use of these substances allows the baby to grow and develop harmoniously. A well-designed diet will help his mother avoid problems with digestive system and other organs, and also not to gain excess weight.

Often nutrition during pregnancy early stage may be accompanied by unusual gastronomic preferences. Food choices and food combinations can seem quite strange. But there is an explanation for this. It is believed that in this way the body gives a signal about a lack of certain vitamins or microelements. For example, I wanted seaweed - there is a lack of iodine in the body, pickles- you need to replenish your supply of vitamin C, craving fish - lack of vitamin B1, bananas - potassium and vitamin B6, etc.

When developing a menu for yourself at the beginning of pregnancy, remember that meals should be fractional, the products should always be fresh. If you really want something, don't ask yourself strict prohibitions. Sometimes, but not often, you can treat yourself to a cup of coffee or chocolate. After all emotional condition The expectant mother also affects the baby’s mood.

Nutrition in the first month of pregnancy

Start obstetric period pregnancy is not the time of conception, but the first day of the last menstruation. Therefore, your diet in the first two weeks of pregnancy was unlikely to differ from your usual diet. Although this period is very important for the development of the baby. During pregnancy planning, it is necessary to increase the amount of folic acid, which ensures the necessary speed of embryo development and minimizes the risk of development in the child birth defects. In the first days of pregnancy, it is imperative to include greens, lettuce, and grains in your diet.

Creating a menu in the first weeks and months of pregnancy is a complex process, since every week the embryo grows and develops new organs and systems. And this requires changes in the diet, adding new products containing certain useful substances, vitamins and minerals.

At 3-4 weeks, the placenta and membranes begin to develop, so during this period it is worth increasing the consumption of foods containing calcium and manganese. The menu must include dairy and dairy products, broccoli, green vegetables, as well as turkey, pork, oatmeal, raisins, carrots.

Toxicosis may begin from 5-6 weeks. If this trouble has overtaken you, then you should change your menu. Replace meat and eggs with vegetable proteins: nuts, legumes, and instead of milk, eat a few pieces of cheese or drink yogurt. To protect your body from dehydration, you need to drink more. To alleviate the condition, you can eat a handful of raisins at night.

Your doctor can advise you on how to eat during toxicosis in the first months of pregnancy.

Nutrition in the first month of pregnancy: basic rules

Only a doctor can tell you how to eat properly for an expectant mother in the early stages of pregnancy. After all, each organism is unique and has its own characteristics. It should be remembered that during pregnancy there is a risk of exacerbation of chronic diseases, so if you have had problems with digestion, be sure to inform your doctor, who will create a special diet for you not only in the early stages, but also for the entire period of pregnancy.

To protect yourself from food poisoning, rapid weight gain, risk of developing pathologies in the fetus, it is very important to maintain proper nutrition throughout pregnancy, and not just in the early stages. The following recommendations will be useful for expectant mothers:

• choose cheeses made from pasteurized milk, hard or processed varieties;
• try not to buy loose or sliced ​​products unless they are vacuum packed;
• It is better to refrain from eating dishes with raw fish and seafood;
• It is recommended to consume meat and fish after heat treatment;
• wash your hands thoroughly before preparing and eating food;
• Do not under any circumstances eat foods that have expired;
• maintain good hygiene in the kitchen (use different cutting boards and knives for meat, fish and vegetables, keep the refrigerator clean).

Listen to yourself, your body will tell you what to eat in the early stages of pregnancy, and your doctor will adjust your menu.