Preeclampsia during late pregnancy: symptoms and treatment. Gestosis during pregnancy: how to recognize and what to do

07.08.2019

Preeclampsia, or late toxicosis, – one of the most severe complications of pregnancy, characterized by disruption of the functioning of many organs. This pathology is very dangerous: according to statistics, it is one of the top three diseases leading to maternal mortality. For this reason, the occurrence of gestosis should be taken seriously and all doctor’s recommendations should be carefully followed.

Classification and severity of gestosis

Today there is several classifications of gestosis:

In combination with other diseases;
By stages of severity(mutually replace each other);
By time of occurrence.

In combination with other diseases:

Pure late gestosis(occurs against the background of the woman’s complete health and well-being, and is not combined with other diseases);
Combined gestosis: more severe form, because proceeds against the background of others serious illnesses(arterial hypertension, endocrine pathologies, obesity and others).

By stages of severity:

Hydrops of pregnancy: occurs when fluid is retained in the body, which is characterized by the occurrence of edema;
NephropathyI. This gestosis in pregnant women is characterized by increased blood pressure, edema and the appearance of protein in the urine. It should be noted that these signs do not always appear simultaneously, and only one of them may exist (for example, arterial hypertension);
PreeclampsiaI: characterized by increased intracranial pressure and changes cerebral circulation, which is manifested by headaches, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms;
Eclampsia: the final and extremely dangerous stage of gestosis, in the absence of emergency assistance, inevitably leads to the death of the mother and child. The woman’s condition worsens significantly, to the point of loss of consciousness, and severe convulsions begin.

By time of occurrence:

Early gestosis during pregnancy: occurs immediately after 20 weeks (usually at 22-24 weeks) and is more malignant, difficult to treat;
Late gestosis: occurs after 30 weeks (usually at 35-36), proceeds quite favorably.

Symptoms

Gestosis during pregnancy has different symptoms depending on the stage of the flow.

Hydrops of pregnancy

Signs of gestosis at this stage are manifested by edema of varying prevalence:

Mild gestosis: swelling of the legs appears (if you press on the front surface of the leg, pronounced pits remain - impressions);
Moderate degree: swelling progresses, spreading to the torso;
Severe degree: swelling covers a large surface of the body. General state women worsens, shortness of breath and tachycardia appear.

Nephropathy

Nephropathy in most cases occurs as a result of lack of timely treatment dropsy of pregnant women. This stage of gestosis manifests itself triad of symptoms:

Increased blood pressure;
Worsening swelling;
The appearance of protein in the urine(proteinuria).

Preeclampsia in the second half of pregnancy in the stage of nephropathy can include all of the listed symptoms or manifest itself with only one sign.

Preeclampsia

With preeclampsia, it begins to increase intracranial pressure, which is manifested by severe headaches, flickering of spots before the eyes, and severe weakness. If left untreated, this stage quickly progresses to eclampsia.

Eclampsia

With the development of eclampsia, it begins seizure attack, after which the woman falls into a comatose state:

First stage(20-30 seconds). Convulsive contractions of the muscles of the face and upper limbs appear;
Second phase(25 seconds). Cramps affect all muscles, including the respiratory one. Respiratory arrest occurs, the woman loses consciousness;
Third stage(1-1.5 minutes). The woman falls into a comatose state, the convulsions stop. When the patient regains consciousness, she does not remember anything about the attack.

Treatment

information Preeclampsia of any severity is dangerous for the course of pregnancy and the condition of the woman herself, so it is important to identify it in a timely manner and begin treatment.

Treatment of hydrops in pregnant women

Following a diet with a strict exclusion of salt, spicy and smoked foods;
Limit fluid to 1.5 liters per day;
removing excess fluid from the body(furosemide and others);
Drugs to improve placental function( , ascorbic acid).

Treatment of dropsy begins on an outpatient basis; if there is no effect within 10-14 days, the woman is hospitalized in the pregnancy pathology department.

Treatment of nephropathy

Treatment of nephropathy should be carried out only in a hospital setting:

Bed rest with complete exclusion of psycho-emotional and physical stress;
Following a diet with limited fluid and salt. Fasting days are recommended once a week;
Diuretics;
Mild sedatives ( , );
Antihypertensive drugs to lower blood pressure;
Consultation with a therapist, ophthalmologist, urologist.

If the condition of the woman or child worsens, or there is no effect from the treatment, early delivery is recommended, regardless of the stage of pregnancy.

Treatment of preeclampsia

Treatment of preeclampsia is carried out by analogy with nephropathy, but it should be borne in mind that causing pain to a woman can provoke an attack of eclampsia. For this reason, all manipulations, including injections, should be carried out only with anesthesia ( best option- nitrous oxide).

Treatment of eclampsia

Eclampsia is a very dangerous condition that can quickly lead to the death of the child and woman. Treatment should begin immediately and must be carried out together with resuscitators in the intensive care unit:

Introducing a woman into anesthesia;
Relief of seizures;
Administration of drugs to lower blood pressure;
Medication sleep for 1-2 days.

If there is no effect of treatment, emergency delivery is indicated at any stage of pregnancy.

Complications

important Preeclampsia – indeed dangerous pathology, in which sometimes doctors have to forget about the child and do everything to save at least the mother’s life. Preeclampsia in the second half of pregnancy is not a condition with which you should joke: severe forms (preeclampsia, eclampsia) can develop in a matter of hours and lead to extremely serious complications.

Possible complications of gestosis:

Premature termination of pregnancy;
Intrauterine growth retardation;
Premature abruption of a normally located placenta;
Kidney, heart, liver failure;
Heart attack;
Retinal detachment;
Hemorrhage in internal organs, including the brain (stroke);
Thrombosis of large vessels;
Cerebral edema followed by coma;
Fetal death;
Death of a woman.

Never refuse hospitalization if your doctor strongly recommends it: remember that your life and the life of your child are most valuable!

Preeclampsia during pregnancy is a fairly common complication these days - it occurs in every 3 pregnant women. This complication is also one of the top three causes of death for expectant mothers.

Systems and organs fail

Preeclampsia usually appears in pregnant women in the 3rd trimester, but occurs as early as 16 weeks interesting situation. In order to notice its development in time, the doctor weighs the pregnant woman at each appointment and measures her blood pressure. If her weight has increased sharply or the tonometer “gives” a result like that of a hypertensive patient, he may suspect something is wrong. Why exactly these signs can tell about the development of this serious complication? To understand this, you need to understand the mechanism of development of gestosis, or as it is also called late toxicosis.

Preeclampsia is a complication during pregnancy, in which in the 3rd trimester both entire body systems and individual organs can fail (or malfunction). They cease to fully perform their functions, which harms to the expectant mother and the baby. This, by the way, is the main difference between gestosis and early toxicosis, which occurs in the first trimester. After all, given the fact that this period can be painful for the mother, in general, it does not cause any physiological problems (unless severe dehydration occurs due to its fault).

Insidious disease

The insidiousness of late gestosis, which manifests itself in the 3rd trimester (after), is that on initial stages it is very difficult to detect. Yes and the woman before last moment feels good, even if the doctor found that her tests are far from normal. Late gestosis needs a long period to “come into its own,” then a confluence of circumstances will be enough for the complication to sharply worsen. The most problematic thing with late toxicosis is usually vascular system, there are often difficulties with blood flow.

What happens during gestosis? In the 3rd trimester of an interesting situation, the vessels of a pregnant woman, being under the influence of a number of substances secreted by the placenta, cease to be a barrier to their contents. Simply put, tiny holes appear in their walls, through which plasma protein and liquid are “selected” beyond their boundaries. They enter the tissue - it is this process that leads to the appearance.

Signs of late toxicosis

At the initial stage of gestosis, these changes are not visible to any person, but the scales will tell you about the problem - they will show the expectant mother that she has suddenly gained weight. Other signs of gestosis can also tell about unpleasant changes. For example, during a general analysis of a woman’s urine, it suddenly turns out that the liquid contains protein. This will happen because the blood vessels of the kidneys have also lost their integrity. And the higher the level of protein in the urine, the more dangerous this complication will be for mother and baby.

Due to the fact that the fluid has left the vessels, the body will be forced to increase blood pressure in order to continue to “move” the remaining fluid through the veins. This will lead to blood thickening, which, in turn, is dangerous because it leads to the formation of blood clots in the 3rd trimester. Progressive edema will become even more dangerous - after all, not only the body and limbs swell, but also the insides, including the mother’s brain. The latter can lead to a very dangerous phenomenon – seizures.

Unfortunately, it is simply impossible to completely recover from complications that occur during pregnancy. Treatment only partially normalizes a woman’s condition. If you do experience late gestosis during pregnancy, then be prepared for the fact that it will subside only a few days after birth. You can, of course, prevent gestosis, which is what doctors do. But it’s not a fact that this will help you: the fact is that little is known about the causes of the disease.

What is gestosis?

There are several types of gestosis. Depending on which of them is detected in a woman, we can talk about the severity of the complication. Essentially, these types are stages of disease development. So:

dropsy of pregnancy– from this stage everything usually begins. At this stage, a woman experiences swelling. The most dangerous thing is swelling of the placenta, because because of this the baby will not be able to receive oxygen in the required quantities, which will lead to problems in the development of the central nervous system.
nephropathy– the second stage of gestosis is characterized by malfunctions of the kidneys, which will cause a rise in pressure. Moreover, it will always be elevated. It is this stage of the disease that is most difficult to “return” from - it easily turns into preeclampsia. The development of nephropathy is possible at the beginning of the 3rd trimester of pregnancy
preeclampsia– new ones are superimposed on the signs mentioned above. Right now, a pregnant woman will find protein in her urine. During this period, she begins to experience headaches, vision problems and mental disorders may appear. Most often, this stage overtakes a pregnant woman in the 3rd trimester
eclampsia– it is the transition to this stage that can cause convulsive attacks in a pregnant woman. A stroke, heart attack, or pulmonary edema may occur. The fetus at this stage is in great danger - it can die or survive, but be born at the beginning or middle of the 3rd trimester of pregnancy with a “bouquet” of diseases.

Tell the doctor

No matter what trimester gestosis begins, it is important to consult a doctor for recommendations at the first suspicion of a complication. Do not listen to the advice of relatives and friends - self-medication can only provoke complications of gestosis, especially if you have already crossed the 3rd trimester.

Remember that now only a qualified doctor can help you, because your life and the health of your baby are at stake. In the initial stages, late toxicosis can be treated on an outpatient basis, but if the complication is severe, it can be admitted to the hospital. Drugs and procedures are prescribed to each expectant mother individually. Under no circumstances should you be embarrassed to tell your doctor about your suspicions - you are not in a position to be embarrassed right now. Better once again play it safe and get tested. If they confirm your guesses, know: gestosis cannot be treated at all, but medications can alleviate the condition of mother and baby. Sometimes, in addition to treatment, a pregnant woman is prescribed a salt-free diet, establishing drinking regime (800-1000 ml of water per day) and calm home furnishings

. It is important that the food consumed by pregnant women is rich in vitamins, proteins and minerals.

What medications are prescribed for this pregnancy complication? Doctors recommend sedatives to almost every expectant mother who has been diagnosed with gestosis in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. In most cases, these are products that were created on the basis of herbs, but if the stage is already severe, the pregnant woman will be treated using more serious drugs. In combination, a woman may be prescribed diuretics, medications that will reduce and improve blood flow. Remember that you cannot take medications without a doctor’s prescription! If gestosis in the 3rd trimester occurs against the background of a chronic disease, the doctor may recommend medications to relieve its acute phase. The complication in this case will be called combined. If late toxicosis develops in a woman who had no previous health problems, the word “clean” will be added to it. This is exactly the type of gestosis that happens to every fifth expectant mother.

Preeclampsia in the third trimester of pregnancy refers to dangerous conditions threatening the life of the mother and fetus. Develops in the second half of pregnancy, occurs with periodic increases in blood pressure, the appearance of edema and dysfunction various systems body, including hemostasis. If the first symptoms of gestosis are detected during pregnancy, immediate medical attention is recommended. Self-medication is unacceptable and can lead to maternal mortality, premature birth and miscarriages.

Reasons for the development of gestosis in the third trimester

The exact reasons for the development of gestosis in later difficult to install. Experts believe that the basis of this condition is hormonal disorders and immunological conflict between the tissues of the woman and the fetus. Preeclampsia occurs not only in mothers with concomitant chronic diseases, but also in relatively healthy pregnant women who do not have a history of any serious pathologies.

Preeclampsia occurs most severely against the background hypertension, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, biliary dyskinesia, endocrine pathologies. Women with such diseases should be attentive to their well-being, regularly measure their blood pressure, visit a gynecologist and other specialized specialists, and undergo laboratory diagnostics.

Regardless of the causes of gestosis, treatment is carried out in mandatory. If the doctor recommends hospitalization, do not refuse it.

The main symptoms of late gestosis

Characteristic signs of late gestosis:

dropsy- swelling is usually located in the legs, abdomen, arms and face;
increase in pressure;
detection of protein in urine;
weakness, increased fatigue.

In most cases, gestosis in the second half of pregnancy occurs with symptoms of nephropathy, which is characterized by the simultaneous appearance of edema, hypertension and proteinuria (protein in the urine). Placental insufficiency can lead to delayed fetal development and dysfunction of important internal organs. To avoid this, when the first symptoms of gestosis appear in the third trimester, it is necessary to receive comprehensive medical care without delay. In this case, fetal hypoxia and other dangerous complications will be avoided.

Extremely a worrying sign is a rise in diastolic pressure, which indicates a violation of the quality of blood circulation in the placenta and high risk development of fetal hypoxia.

Complication of late gestosis - preeclampsia

In severe forms of nephropathy in pregnant women, preeclampsia develops, which is characterized by serious disturbances in the functioning of the central nervous system and blood circulation. The classic symptoms of gestosis are supplemented by headaches, pain in the right hypochondrium, and uncontrollable vomiting. Possible development of renal failure, memory loss and loss of consciousness.

Many women in a state of preeclampsia note visual disturbances in the form of a veil and fog before the eyes, which indicate a disturbance in the blood flow of the blood vessels of the brain and retina.

If a woman with signs of preeclampsia is not treated urgently medical care, the pregnant woman’s condition will be complicated by eclampsia, which is often complicated hemorrhagic stroke, edema of the brain and lungs, placental abruption and the development of coma.

Symptoms of eclampsia

Eclampsia is a critical condition, which is accompanied by severe convulsions, hemorrhages in all internal organs and tissues and the development of a coma. Complications arise quickly, and there is simply no time to think about it. Due to severe complications of eclampsia (cerebral circulatory disorders, pulmonary edema, liver and kidney failure, retinal detachment), specialists must act quickly and professionally, saving the life of the mother and the unborn child.

A characteristic symptom of eclampsia is sudden loss of consciousness due to seizures. The muscles contract gradually. First, cramps of the facial muscles occur, which are followed by general spasm skeletal muscles, and then so-called clonic convulsions appear, covering the muscles of both the limbs and the entire torso.

There are usually several seizures. They are accompanied by temporary cessation of breathing, turning blue skin and mucous membranes, the release of foam from the mouth, as well as the characteristic dilation of the pupil. In this condition, a woman can bite her tongue and die from asphyxia.

Eclamptic coma ends safely with the intervention of specialists. The risk of complications, including death, is high. Sometimes eclampsia progresses right during labor due to active labor activity and insufficient anesthesia for painful contractions. Even after a successful recovery from eclampsia, the risk of developing dangerous cerebral hemorrhages, pulmonary edema and premature labor remains. Therefore, specialists should constantly monitor the woman’s condition. Due to prolonged hypoxia, it is possible that fetal death fetus

Principles of treatment of gestosis

The treatment regimen for gestosis in pregnant women is selected by experienced specialists based on clinical manifestations and with mandatory consideration of the gestational age. The woman is hospitalized and undergoes a series of diagnostic procedures to determine damage to internal organs, the degree of intrauterine suffering of the fetus, and identify the threat of miscarriage.

Outpatient treatment of late gestosis is possible only with a mild course of the disease, when the first stage of edema is observed. Severe gestosis, which is complicated by preeclampsia and eclampsia, severe nephropathy, requires urgent hospitalization in a hospital equipped with a modern intensive care unit and a department for children with varying degrees prematurity.

The main goals of treatment and first aid for women in a state of gestosis:

normalization of water-salt metabolism;
restoration of blood pressure indicators;
restoration of the cardiovascular and central nervous system;
prevention of complications, including placental insufficiency due to fetal hypoxia;
restoration of normal blood viscosity.

Introduction medicines in case of gestosis, it is mainly drip. Hourly urine output is monitored using catheterization.. Eclampsia requires artificial ventilation lungs against the background of adequate drug therapy. Diuretics are used to relieve swelling.

A severe form of gestosis requires constant monitoring by specialists and the woman being under the supervision of resuscitators. In some cases, hospitalization continues until delivery. Independent childbirth possible if the woman feels normal and there are no serious disturbances in the development of the fetus that occur in utero.

Early delivery is carried out in case of persistent nephropathy and lack of effect from treatment for 1-2 weeks, as well as with the development of eclampsia and complications that are accompanied by a threat to the life of the mother, expressed placental insufficiency and physical suffering of the fetus.

A complication of pregnancy, which is characterized by a triad of main symptoms: hypertension ( high pressure), proteinuria (protein in the urine), swelling (visible or hidden), called gestosis. According to statistics, in 20% of women expecting a child, this condition develops after 32 weeks of pregnancy (3rd trimester).

Causes

Late gestosis in pregnant women is called a disease of theories, since the exact causes of their occurrence are unknown.

The development of pathology is triggered by vasospasm, which is the beginning of an increase in blood pressure. As a result of these processes, the functioning of the kidneys is disrupted, which is why protein appears in the urine. An increase in blood pressure causes blood fluid to leak through the walls of blood vessels into the tissues, causing swelling.

There are three main versions of why late gestosis occurs during pregnancy:

Failure of brain functions. According to statistics, late gestosis is observed in patients who have experienced severe stress.
Endocrine disorders. During pregnancy, the level of hormones increases many times over, which provokes these symptoms.
Immunological reaction. In the third trimester, the immune system begins to produce antibodies, which often leads to vascular contraction.

There are certain factors that predispose to the development of late gestosis. The risk group includes pregnant women who have:

hereditary predisposition;
excess body weight;
bad habits;
chronic infections;
prolonged stress;
multiple pregnancy.

Stages

There are several stages of gestosis (late toxicosis). About severity this complication in the third trimester we can say, depending on which of them is identified in the woman. So, gestosis during late pregnancy develops in the following sequence:

Dropsy. From this stage the pathological process begins. A pregnant woman develops swelling, which is dangerous for the fetus. Due to edema, the child does not receive oxygen in full, which leads to the development of problems with the central nervous system.
Nephropathy. The second stage of the disease, which is characterized by malfunction of the kidneys. On at this stage A pregnant woman's blood pressure rises and remains high.
Preeclampsia. Protein is detected in the urine. A woman develops headaches, mental disorders, and vision problems.
Eclampsia. At the fourth stage pathological process A pregnant woman experiences seizures. The fetus is in great danger. The child may die, but if he survives, he will be born with a whole bunch of various congenital pathologies.

Symptoms

In most cases, gestosis in the third trimester of pregnancy is characterized by symptoms of nephropathy. Among them:

dropsy (swelling of the abdomen, legs, face, arms);
high blood pressure;
rapid pulse;
dizziness;
protein in urine;
nausea;
lethargy;
excessive sweating;
headache;
anxiety;
fatigue.

Why is gestosis dangerous in later stages?

Symptoms of gestosis at the third stage are dangerous for both the mother and the fetus. For a woman, this condition threatens:

Strong postpartum bleeding which lead to anemia.
The development of strokes or brain lesions that occur against the background of seizures.
Dropsy, which leads to pulmonary edema.
Irreversible kidney damage leading to kidney failure.
Visual impairment due to high blood pressure.

If the mother’s condition is serious, the child will suffer no less. The most dangerous complication for the fetus is its intrauterine death. This occurs as a result of hypoxia or deficiency nutrients due to severe intoxication. Also, gestosis in the third trimester is dangerous due to growth retardation, which threatens the child’s mental and mental retardation after birth. physical development.

Establishing diagnosis

The doctor diagnoses gestosis based on the results of several laboratory research. Among them:

Urine tests. Tests will show whether there is protein in the urine. General analysis will help distinguish kidney dysfunction caused by pregnancy from other diseases of the urinary system.
Blood fluid tests. They will help evaluate blood viscosity, hemoglobin levels, and liver enzymes. The results of these analyzes allow us to determine the stage of gestosis.
Fetal CT scan. The child's mobility is monitored, his heartbeat. Based on the indicators, fetal hypoxia is diagnosed.
Ultrasound with Doppler. Fetal blood flow in the vessels of the placenta and umbilical cord is assessed. The study helps evaluate the development of the baby in the womb.

Treatment

As a rule, gestosis in the third trimester is treated in a hospital setting under the supervision of doctors. The measures taken are aimed at getting rid of negative factors that may affect the development or life of the fetus. In severe forms of the pathological process, the woman will be monitored until birth. Main methods of treatment:

bed rest;
lung, balanced diet(food rich in proteins);
physiotherapy (magnetic therapy of the kidney area, galvanization of the collar area, electrosleep therapy);
medications;
early birth.

When the above symptoms develop, doctors decide on the advisability of delivery (natural or surgical) or prolongation of pregnancy. At the third and fourth stages of gestosis, with its positive dynamics, full-fledged therapy is possible right up to childbirth. due date. In a state of preeclampsia or exlampsia with negative dynamics of pathology, the most effective treatment are operative births ( C-section). Drug therapy includes:

Group of drugs	Action	Name of drugs
Tranquilizers, neuroleptics, sedatives	Calming, relaxing	Relanium, Droperidol
Antispasmodics	Relieves smooth muscle spasms	No-shpa, Papaverine, Curantil
Tocolytics	Relaxation of the uterus, normalization of blood circulation	Magnesia sulfate, Partusisten
Antibiotics	Elimination intrauterine infection	Erythromycin, Sumamed
Hypotensive

The first months of pregnancy are most often accompanied by early toxicosis(preeclampsia). Nausea and dizziness are symptoms of pregnancy for many. This pathology is quite safe, but it should still be under medical supervision.

Late gestosis during pregnancy is a more dangerous disorder that threatens fetal hypoxia and premature birth. If your legs become swollen and the rings become small, be sure to check your urine for the presence of protein. Treatment of toxicosis in the third trimester is inpatient.

Causes of gestosis during pregnancy

The reasons for the appearance of signs of gestosis throughout pregnancy have not been precisely identified. Scientists offer at least 30 theories about the factors that provoke early and late toxicosis.

Modern gynecologists tend to trust the following versions:

Cortico-visceral. Toxicosis is provoked by disturbances in the functioning of the cerebral cortex and circulatory disorders. As a result of getting used to pregnancy, late gestosis develops.

The second theory connects gestosis with pathologies of the endocrine system. Due to a lack of hormones, malfunction of the adrenal glands, ovaries and pathology of the placental vessels, disruptions in the normal course of pregnancy occur.

Immunological version. Proponents of this theory see the root cause of gestosis in the mother’s body’s rejection of a foreign fetal protein.

Genetic. If the mother and grandmother had gestosis during pregnancy, there is a high probability of developing pathology.

Placental. Early gestosis Pregnancies develop due to insufficient development of the placenta and the entry of fetal waste products into the woman’s body.

Pathology also occurs in women who became pregnant before the age of 17, and who suffer from obesity, kidney and liver diseases. If a pregnant woman abuses alcohol and smokes, is often nervous or does not receive sufficient quantity vitamins, she will have complications.

Signs of gestosis in later stages

Preeclampsia, which appears at 30-35 weeks, has obvious signs. During an examination by a gynecologist, a woman’s legs and arms must be examined and her blood pressure measured. The main symptoms of toxicosis in late pregnancy:

Swelling of the limbs.
Constantly elevated blood pressure, increased by 20% of normal pressure women.
Detection of protein in urine (proteinuria).

All three symptoms practically do not occur; the presence of only one sign of gestosis indicates a pathological course of pregnancy. If there is an excessive increase in body weight in the first trimester, there is a risk of late toxicosis.

A severe form of gestosis is accompanied by fever, general weakness, headaches, nausea, swelling of the limbs, abdomen, and face. In this case, the woman needs urgent hospitalization and treatment.

Diagnostics

A pregnant woman must register and visit a gynecologist at least once a month. During the examination, the doctor notes any health changes and refers you for tests. The main procedures by which gestosis is detected:

general blood and urine tests;
weighing and measuring abdominal volumes;
examination of the limbs using pressure on the skin;
pressure measurement, comparison with initial values;
blood test for clotting.

If the presence of protein in the urine is detected, and the legs and arms become swollen, the woman is sent for a fetal ultrasound. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, it is necessary to undergo hospital treatment and also register with a neurologist and nephrologist.

How to treat late gestosis

Edema of the lower extremities cannot be ignored. Pathological condition disrupts the course of pregnancy and threatens premature birth.

Treatment of gestosis during pregnancy includes the following medical procedures:

Treatment regimen. A woman needs to spend more time lying down or reclining, resting and sleeping at least 8 hours a day. Stressful situations are excluded.

Correct diet. IN daily menu There should be dishes rich in beneficial microelements. Appointed vitamin complexes. The amount of fluid consumed is not reduced.

Drug therapy. The drugs are aimed at improving blood circulation in the uterus and placenta and lowering blood pressure. Diuretics are used in extreme cases: diseases of cardio-vascular system, swelling of the lungs.

Delivery. In some cases, there is no time to treat gestosis, and delay threatens the health of the mother and child.

Depending on the patient’s condition, the obstetrician-gynecologist determines the duration of therapy. If grade 1 gestosis is detected, the pregnant woman can stay at home, provide herself with bed rest and proper nutrition.

Medication

If a mild degree of gestosis is detected, a course of drug therapy is prescribed, which lasts up to 10 days. In case of complicated development of toxicosis, treatment is carried out immediately before delivery and can last from 5 hours to 4 days.

Drugs that will eliminate signs of pathology:

sedatives to calm the nervous system;
drugs that lower blood pressure;
a dropper with magnesium to eliminate seizures and lower blood pressure;
intravenous blood infusions;
antioxidants that protect the body from toxins;

During treatment, doctors monitor the condition of the fetus; if something threatens its life or health, an emergency caesarean section is performed. Childbirth naturally possible with the effect of therapy and sufficient intrauterine development baby.

Folk remedies for gestosis

Treatment of late gestosis at home is possible only in the first two stages of the disease. Folk recipes used in combination with drug therapy.

Herbal teas. It is beneficial to drink chamomile and mint tea throughout the day.

Decoctions from medicinal herbs. Pharmaceutical preparations that have sedative and diuretic properties are brewed in the following proportion: 2 tablespoons of herbs per liter of boiling water.

Tinctures. The medicine is prepared in water, with the addition of coltsfoot, rowan, mint, motherwort, plantain, geranium, and string.

Take prescriptions traditional medicine should be done with caution. Be sure to consult your doctor and monitor your health. In any case, the pregnant woman should undergo medication treatment.

Prevention of gestosis during pregnancy

Late toxicosis not only leaves the expectant mother uncomfortable, but also threatens fetal hypoxia and premature birth. To prevent gestosis and its Negative consequences doctors recommend preventive actions: you should not drink a lot of liquid, as well as salty foods; physical activity should be moderate; good sleep; balanced diet; provide calm pregnancy without stress and nervous disorders.

For correct flow During pregnancy, it is necessary to lead a moderately active lifestyle. Walk on fresh air, do gymnastics for pregnant women. Also strictly monitor your weight gain, weekly no more than 400 grams.

Complications and prognosis

Mandatory treatment of gestosis is associated with the possible serious complications it causes.

If you ignore the symptoms of dropsy, a woman will experience the following complications:

a sharp increase in blood pressure, coma;
intracerebral bleeding;
manifestations of respiratory failure;
rapid development of renal failure;
placental abruption, premature birth;
failure of the body's vital systems, coma.

Visual disturbances, up to complete loss of vision, are also observed. Deadly dangerous complications– HELLP syndrome and acute fatty hepatosis. Sharp abdominal pain, vomiting and nausea recent months pregnancy are symptoms of a dangerous condition.