Facial aging, or why do wrinkles actually appear? Why do wrinkles appear on the face? What causes wrinkles to appear.

Wrinkles... Philosophers consider them an honest seal of time, physiognomy specialists can determine character by wrinkles and even predict fate. Wrinkles can add wisdom and authority to a man's face - within reasonable limits, of course. But wrinkles have never made women more beautiful, at any age.

People have been waging a war against wrinkles for several centuries. The exotic methods used by our great-grandmothers have been replaced by the achievements of modern science. Now, in addition to plastic surgery, cosmetologists have at their disposal a sufficient number of non-surgical methods that allow them to smooth out any wrinkle without leaving a trace.

Wrinkles - what are they?

Cosmetologists classify wrinkles by depth and reasons for their appearance.

By depth:

Superficial(“epidermal”) wrinkles affecting the surface layer of the skin - the epidermis. These are small wrinkles, in some cases looking like a “mesh”. If there are many epidermal wrinkles, the skin takes on the appearance of parchment. The most common cause of superficial wrinkles is skin dehydration. Their appearance is also facilitated by thickening of the stratum corneum of the epidermis, caused by a slowdown in the process of exfoliation of the scales of the stratum corneum and the rate of renewal of its cells.
Medium-deep(“dermal”) wrinkles affect the middle layer of the skin - the dermis, and are a consequence of the further development and deepening of superficial wrinkles. Their appearance is primarily due to damage to collagen fibers by free radicals and a slowdown in its synthesis by fibroblasts.
Deep wrinkles- affect not only all layers of the skin, subcutaneous fatty tissue also plays a role in their formation. First of all, deep wrinkles appear in the area of ​​natural skin folds, for example, nasolabial folds. A major role in their occurrence is played by gravitational ptosis of facial tissues, when they droop under the influence of gravity against the background of weakening muscle tone.

The predisposition to the formation of deep wrinkles in a certain area is largely genetically determined and depends on the individual characteristics of the facial structure. However, the degree of their manifestation depends on the influence of the same negative factors that affect the appearance of superficial and medium-deep wrinkles.

For the main reasons for its appearance:

Dynamic wrinkles appear primarily as a result of regular contraction of facial muscles. They are also called "mimic". Facial expressions are a reflection of our emotions, facial movements are produced by the facial muscles of any person, but each of us has characteristics, including characteristic facial expressions. For example, many of us have the habit of often raising one eyebrow, frowning, or squinting. Moreover, people with such habits regularly grimace unconsciously, without noticing it. In those areas where such increased muscle activity is noted, the skin folds that arise during facial movements cease to fully straighten out by the age of 20 - dynamic wrinkles are formed. Most often, the first expression lines appear on the forehead. A little later - at the outer corners of the eyes. Around the age of 30, wrinkles form on the upper eyelids.

(age-related, gravitational). As a rule, they appear after 40 years. Unlike dynamic wrinkles, static wrinkles occur regardless of the work of facial muscles. Their occurrence is due to the processes of skin aging, both natural, age-related aging, and “artificial” caused by the effects of smoking, exposure to ultraviolet radiation and other negative environmental factors. As the skin ages, blood circulation slows down, the content of collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid decreases, which leads to a decrease in its elasticity and it becomes flabby. Facial muscles also lose their tone. Under the influence of gravity, facial tissues droop. Moreover, they fall unevenly, which leads to the appearance of static (gravitational, i.e., arising under the influence of gravity) wrinkles. Their appearance can also be provoked by poor posture, incorrect posture during sleep and other factors.

Wrinkles can also be combined- having signs of both static and dynamic.

Wrinkle correction methods

• Contour plastic surgery- the method is almost universal; using gels with different densities, it can be used to get rid of both superficial and deep wrinkles.
• Botox And Dysport- their introduction is the main method of combating dynamic wrinkles. By temporarily suppressing the activity of facial muscles, they affect the cause of their occurrence.
• RF lifting- provides a “lifting” effect, the skin area is reduced, which is especially pronounced in the neck and chin area with age-related wrinkles.
• Superficial peels- accelerating the renewal processes of epidermal cells, they prevent the appearance of wrinkles. When used, the microrelief of the skin is evened out and fine wrinkles disappear.
• Medium peels act deeper. With their help, you can remove medium-deep wrinkles, while simultaneously solving many other aesthetic problems.
• LPG massage allows you to improve blood supply to facial tissues, restore tone to its muscles (which is especially important for gravitational wrinkles), activate “youth cells” - fibroblasts, and increase their production of collagen and elastin.
• Biorevitalization. Skin loss of moisture is the first factor causing wrinkles. With its help, you can not only prevent the occurrence of wrinkles, but also eliminate existing superficial wrinkles.
• Biocybernetic therapy Beautitek Premium - a “lifting” effect provided by the normalization of facial muscle tone, visible immediately after the procedure. In addition, under the influence of microcurrents, microcirculation in soft tissues improves and the potential of fibroblasts is restored.
• Mesotherapy allows you to introduce into the skin the substances it needs. While not a method of “treating” wrinkles, it allows for effective prevention. Using this method, a cosmetologist can select the composition of the drug individually and introduce exactly those substances that are necessary in a particular case.
• Threadlifting with 3D mesothreads- the introduction of absorbable threads under the skin provides a “face-lifting” effect and smoothing out wrinkles by creating an internal “framework” that supports the skin.

How to slow down the appearance of wrinkles?

The main causes of wrinkles are:

• natural aging;
• skin aging caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation and other external factors;
• skin dehydration;
• excessive activity of the facial muscles;
• improper skin care (especially dry skin);
• smoking, other bad habits;
• features of the facial structure (for example, an incorrect bite can contribute to the formation of nasolabial folds and other wrinkles).

Prevention methods should be aimed at eliminating or reducing the impact of these factors.

Skin care. Home care products will not be able to give the same effect as professional care using Dermalogica or Natura Bisse, but they can be used daily, and this is very important. Cosmetics should be selected depending on skin type, age, and individual tolerance. Particular attention should be paid to its moisturizing effect.

Hydration. Exposure to a variety of external and internal factors leads to dehydration of the skin, including when taking diuretic medications, frequent water procedures without subsequent moisturizing of the skin. Moisturizing components in cosmetics are usually hyaluronic acid and its derivatives, elastin and collagen hydrolysates, ceramides, extracts of algae, aloe and other plants, essential oils, unsaturated fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, linolenic).

Stimulation. Most active ingredients included in home care cosmetics do not penetrate deeper than the stratum corneum of the epidermis. But now there are drugs whose components penetrate deeper, to the level of living cells. These substances can influence their production of collagen and elastin. These components include active forms of vitamin C, retinol, phytoestrogens, fruit acids, and some minerals such as copper and iron.

Skin protection. Protect your skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet rays, use sunscreen, and in the cold season, protect it from wind and cold.

Gymnastics for facial muscles. Before doing it, consult a cosmetologist. On the one hand, such training strengthens the facial muscles, improves blood supply to the skin, which is useful for the prevention of wrinkles. On the other hand, there are wrinkles that arise as a result of facial movements. If the set of exercises is incorrectly selected and there is a tendency to develop dynamic wrinkles, the effect of gymnastics may be the opposite of what was expected.

Relaxation. Notice how tense your face is when you are stressed. Such prolonged tension is not beneficial; it does not improve blood circulation, but on the contrary, blood stagnation occurs and tissue nutrition deteriorates. Learn to relax. Not only spa treatments provide a relaxing effect. Mastering psychological relaxation techniques, for example from auto-training or yoga, also has an effect. Regular training to relax the facial muscles leads to the fact that their tone is normalized, and the moment of appearance of dynamic wrinkles is delayed. In addition, the number of nerve impulses from tense muscles to the brain is reduced, which, in turn, has a positive effect on the nervous system as a whole.

Smoking etc. With age, all the vices and bad habits are imprinted on the face. Therefore, the sooner you begin to treat your body wisely and lovingly, the greater your chances of maintaining youthful skin.

Smooth and well-groomed skin is the main weapon of female beauty, the key to attractiveness and self-confidence. The appearance of unevenness and creases on it can permanently worsen the mood of the fair half of humanity at any age.

In order to maintain a young and attractive appearance for a long time, you should know why wrinkles appear and how to prevent or delay their occurrence.

Types of wrinkles and their classifications

There is no generally accepted classification of skin folds and irregularities, but cosmetologists and plastic surgeons identify different types of wrinkles on the face, neck, décolleté and hands to choose the right strategy to combat them.

Depth

• Epidermal superficial, affecting the upper layers of the skin;
• Medium-deep, penetrating deep into the dermis;
• Deep, reaching the deep layers of the skin and hypodermis.

Place of origin

• “Anxious” folds on the forehead - appear with frequent excitement and anger;
• “Angry” brow wrinkles are vertical wrinkles that appear when a person frowns;
• “Rabbit's feet” on the nose are folds that run from the wings of the nose to the cheeks and lower eyelids when you squint your eyes or frown.

Around the eyes:

• Crow's feet in the outer corners of the eyes;
• Folds on the eyelids;
• On the cheeks;
• Nasolabial.

Around lips:

Causes

Moments of manifestation

For each type, there are optimal options for corrective measures that will be powerless against other types.

Correctly determining the nature of wrinkles that appear is very important for choosing ways to combat them.

The main enemies of youthful skin

A decrease in the firmness and elasticity of the skin due to loss of moisture and insufficient production of its own collagen are the main causes of wrinkles on the face and other parts of the skin with a minimum amount of subcutaneous fat. Every day our skin is exposed to negative factors. Some of them can be eliminated, while others can be partially neutralized.

This is one of the factors that worsens the condition of the skin, which a person is not yet able to influence.

There is an opinion among scientists that the aging process of a cell is embedded in its DNA and starts at birth. With age, skin cells retain moisture less well and collagen production decreases. The skin becomes dry and flabby, loses its ability to repair itself, which causes wrinkles to appear.

The first age-related changes begin to appear after 25-30 years; by 35-40 years they are usually already visible to the naked eye.

At retirement age, this process reaches its peak, wrinkles become deep and persistent. The skin becomes thin and sags, the contours of the neck and the oval of the face change, the décolleté area and arms become covered with a wrinkled mesh.

Skin cells are 40-98% water. With its deficiency, the skin becomes dull, dry and brittle. Dehydration primarily affects the condition of the skin.

Violation of the drinking regime is one of the reasons why wrinkles appear on the face.

The skin may begin to peel and become covered with small cracks if the air is excessively dry. This problem is familiar to residents of megacities who live in apartments with heating. It can be solved by installing an air humidifier or the less expensive old-fashioned method of placing water containers in rooms near heat sources.

In youth, taking care of your skin does not require much effort. Its ability to self-heal allows you not to notice minor flaws in care or the wrong choice of cosmetics. However, with age, the factor of compliance with skin care rules becomes increasingly important.

Incorrect selection of skin care products, excessive use of decorative cosmetics, especially of dubious quality, and neglect of the rules of facial cleansing lead to dryness and flaking of the skin, and the premature appearance of wrinkles.

We advise you to definitely find a competent cosmetologist. The specialist will clearly explain what wrinkles occur in each age period, correctly determine the skin type and help you choose cosmetics that contain the nutrients necessary to combat age-related changes.

Fatigue and lack of sleep

In the modern pace of life, in order to complete all planned tasks, you often have to sacrifice time for sleep. Scientists have proven that lack of sleep has the most negative impact on all systems of the human body, including the condition of the skin.

The main processes of nutrition and restoration of the skin occur during dreaming hours. By depriving themselves of several hours of nightly rest, women trigger the mechanism of withering of skin cells, deterioration of complexion and increase in the depth and number of wrinkles.

An indirect factor related to quality sleep is the correct choice of sleeping position and the composition of bed linen.

It has been noticed that people who prefer to sleep on their stomachs, with their faces buried in a pillow, experience additional stress on their skin.

In the morning, you can find creases and dents on your face, which over time lead to the appearance of wrinkles in this place.

If you can’t avoid sleeping on your stomach or side, then at least choose pillowcases made of smooth silk fabrics. They have a less aggressive effect on the skin than coarse calico or linen.

External environmental conditions

Almost every day our skin is exposed to environmental factors - ultraviolet radiation, wind, frost or heat. The face and hands dry out, become chapped and cracked. The influence of the street can only be prevented by staying indoors around the clock.

At the same time, the lack of walks and fresh air is no less harmful to the body. Knowing the principle of the harmful effects of weather conditions on the skin, it is worth taking a responsible approach to minimizing them by selecting cosmetics with a protective effect.

What causes wrinkles on the face in the first place? The very first wrinkles to be detected at the age of 20-30 are facial wrinkles in the eye area, forehead and between the eyebrows.

Crow's feet in the corners of the eyes arise from the habit of squinting, which appears with poor eyesight or frequent exposure to bright sun without dark glasses.

Wrinkles on the forehead and
the vertical fold between the eyebrows becomes noticeable when excited or angry, as well as during anger or surprise.

Rich facial expressions reflect a person’s heightened emotionality. Actively contracting muscles stretch the skin, eventually leading to its deformation and the appearance of fractures. Before the next violent manifestation of feelings, remember what causes wrinkles and try to moderate your ardor.

Bad habits

Smoking and alcohol abuse greatly deteriorate the quality of the skin, promoting dehydration and cell death. Harmful substances contained in cigarettes and alcoholic beverages poison the body, accelerating the natural processes of aging.

Getting rid of bad habits will not only improve the condition of your skin and reduce the risk of wrinkles, but will also contribute to better health and overall appearance.

Prevention of wrinkles

Wrinkles, like any other problem, are easier to prevent than to get rid of them.

Following several important rules will help to delay the process of their occurrence or reduce its intensity:

1. Try to sleep at least 8-10 hours a night. Choose bedding that doesn't leave marks on your skin and try to sleep on your back.
2. Choose high-quality care creams that suit your age and skin type. A competent cosmetologist will help determine which area of ​​the face or neck is at risk for the rapid appearance of wrinkles. Try to choose products with UV filters that protect against exposure to sunlight, not only for going to the beach, but also in everyday life.
3. Don't forget to wash off your makeup before going to bed, but don't be too overzealous with cleansing your skin. Peels and aggressive cleansers should not be used more than 1-2 times a week.
4. Avoid frequent drinking and smoking. Eat a balanced and varied diet.
5. Drink at least 1.5-2 liters of clean drinking water daily.
6. Be in the fresh air more often, moisten and ventilate the premises in a timely manner.
7. Try to keep facial expressions under control, not giving emotions a chance to cause wrinkles.

Armed with knowledge of why wrinkles appear, it becomes much easier to combat their appearance.

The appearance of wrinkles always upsets every woman. The first small folds appear in places where the skin is thinnest. Many representatives of the fair sex want to get rid of the problem as soon as possible. You can fight the signs of aging both at home and with salon treatments.

The appearance of wrinkles on the face is associated with age-related changes occurring in the body. At the same time, skin turgor decreases. The epidermis becomes less elastic and loses elasticity. The first wrinkles appear at the age of 26. They are subtle and are characterized by slight grooves in the corners of the eyes. By the age of 30, wrinkles appear on the forehead, but they become noticeable only when moving the eyebrows and with active facial expressions. By the age of 40, the problem becomes more pronounced.

The main reason for the formation of wrinkles is a decrease in hyaluronic acid contained in skin cells. Additionally, the production of elastin and collagen, which make the epidermis elastic, is reduced. Provoking factors for the early appearance of wrinkles are:

• smoking;
• poor nutrition;
• hormonal imbalance;
• presence of chronic diseases;
• genetic predisposition;
• dry skin.

An additional cause of wrinkles is prolonged exposure to the sun, as well as a large amount of decorative cosmetics that are used in everyday makeup.

Types of wrinkles on the face

Wrinkles are classified depending on their location. They can appear in the following areas:

• on the forehead;
• around the lips;
• on the bridge of the nose;
• on eyelids;
• in the corners of the eyes;
• on the chin.

Wrinkles are also divided depending on the cause. They are:

• static - occur due to dry skin due to insufficient hydration;
• facial expressions - appear with active movement of the facial muscles during conversation, laughter, anger, etc.;
• age-related - occur due to hormonal deficiency after menopause.

The very first wrinkles may appear at the age of 20. This is due to the active work of the facial muscles. Emotional people develop small grooves before everyone else.

Why wrinkles occur - video

How to get rid of wrinkles on your face

Today there are a sufficient number of ways to get rid of wrinkles. Which one will be most effective depends on the age and depth of the grooves. Popular methods currently used:

1. Home methods for getting rid of wrinkles. This approach is used by almost all women because it is one of the most accessible. At home, you can use masks, peelings, nourishing creams, as well as traditional methods.
2. Surgical intervention. Used for deep wrinkles. In this case, the most often used method is to tighten the epidermis through a small incision. The effect lasts for many years, the appearance is literally transformed. The woman looks 7-10 years younger. However, the operation is very difficult and traumatic. Minor scars may remain at the suture site.
3. Salon services. Currently, the most effective way of rejuvenation is the use of laser, peeling and injections. Injections of hyaluronic acid and Botox are considered most effective in the presence of medium-depth wrinkles. The effect lasts up to 6 months.
4. Massage and special exercises. Facial gymnastics is used quite often and can be used both at home and in group classes. Massage, in turn, improves blood flow in the affected area, preventing skin aging.

Hyaluronic acid is similar in composition to the fluid found in the cells of the body. Injection of this substance slows down the aging process and improves the appearance of the skin.

The best way to get rid of deep wrinkles on the bridge of the nose, near the ears and in the neck area is a circular facelift using gold threads, which help stretch the grooves. This technique is safe, but the effect does not last long, since the skin is subject to repeated changes due to the aging process.

How to make your skin younger - video

Features of the fight against wrinkles at different ages - table

Ways to get rid of fine wrinkles

Getting rid of early wrinkles is much easier than getting rid of age wrinkles. Therefore, in this case, you can make do with home methods. At the same time, a combination of peeling and nourishing masks gives a good result. The most effective recipes:

1. Exfoliating peeling. You will need the juice of half a lemon. Squeeze it into a glass bowl and add 1 tbsp. l. olive oil. The resulting composition must be applied to cleansed facial skin with patting movements. After 5-10 minutes you can wash it off. During the procedure, tingling and slight burning may be felt. This is the norm. This is how fruit acid affects the skin. Peeling should be done once every 2 weeks.
2. Nourishing mask. You will need 1 tbsp. l. heavy cream. Additionally, you need to add 2 drops of ylang-ylang oil and 1 tsp. wheat germ. All ingredients must be mixed and applied to the face, leaving for 15 minutes. Then rinse with warm water. The procedure must be repeated 1-2 times a week.
3. Moisturizing and rejuvenating mask. You will need 1 tbsp. l. cosmetic clay, which must be diluted with warm water until the consistency of sour cream is obtained. Then add 1 drop each of lemon and orange essential oils. Mix everything thoroughly and apply to the face. Leave for 15 minutes and rinse with water. Repeat once a week.

Cocoa has a good rejuvenating effect. You can pour it with hot water to the consistency of sour cream and, after waiting for the mass to swell, apply it to your face. After 20 minutes, rinse with water.

Ingredients for products that help get rid of fine wrinkles - gallery

Lemon juice gets rid of keratinized epithelium Olive oil nourishes the skin Cream is an excellent base for nourishing masks
Ylang-ylang oil saturates the skin with beneficial elements Wheat germ oil prevents the aging process of cells Cosmetic clay contains a large number of substances beneficial for the skin Lemon essential oil tones the skin Orange essential oil helps eliminate keratinized epithelium

Methods for eliminating medium and deep wrinkles

Medium and deep wrinkles must be eliminated using more radical procedures. Biorevitalization produces a good effect. In this case, together with hyaluronic acid, a complex of vitamins is injected under the skin. The injections are performed with a small needle. Manipulations are performed by a specialist with a medical education. Immediately after the procedure, the face is treated with an antiseptic composition.

The effect of biorevitalization is to stop the aging of skin cells, thanks to their intensive rejuvenation with the help of hyaluronic acid.

Laser, acid and chemical types of peels also give good results. The first of them is the most effective. In this case, the doctor can use topical anesthesia to reduce discomfort from the procedure. During laser exposure, the skin heats up. The top layer is evaporated. At the same time, the epidermis is renewed. However, this procedure requires rehabilitation. The skin recovers within 1–2 weeks.

Chemical and acid types of peelings give results only in the presence of medium-depth wrinkles. The epidermis is exposed to acids and special chemical compounds, which lead to burns of the top layer. As a result, it peels off and new skin forms in its place.

Getting rid of age wrinkles

If this type of wrinkle is present, measures will be required to tighten the epidermis that has lost its elasticity. Currently, a non-surgical method of rejuvenation called Elos is very popular. At the same time, with the help of special equipment, two types of flow penetrate into the deep layers of the skin: light and electric. Cell stimulation occurs. Elastin and collagen fibers begin to be produced. The effect of the procedure is gradual. The result will be noticeable within a month.

If we talk about age-related wrinkles, the best way is a facelift. At the same time, you can effectively get rid of saggy and sagging skin and transform yourself literally in one approach. The operation requires preparation. It is performed under general anesthesia. Excess epidermis is pulled up from different areas (forehead, ears and chin) and cut off. Then stitches are placed in places invisible to the eye. Unfortunately, these types of surgeries also have side effects. If the surgeon is inexperienced, he may move the skin in the wrong direction, causing constriction, which will lead to distortion of facial features.

A surgical facelift allows you to get rid of age wrinkles in the shortest possible time.

Eliminating wrinkles at home

You can also get rid of age-related skin changes with the help of special facial gymnastics, which has become very popular today. It consists of the following exercises:

1. Place your index fingers above your eyebrows. In this case, they need to be slightly moved down. Then raise your eyebrows up, overcoming the resistance of your fingers. Do this 50 times.
2. Place your index finger on one corner of your eye and your middle finger on the other. Strain your eyelids, trying to squint your eyes. Do this at a fast pace 30 times.
3. Pull out your lips with a tube. Try to tense and relax them in this position. Total of 30 repetitions.

Gymnastics for the face. She demonstrated the effect of the exercises on herself and released a number of teaching aids.

Massage has an excellent effect on skin imperfections. It can be performed using special cosmetic oils (apricot kernel, wheat germ, peach). The massage does not have to be intense. All movements must be made along massage lines, stroking and lightly patting.

Exercises for wrinkles Carol Maggio - video

Proper nutrition to get rid of wrinkles

To slow down the aging process of the skin, it is important to monitor your diet. It is necessary to exclude everything that negatively affects the condition of the body and clogs the intestines. These foods and drinks include:

• semi-finished products;
• fast food;
• fatty meat;
• fried foods;
• soda;
• alcohol;
• baking.

The menu should include more plant fiber and natural vitamins. These foods and drinks include:

• fruits;
• vegetables;
• berries;
• freshly squeezed juices;
• dried fruits;
• nuts;
• cereals;
• mineral water;
• herbal teas;
• whole wheat bread.

To maintain the beauty of your skin, it is recommended to drink more clean water. It is best to drink it on an empty stomach in an amount of at least 1 glass. It is good to additionally consume wheat bran with kefir. They perfectly cleanse the intestines and help maintain youthful skin, as they contain a complex of beneficial vitamins.

Useful products - gallery

Fruits and vegetables saturate the body with useful elements Berries contain a large amount of vitamins Freshly squeezed juices support the immune system Dried fruits and nuts are an excellent substitute for sweets Cereals contain healthy fiber Mineral water cleanses the body of toxins Herbal tea speeds up metabolic processes Whole grain bread improves digestion

Prevention of wrinkles

To prevent new wrinkles from appearing on your face, it is recommended to adhere to certain rules:

1. Try to sleep in the correct position. If you constantly lie on your side, wrinkles appear near your nose.
2. Make nourishing masks from natural ingredients 2 times a week. In this case, you can use fruits, berries, oils and other useful ingredients.
3. Eat healthy foods. It is advisable to have as many plant ingredients in your diet as possible.
4. Exercise. You can run, swim or go to the dance section. Stretching exercises and yoga, which speeds up metabolic processes, are very useful.
5. Spend more time outdoors. Walking helps improve the condition of the body and skin.
6. Protect your face from ultraviolet radiation using special creams.

It is necessary to protect the skin from exposure to strong winds and temperature fluctuations. Constant visits to the solarium contribute to premature aging.

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We are in website We decided to figure out what habits provoke the appearance of wrinkles. If you change these behavior patterns, there is every chance to enjoy your reflection in the mirror and beautiful facial skin.

1. Craving for constant cleansing

Keeping your skin clean is normal. Especially if she is oily or combination type and is prone to acne.

But cosmetologists do not recommend using the scrub more than 2 times a week. There is also no need to wipe your face with lotion or toner every day. Such measures disrupt the natural environment of the skin, which reduces skin immunity and dries it out, and this is the number 1 reason for the appearance of wrinkles.

2. Sleeping face down on a pillow

Many people like to sleep on their stomach. But in this way we squeeze and mechanically damage the skin, and also disrupt normal blood circulation and deprive it of oxygen at night.

To minimize the risks, you need to choose a different sleeping position, ideally on your back with a small bolster instead of a pillow. This way, the skin on your face will remain soft and smooth longer, and your neck will remain taut. The second acceptable option is sleeping on your side.

3. Smoking

Perhaps explanations are unnecessary here. Nicotine and tar dry out the skin, and smoking is incompatible with the desire to prolong youth. However, cigarette manufacturers directly write about this on the pack.

4. Excess makeup

When a thick layer of makeup is on your face throughout the day, your skin can't breathe. For daytime makeup, cosmetologists recommend applying cream, tone and light powder to the face, and leaving the rest for an evening out. You need to apply cosmetics correctly, along massage lines, so as not to stretch the skin.

It is also very important to thoroughly cleanse your skin before going to bed.

5. Screen time

We spend a lot of time behind the screens of laptops and smartphones. But these smart machines are very harmful to our beauty, and first of all to our neck: wrinkles appear at the border of the neck and chin.

It is important to regularly engage in facial fitness and massage your face and neck. And also try to keep a right angle between your neck and jawline.

6. Seat under the heater

Heating devices and central heating are the enemies of our beauty in the cold season. They dry out the skin and hair and cause rapid aging.

The solution is to drink more water and use moisturizer.

7. Low-fat diet

Fats are important for the skin; without them, it becomes dry and ugly.

Fish, nuts and olive oil contain fatty acids that are responsible for the condition of the skin, and for the health of the body as a whole. They help absorb vitamins and nutrients and prevent dry skin.

8. Hot shower or bath

A long, hot shower or hot bath is wonderful relaxation after a hard day. But alas, all this can cause skin problems, including the appearance of wrinkles. Hot water deprives the skin of natural oils, reduces its protective properties, and it ages prematurely.

The solution is a warm shower or bath with a water temperature no higher than 40 °C. And if you have weak blood vessels, you can finish the procedure with a cool shower - this will restore balance and strengthen the skin.

9. Refusal of lenses or glasses for poor vision

People with poor eyesight constantly squint, and this has a detrimental effect on the condition of the delicate skin around the eyes and causes the appearance of facial wrinkles.

Don't forget to wear glasses or contacts, especially when working on a computer.

10. Squeezing pimples

We understand perfectly well that this should not be done, but we periodically violate the ban.

Not only is there a risk of infection, but also when squeezing a pimple, we injure the skin. Then a scar or small wrinkle may remain.

Why do wrinkles appear on the face? This question puzzles most girls, women and even men.

Provoking factors

What are wrinkles? These are folds of the skin (indentations, relief). They are longitudinal, transverse, oblique. The presence of such folds normally indicates aging of the body and withering of the skin.

Tissue aging is divided into:

• Age-related (physiological).
• Regardless of the number of years lived (pathological or early).

Why do wrinkles appear? External and internal factors contribute to the formation of depressions in the skin:

1. Excess UFL. This leads to the destruction of collagen and the development of rosacea (damage and fragility of capillaries). Excessive amounts of ultraviolet rays lead to peeling and thinning of the skin (photoaging).


2. Stress.
3. Physical inactivity, lack of oxygen, lack of walking.
4. Visual defects - a person winces, wrinkles form around the eyes.
5. Disease (endocrine pathologies, diseases of the liver and kidneys, stomach and intestines, including dysbiosis).
6. Incorrect use of cosmetics.
7. Excessive facial activity (professional in actors, announcers, habit of wrinkled forehead).
8. Extreme weight loss.
9. Strict avitamin or protein diets.
10. Ecology (dust and air pollution, exposure to low and high temperatures and wind on the skin).
11. Poor diet (abundance of meat, lack of vegetables and fruits, lack of water).
12. Individual characteristics of the integumentary tissue (dryness, hypersecretion of the sebaceous glands).

All of these factors are not causes of wrinkles, but contributing factors.

Reasons

The mechanism of aging under any negative factors is associated with a violation of the synthesis and maturation of collagen (a protein molecule, the main structural unit of connective tissue). And this is the main reason for the decrease in turgor, loss of elasticity and wrinkling of the skin.

Human skin is not a monolith. It consists of 3 layers:

• Epidermis (covering material).
• Dermis (collagen “lattice” of the skin).
• Hypodermis (loose subcutaneous tissue).

Today, scientists have come to the conclusion that the problem of tissue aging is associated not so much with a deficiency of collagen, but with a violation of its maturation and breakdown. The life of a collagen molecule consists of phases:

• Birth.
• Maturation (under the influence of various factors, including vitamin C).
• Maturity.
• Aging.
• Death (cleavage by a special enzyme - collagenase).

All processes of young integumentary tissue are in harmony: as many molecules of this protein are broken down by collagenase, the same number are born. But with age, this process is disrupted.

What causes wrinkles? Their formation lies in the violation of:

• Synthesis of protein molecules.
• Their destruction by collagenase.

Let's take a closer look at the main causes of wrinkles.

Collagen deficiency

With age, there is less young and mature collagen, and more and more old, but not broken down by a special enzyme, remains in the intercellular space of the dermal layer.

The process can be compared to the aging of a linen elastic band. It stretches and the elastic fibers break. The same thing happens in the dermis. After the age of 25, the body's production of collagen decreases. After age 40, it falls by 1% per year.

This means that by the age of 55, the body will have lost 15% of its ability to produce this protein. This process is inevitable, even if there are no negative factors that aggravate it (vitamin C deficiency, disruption of intestinal microbiocenosis, metabolic problems, etc.). Perhaps the decrease in collagen production is associated with the aging of fibroblasts, the cells that produce the main protein of connective tissue.

Under the influence of negative factors, collagen does not mature to the desired state. This means that the skin loses elasticity, stretches and forms early wrinkles.

In addition, with age, the body loses the ability of the antioxidant system to neutralize the effects of peroxide compounds (free radicals). These substances bind together collagen molecules, which lose their ability to dissolve. Such bound molecules are inaccessible to the digestive enzyme, so old, “worn”, outdated collagen remains “dead weight” in the dermis. The more dead (insoluble) protein “hangs out” in the interstitial space of the dermis, the more total collagen is determined in the skin. And the less young, useful (soluble) protein, capable of fully performing the functions assigned to it by nature, is found in the tissues.

Lack of hyaluronate and elastin

In addition to collagen, the dermis contains:

• Hyaluronate (hyaluronic acid).
• Elastin.

Hyaluronate retains moisture in tissues, elastin supports the skin's ability to stretch and contract. The closer to normal the content of these components in the dermis, the less wrinkles are formed.

Disruption of the capillary network

The skin is penetrated by ducts of sweat and sebaceous glands, lymphatic and blood vessels. The youth of the skin depends on the normal functioning of these structures. Some experts believe that many problems, including early tissue aging, are associated with disruption of the capillary network.

The death of microvessels leads to impaired nutrition of the skin, its acquisition of a gray and unhealthy shade, and dryness. The epidermis peels off, and depressions form in the skin.

If previously it was considered useful to treat the facial skin with deep tissue penetration agents containing collagen enzymes, today this opinion is considered incorrect. Such creams can accelerate the aging process of this protein and become a catalyst for early skin aging.

Species

Modern cosmetology distinguishes the types of wrinkles that form on the skin of the face and neck according to the factors contributing to their appearance:

• Mimic (related to the work of facial muscles).
• Gravitational (arising under the influence of gravity and due to sagging skin).
• Age (physiological, senile).

Folds are divided according to depth:

• On the superficial - such depressions affect the upper layer of the skin and appear in young girls and boys when the facial muscles work.
• For deep ones – age-related, gravitational ones. Each wrinkle forms not only on the surface (in the epidermal layer), but also penetrates into the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. The skin sags and becomes flabby.

The types of wrinkles on the face can be classified according to the place of their occurrence: Cosmetologists recommend monitoring your posture, changing activities without sitting at your desk, and changing your high sleeping pillow to a flat one at home. Why such measures? By adhering to these recommendations, it is possible to avoid the early appearance of “rings of Venus” around the neck.