Arterial hypotension and pregnancy (low blood pressure during pregnancy). Hypotension during pregnancy: what is dangerous and how to treat

Teenagers
06.04.2020

Hypotension is a decrease in the blood pressure of the body, due to a slowdown in the rate of blood circulation in the vessels. If the decrease in pressure is insignificant, then discomfort may not be felt, but with a decrease in pressure by 20% of the norm (normal 120/80), some autonomic disorders begin that pose a serious threat to the body.

Low blood pressure during pregnancy (or hypotension of pregnant women) is observed in many women in the first trimester and is a variant of the physiological norm. It significantly aggravates early toxicosis and is accompanied by dizziness, nausea, headaches and even fainting.

Sometimes a medical condition can cause low blood pressure. In such cases, the pregnant woman needs to undergo a comprehensive examination and a course of treatment that will prevent undesirable consequences.

Mechanism of low blood pressure during pregnancy

During pregnancy, many changes take place in the body. The hormonal background changes, due to an increase in the uterus and displacement of organs, the work of the circulatory system is disrupted. A woman begins to experience problems with blood pressure, which cannot be ignored, as they are always accompanied by severe symptoms.

Most often, during the gestation period, low blood pressure is observed. Hypotension of pregnant women can last quite a long time and often does not belong to dangerous pathological processes.

Especially often, low blood pressure makes itself felt in the 1st trimester. This is explained by a sharp hormonal change that affects the functioning of the vascular system.

If low blood pressure is accompanied by a slight malaise that does not bring much anxiety, then you can ignore the syndrome that has appeared. If the pressure indicators dropped to 90/60 mm Hg. Art. and headaches, vomiting and dizziness have joined the hypotension, you should inform your doctor about this.

Symptoms of low blood pressure in pregnancy:

  • dizziness, accompanied by darkening in the eyes;
  • chronic sleep deprivation;
  • lethargy and weakness;
  • shortness of breath and shortness of breath when walking;
  • ringing or noise in the ears;
  • depressed mood;
  • nausea;
  • vomit;
  • headache;
  • lack of coordination;
  • loss of consciousness.

The lower the pressure, the more acute the symptoms. Most often, malaise, due to low blood pressure, pregnant women feel in the morning.

Causes of violations

The reasons for this phenomenon are not fully understood. It is believed that the disease develops due to the fact that the activity of the neurohumoral apparatus, which regulates vascular tone, is disrupted.

Pathological hypotension is chronic and acute. The latter can develop due to vascular and heart failure.

In pregnant women, with sudden movements or prolonged standing, fainting and collapse can be observed. Hypotonic syndrome due to acute vascular insufficiency sometimes manifests itself in the supine position.

This only happens to expectant mothers. The reason for this is the syndrome of compression of the inferior vena cava.

Most often, the presence of such a syndrome is detected in late pregnancy.

This could be for a number of reasons:

  1. stress;
  2. response to hormonal changes;
  3. cardiovascular diseases;
  4. infections;
  5. significant blood loss;
  6. dehydration;
  7. physical inactivity.

As mentioned above, the main cause of low blood pressure in pregnant women is hormonal changes. Also, jumps in blood pressure are affected by the stress that the body experiences due to restructuring.

Most often, low blood pressure is observed in women who periodically suffered from hypotension before conception, as well as in those who have problems with blood vessels. With the advent of a baby in the womb, the volume of blood circulation increases significantly, since now it needs to be pumped for two.

Hypotension (hypotension) is a violation of blood pressure in the vessels. Arterial hypotension is, accordingly, a violation of pressure in the arteries.

The pressure depends on the heart rate. The prefix "hypo-" indicates insufficient pressure, that is, the blood in the arteries is not pumped as intensively as it should.

You can talk about hypotension if the pressure is 20% lower than normal. The norm is 120.80, and with indicators lower than 90.60, you should think about the presence of hypotension.

Symptoms of hypotension

Blood pressure is a measured value, it can be determined using a tonometer. If the device shows values ​​​​of 90 mm Hg systolic (so-called upper) and 60 mm Hg diastolic (lower) pressure or lower, then this condition can be called arterial hypotension or low blood pressure.

Arterial hypotension is very often manifested by fainting, especially in stuffy rooms. In general, we can say that people with low blood pressure react negatively to the slightest changes in the external environment - to changes in air temperature, humidity, stuffiness, as well as to various emotional stimuli.

By themselves, these signs are not symptoms that accurately confirm the presence of hypotension. Isolated cases of weakness or dizziness do not indicate low pressure. But if there are several symptoms and they are constant, then you should consult a doctor.

Types of arterial hypotension

Danger to woman and fetus

Low blood pressure is characterized by a deterioration in blood circulation in the placenta, due to which the child does not receive enough nutrients and oxygen. In the presence of severe hypertension in the first trimester, pregnancy may result in spontaneous miscarriage or fetal fading.

Low blood pressure in the second trimester increases the risk of fetal abnormalities. Often, due to delayed treatment of severe hypotension, a child is born with developmental disabilities. Also, hypertension at this time often becomes the cause of non-developing pregnancy.

In the third trimester, severe hypotension can lead to fetal hypoxia, as well as adversely affect the course of labor, since the woman is not able to push normally, and the uterus contracts slightly. Very low blood pressure is often an indication for a caesarean section.

Treatment of hypotension during pregnancy

Arterial hypotension is characterized by a decrease in blood pressure ≤100/60 mm Hg. (for women under the age of 25) and ≤105/65 mmHg. (over 30 years of age).

Synonyms

Arterial hypotension, hypotension, neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypotonic type, hypotension.

ICBI CODE 95 Other and unspecified diseases of the circulatory system (I 95.0–I 95.9).

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ARTERIAL HYPOTENSION DURING PREGNANCY

The prevalence varies widely - from 0.6% to 29.1%. During pregnancy, arterial hypotension is more often diagnosed at the end of the first trimester, less often at 17–24 weeks.

In 7.08% of cases, arterial hypotension during pregnancy occurs without pronounced clinical manifestations, however, a decrease in perfusion of various organs causes a greater number of complications from both the mother and the fetus.

Among the entire population, arterial hypotension is noted in 5–7% of cases, among pregnant women - in 10–12% of cases.

CLASSIFICATION OF ARTERIAL HYPOTENSION DURING PREGNANCY

Primary (essential) arterial hypotension manifests itself in two variants: ● physiological hypotension - a constitutionally hereditary setting for the regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure (does not manifest itself clinically); ● a disease with typical clinical symptoms (neurocirculatory asthenia).

Treatment of the compensated form is not required. Treatment of de-compensated forms of hypotension begins with the regulation of work and rest.

Night sleep is required for at least 8 hours and daytime rest-sleep for 2-3 hours. An effective remedy is physiotherapy exercises, morning exercises are very important.

Then tonic water procedures should be prescribed - a contrast shower, Charcot's shower. 4 meals a day are prescribed, with tea and coffee (but not at night).

In general, pressure should be measured throughout pregnancy, because such indicators can tell a lot about the course of pregnancy. Normally it should be 140/90. If it is higher or lower than 100/60, medical attention should be sought.

In everyday life, low blood pressure does not annoy a person, but during pregnancy the situation changes.

Medicines that people usually take at low blood pressure are absolutely unacceptable during pregnancy for the reasons indicated above.

Try to bring the pressure back to normal.

  • In the morning, after waking up, do not jump out of bed abruptly. Get up slowly, stretch.
  • Keep snacks close to the bed - fruits, crackers. You can eat something right in bed.
  • For nausea due to low pressure, lie down and lift your legs up, rest them on something.
  • Wear compression stockings - this normalizes pressure, prevents varicose veins.
  • Do moderate exercise - this stimulates muscle and vascular tone.

Make it a rule: eat right and systematically - little by little, but often. Hunger increases hypotension. If there is no appetite, eat at least something anyway - natural juices, dry biscuits.

Ordinary non-iodized salt will come to the rescue. There is a little secret here: you will feel thirsty, and the more you drink, the more blood circulating in the body becomes. People with low blood pressure are advised to consume up to 9 g of salt per day, while the rest have a norm of 6 g.

Your body also needs protein. Meat broth is the best option. But it should be remembered that excess salt can lead to edema.

Hypotension during pregnancy is a dangerous phenomenon that can cause many complications. If this disease has a severe course, then the body of the expectant mother is poorly supplied with blood, which is why the fetus receives less oxygen supply than necessary. This can lead to premature birth and even miscarriage. Why do pregnant women develop hypotension?

  • Causes of low pressure
  • Symptoms and complications
  • Treatment of the disease

Low blood pressure symptoms

Hypotension is often detected in pregnant women at the end of the first trimester. There are cases when it proceeds without any special clinical manifestations. However, we will list all the possible symptoms that may occur in pregnant women with low blood pressure:

  • lethargy;
  • apathy;
  • increased fatigue;
  • weakness;
  • reduced performance;
  • feeling of lack of air;
  • headache;
  • sleep disturbance;
  • irritability;
  • dizziness;
  • pain in the region of the heart;
  • hypersensitivity to loud speech, noise and bright light;
  • mood swings;
  • nausea;
  • pallor;
  • thermoregulation disorder;
  • periodic pain in muscles and joints;
  • mood swings;
  • fainting;
  • varicose veins;
  • rare pulse.

In almost all cases, low blood pressure is accompanied by painful symptoms:

  • Constant weakness and overwork;
  • Fatigue and drowsiness;
  • Cardiopalmus;
  • dizziness and nausea;
  • Noise in the ears and black dots before the eyes;
  • Regular headaches;
  • Loss of appetite;
  • Constant thirst;
  • blanching of the skin;
  • Depressive state;
  • Vomiting unrelated to toxicosis;
  • Bad smell of urine.

Due to the fact that blood circulation is disturbed, the feet and palms can become cold. Fainting is also possible, which is very dangerous for both the mother and the fetus. In addition, if there is toxicosis, then with a decrease in blood pressure it can be aggravated, which often leads to the threat of premature birth in the early stages.

Detection and treatment of hypotension

Hypotension in pregnant women should be treated under the supervision of a cardiologist. Basically, pregnant women need to carefully monitor their lifestyle.

  1. Food. Nutrition should be based on a large intake of protein foods. Large meals should be avoided. It is best to use a fractional system: 4-6 times a day in small portions. In the afternoon and in the morning, pregnant women are advised to drink strong tea, preferably green, and coffee.
  2. Complete rest. It is best to sleep 10 hours at night and a couple of hours during the day.
  3. Walks in the open air.
  4. Special gymnastics, which may include classes in the pool.

Pregnant women should not get involved in medicinal herbs and medicines. This can cause serious complications, especially since many of them should not be consumed in such a special position. You should not try any methods of treatment on your own. You should always consult a doctor.

In order to start treatment, it is necessary to correctly diagnose. In case of arterial hypotension, you should undergo a series of examinations with the following highly specialized specialists:

  • cardiologist;
  • ophthalmologist;
  • endocrinologist;
  • therapist;
  • neuropathologist.

First aid for fainting

Unfortunately, fainting during pregnancy with low blood pressure is not uncommon. In this case, it is necessary to help the victim as much as possible:

  1. First of all, a woman needs to be put on a flat surface.
  2. To regulate breathing, it is necessary to open windows for fresh air.
  3. A cold compress should be placed on the victim's forehead.
  4. Well improves the tone of the body lemon. You can give the woman a glass of cool water mixed with a few teaspoons of lemon juice. Or give a slice of fresh citrus.

If this is not enough, then you should moisten a cotton pad in ammonia and give the victim a sniff. As a rule, after all these events, the woman's condition returns to normal.

To prevent hypotension during pregnancy, you need to follow some recommendations:

  • If there are no contraindications, then you can do morning exercises, as physical exercise strengthens the body as a whole;
  • More often to be in the fresh air and go for evening walks;
  • Eat balanced meals often, but in small portions. Overeating is unacceptable;
  • Drink healthy drinks, but in moderation;
  • Avoid stressful situations;
  • If necessary, take vitamin complexes (as prescribed by a doctor);
  • A good prevention of hypotension during pregnancy is breathing exercises.

If a woman had arterial hypotension before pregnancy, then it is necessary to more carefully monitor her health and regularly monitor blood pressure. At the slightest change in pressure indicators, it is best to immediately consult a doctor, as he will be able to prescribe the necessary measures in time and give competent recommendations.

This will help to avoid a deterioration in the condition of not only the mother, but also the unborn baby.

Diet

During the period of bearing a child, the body most often knows itself what it needs to normalize the condition. Often pregnant women are drawn to salty or sour. This addiction is explained by the lack of salt necessary to maintain normal pressure.

A pregnant woman suffering from hypotension should eat about 9 grams of salt per day, as well as drink enough fluids.

Iodized salt should be included in the diet of pregnant women, it has a positive effect on the thyroid gland and eliminates circulatory problems.

Morning should begin with the use of cereals and dairy products. An important part of the nutrition of a pregnant woman is fresh juices and boiled vegetables. You also need to eat 4-5 walnuts a day.

A decrease in blood pressure during the bearing of a baby happens quite often.

Low blood pressure is perhaps one of the most common complaints among pregnant women. But gynecologists consider such a pathological condition to be the norm and take up the elimination of this problem only in especially severe cases.

But this does not mean at all that with low blood pressure, a pregnant woman should not consult a doctor. After all, despite the fact that hypotension during this period is considered a natural reaction of the body, it can also pose a threat to the life of the baby and the health of the mother.

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What indicators are the norm

Blood pressure is determined based on two indicators:

The norm of blood pressure varies depending on the age of the person and the individual characteristics of the organism. In men, pressure indicators are always slightly higher than in women, and in children it is lower than in adults.

For example, at the age of 10 years, the norm of blood pressure is 100/70 mm Hg. Art. From 16 to 20 years of age, the indicators increase slightly, namely: systolic 110–120 mm Hg. Art., diastolic 70-80.

The older a person becomes, the more blood pressure indicators increase, but in no case should it exceed 140/90 mm Hg. Art. With the exception of people over 60 years of age, since normal blood pressure at this age is 150/90.

The pressure during pregnancy very often deviates from the norm, it can be either high or low. Therefore, women need to conduct daily monitoring of blood pressure to avoid any complications.

Low pressure during early pregnancy worries expectant mothers much more often. With BP 100/70, a woman feels dizzy and constantly sleepy, all that is required during this period is more rest. If the indicators have reached the 90/60 bar, then the symptoms are significantly aggravated, you should report the problem to the doctor.

How BP is measured

For self-monitoring of blood pressure at home, it is best to use an electronic blood pressure monitor. This device allows you to determine the most accurate pressure results, without requiring special knowledge and skills.

The electronic tonometer has a digital display, which displays the indicators of systolic and diastolic pressure, as well as the number of pulse beats.

To measure pressure, a mechanical device is also used, consisting of several parts, namely: a manometer, a cuff with a hose, at the end of which there is a pear and a phonendoscope.

A mechanical meter, unlike an electronic one, has a more affordable price, however, in order to learn how to determine accurate indicators with it, you need to have not only theoretical knowledge, but also practical skills.

In order for the blood pressure indicators during the measurement to be accurate, the procedure should be carried out according to all the rules:

  • before measurement, it is necessary to be at rest for about 10 minutes;
  • do not drink drinks containing caffeine;
  • do not drink alcohol;
  • free your hand from clothing;
  • the arm with the cuff should not be suspended, but at rest.

The cuff should be fixed just above the elbow (about 3 cm) and ensure that it is above the brachial artery. After that, you need to comfortably put your hand on a table or pillow.

For an electronic device, preparations end here, you can start measuring pressure by pressing a special start button. The result will be displayed on the device screen.

If the device is mechanical, then after fixing the cuff, place the phonendoscope on the elbow bend and pump air with a pear until the arrow on the pressure gauge reaches 210 mm Hg. Art.

It is best to measure blood pressure with a mechanical device with outside help, since it is a little difficult to hold the phonendoscope and work with a pear on your own, which, moreover, can affect the results of the reading.

Mechanism of low blood pressure during pregnancy

During pregnancy, many changes take place in the body. The hormonal background changes, due to an increase in the uterus and displacement of organs, the work of the circulatory system is disrupted. A woman begins to experience problems with blood pressure, which cannot be ignored, as they are always accompanied by severe symptoms.

Most often, during the gestation period, low blood pressure is observed. Hypotension of pregnant women can last quite a long time and often does not belong to dangerous pathological processes.

Especially often, low blood pressure makes itself felt in the 1st trimester. This is explained by a sharp hormonal change that affects the functioning of the vascular system.

If low blood pressure is accompanied by a slight malaise that does not bring much anxiety, then you can ignore the syndrome that has appeared. If the pressure indicators dropped to 90/60 mm Hg. Art. and headaches, vomiting and dizziness have joined the hypotension, you should inform your doctor about this.

Symptoms of low blood pressure in pregnancy:

  • dizziness, accompanied by darkening in the eyes;
  • chronic sleep deprivation;
  • lethargy and weakness;
  • shortness of breath and shortness of breath when walking;
  • ringing or noise in the ears;
  • depressed mood;
  • nausea;
  • vomit;
  • headache;
  • lack of coordination;
  • loss of consciousness.

The lower the pressure, the more acute the symptoms. Most often, malaise, due to low blood pressure, pregnant women feel in the morning.

Fainting can occur with a sharp rise. Therefore, in order to avoid such a condition, it is recommended to get up slowly, first taking a sitting position, and then getting up on your feet.

Causes of violations

As mentioned above, the main cause of low blood pressure in pregnant women is hormonal changes. Also, jumps in blood pressure are affected by the stress that the body experiences due to restructuring.

Most often, low blood pressure is observed in women who periodically suffered from hypotension before conception, as well as in those who have problems with blood vessels. With the advent of a baby in the womb, the volume of blood circulation increases significantly, since now it needs to be pumped for two.

The heart and weak vascular system cannot cope with this task, against which low pressure occurs during pregnancy.

Also, the cause of low blood pressure during the gestation period can be:

  • immobility;
  • congenital or acquired heart defects;
  • physical fatigue;
  • hereditary factor;
  • infectious diseases;
  • allergic reaction;
  • malfunctions of the thyroid gland;
  • lack of sleep;
  • environmental factor;
  • vitamin deficiency;
  • irregular meals.

In the 2nd trimester, low blood pressure is often caused by iron deficiency. With the progression of anemia, by the middle of the term, hypotension develops, which manifests itself quite sharply.

In addition, pressure can decrease against the background of exacerbation of gastric and duodenal ulcers. Another reason is adrenal insufficiency.

Disturbances in the work of the endocrine system can provoke a decrease in blood pressure. Therefore, with the appearance of low pressure, accompanied by severe malaise, it is necessary to consult a doctor.

Danger to woman and fetus

Low blood pressure is characterized by a deterioration in blood circulation in the placenta, due to which the child does not receive enough nutrients and oxygen. In the presence of severe hypertension in the first trimester, pregnancy may result in spontaneous miscarriage or fetal fading.

Low blood pressure in the second trimester increases the risk of fetal abnormalities. Often, due to delayed treatment of severe hypotension, a child is born with developmental disabilities. Also, hypertension at this time often becomes the cause of non-developing pregnancy.

In the third trimester, severe hypotension can lead to fetal hypoxia, as well as adversely affect the course of labor, since the woman is not able to push normally, and the uterus contracts slightly. Very low blood pressure is often an indication for a caesarean section.

Pregnancy with the presence of hypotension is accompanied by the early onset of toxicosis and late preeclampsia - a pathological process characterized by a deterioration in the functioning of the kidneys, brain and blood vessels of the mother.

Severe low blood pressure during the period of bearing a baby increases the likelihood of miscarriage several times.

What to do

If low blood pressure occurs once and is manifested by mild malaise and drowsiness, then there is no need for medical treatment. If low blood pressure is permanent and causes a woman to feel unwell, you should consult a doctor to solve this problem.

Medications to regulate blood pressure are prescribed only if its indicators have fallen below the critical norm (90/60), since such a condition can adversely affect the health and development of the fetus. In special cases, when the drugs do not help, the pregnant woman is placed in a hospital and further treatment is strictly under the supervision of the medical staff.

With a suddenly reduced pressure, accompanied by severe dizziness and malaise, it is necessary to call an ambulance. In no case should you self-medicate critically low blood pressure, all that can be done before the arrival of doctors is to drink drops that help with a hypotonic state, such as Cordiamin or Gutron. The required dose to be used is indicated in the instructions for the drug, usually it is about 30 drops.

To avoid falling in case of fainting, it is best to exclude any physical activity and lie down before the arrival of the ambulance.

How to improve your performance in a safe way

With slight hypertension, gynecologists do not prescribe any medications to their patients, advising them to avoid taking medications in order to be safe for the health of the child and endure the ailments on their own.

To alleviate the condition and normalize the pressure, without resorting to taking medication, you must adhere to the following recommendations:

  1. It is important for all pregnant women to maintain proper nutrition. Food should be healthy and varied, eat every 3-4 hours. In the diet of the expectant mother, it is necessary to include more fruits, vegetables, dairy products, as well as grains and cereals.
  2. It should be remembered about full sleep and its benefits for a woman during pregnancy. It is important not only to sleep at night, but also during the day.
  3. After waking up, you need to let the body wake up normally. A sharp rise can cause a drop in blood pressure, accompanied by a pre-syncope state.
  4. To avoid morning weakness, hypotension helps a light snack without getting out of bed. To do this, you need to put crackers or cookies next to the bed in the evening so that in the morning you don’t have to follow them to the kitchen.
  5. A contrast shower will help to promote good vascular tone. But make sure the water is not too cold.
  6. Light physical activity will also help strengthen the walls of blood vessels and normalize blood pressure.
  7. Compressor stockings help prevent varicose veins and keep blood vessels in good shape.
  8. Women in position suffering from low blood pressure should drink enough water per day. Lack of fluid reduces blood volume, which leads to poor circulation and low blood pressure.

Also, to regulate pressure, you can use various herbal tinctures that increase blood circulation and strengthen blood vessels.

But remember that many herbs and even some berries are contraindicated for pregnant women, so before starting traditional medicine treatment, you should consult a doctor.

If fainting occurs

Loss of consciousness due to low blood pressure is quite common. For pregnant women, this condition is highly undesirable, as a fall can lead to injury to the child or the threat of miscarriage.

To avoid falling with fainting, you need to be aware of the symptoms that precede it.

Before losing consciousness during low blood pressure, the following symptoms are observed:

  • cardiopalmus;
  • darkening in the eyes;
  • dizziness;
  • sensation of a strong pulsation in the temporal lobe;
  • heavy sweating;
  • a sharp change in thermoregulation (fever or chills).

If the above symptoms occur, it is necessary to lie down or sit down as soon as possible, leaning on your back to avoid falling. Be sure to inform the people around you that you are unwell.

What to do if a pregnant woman faints? First of all, you need to call an ambulance. Before the doctors arrive, the woman should be laid horizontally and the sternum and neck should be freed from restrictive clothing, and fresh air should be provided (by opening the window in the room). To help regain consciousness, ammonia can, moisten a cotton swab with it and bring it to the pregnant woman's nose.

After the woman comes to her senses, you should drink her warm sweet tea or water with sugar.

What you need to know

In order to prevent weakness and a decrease in pressure during pregnancy, it is necessary to avoid a hungry state. Lack of nutrition during this period greatly affects the health of the mother and child.

Pregnant women should eat at least 5 times a day, but not in too large portions, since excess weight during gestation complicates the process of childbirth. A full breakfast and a light dinner will help to avoid morning sickness and weakness.

Feeling a slight malaise, you should immediately eat something or drink sweet water (tea). Between a full meal, snack on fruit, yogurt, fresh juices, or low-fat sandwiches. Useful in a hypotonic state are foods containing vitamins B and C.

Pregnant women suffering from low blood pressure should not overheat and stay in stuffy rooms. Avoid sunbathing in direct sunlight and avoid public transport during rush hour.

Never abuse caffeine to raise your blood pressure. During pregnancy, it is better to give up coffee and strong tea altogether, as they can harm the baby.

Diet

During the period of bearing a child, the body most often knows itself what it needs to normalize the condition. Often pregnant women are drawn to salty or sour. This addiction is explained by the lack of salt necessary to maintain normal pressure.

A pregnant woman suffering from hypotension should eat about 9 grams of salt per day, as well as drink enough fluids.

Iodized salt should be included in the diet of pregnant women, it has a positive effect on the thyroid gland and eliminates circulatory problems.

Morning should begin with the use of cereals and dairy products. An important part of the nutrition of a pregnant woman is fresh juices and boiled vegetables. You also need to eat 4-5 walnuts a day.

The only thing that should be reduced in the hypotensive diet is foods that contain a large amount of potassium, such as dried apricots, zucchini, watermelons, tomatoes, fish and baked potatoes. It is best to completely avoid the use of garlic, as it is a product that dilates blood vessels and lowers blood pressure.

Also, with caution, you should eat grapes, dried apricots, prunes, lingonberries, hawthorn, viburnum, cranberries and peaches - all these delicacies affect the lowering of blood pressure.

To make the right diet, choosing the necessary products, the doctor will help. Therefore, a pregnant woman with the appearance of low blood pressure should contact a gynecologist for a full consultation and further assistance.

Pregnancy- this is a state in which all the forces of the body are mobilized in order to provide the best possible conditions for the development of a new life. Of course, we can say with good reason that pregnancy is a stressful state for a woman. It's not a secret for anyone that during pregnancy all the ailments experienced by the expectant mother can “come to light”, even if they went unnoticed before conception. It concerns and arterial hypotension (hypertension).

During pregnancy arterial pressure women often go down a little. Therefore, the usual slightly low pressure, which does not in the least interfere with the normal life of a woman, can turn into a sharp and strong decrease in it, which entails a wide variety of problems. In severe cases, with hypotension, the body of a pregnant woman is worse supplied with blood, and the child receives less oxygen. This may pose a risk miscarriage or premature birth. Therefore, women who had hypotension before pregnancy should especially carefully monitor their pressure and, if it drops sharply, immediately contact doctor .

However, more often, the hypotension of a pregnant woman does not cause serious problems on the part of the fetus, but greatly complicates the life of the expectant mother. If a pregnant woman stands for a long time, is in a stuffy room, takes a hot bath, or is simply hungry, then hypotension may occur. weakness, dizziness, headache, even fainting. In addition, abrupt mood swings in pregnant women are often associated with hypotension - from euphoria and love for the whole world to tears, fear and a feeling of helplessness and uselessness. It should be borne in mind that during pregnancy, such mood swings are more or less characteristic of everyone, but in pregnant women with hypotension, they can be especially pronounced. Therefore, pregnant women with a tendency to hypotension should take all measures to avoid such conditions.

For pregnant women with hypotension, all those drugs that are commonly used to increase blood pressure .

Nutrition should be varied, with a high content of protein foods. Abundant nutrition should be avoided, it is harmful not only for pressure, but also in terms of pregnancy, especially in the later stages. It is best to stick to the fractional nutrition system, that is, eat at least 4-6 times a day, but in small quantities. In the morning and afternoon, pregnant women with hypotension benefit from strong tea, especially green tea, and coffee.

It is very important for expectant mothers, as for all hypotensive patients, to have a good rest - at least 10 hours of sleep at night and 1-2 hours of rest during the day. Indispensable daily walks in the fresh air, special gymnastics, classes in the pool. Water procedures are generally exceptionally useful for pregnant women with hypotension. They can be recommended and a cool shower, and cold douche (necessarily with the head) or contrast baths for arms or legs.

The only thing you should not get involved in pregnant is treatment of hypotension with the help of medicines or medicinal herbs, since many of them are contraindicated during pregnancy. Therefore, before using any drugs, you should definitely consult with pregnancy doctor, or at cardiologist. If the remedy that the woman used before pregnancy is contraindicated for her, the doctor will prescribe another one with a similar effect.

If, nevertheless, an attack of poor health occurs or fainting associated with a sharp decrease in pressure, it is necessary to provide first aid to a pregnant woman. First of all, you need to lay it (preferably in a cool room) so that the head is on the same level with heart. If you lose consciousness, you can give ammonia to inhale. After the woman has come to her senses, it is useful for her to take 35-40 drops cordiamine or similar tonic, eat a little and drink a glass of strong sweet tea with lemon.

With hypotension, a pregnant woman should pay close attention to all examinations, especially to fetal ultrasound, which is carried out several times during pregnancy. This is very important because hypotension during pregnancy can cause problems such as fetal hypotrophy appearing in late pregnancy. This happens due to the fact that with severe hypotension, blood supply worsens. uterus, placenta and fetus. In this case, the unborn child receives insufficient nutrition and oxygen, which can lead to a state of oxygen starvation and a slowdown in fetal growth. Hypotension of a pregnant woman during operative delivery can have dangerous consequences, that is, with caesarean section. Usually in these cases, hypotension is prevented by medication before surgery.

A woman who is going to give birth to a healthy child must take into account the characteristics of her body even before conception. Hypotension can in no way be a contraindication for pregnancy and successful delivery, especially if the expectant mother undergoes the necessary examinations even before the onset of pregnancy. She needs to visit consultation with a cardiologist and a physiotherapist, observe the daily routine, eat right, give yourself moderate exercise, etc. When a pregnant woman with hypotension takes care of her general health and pressure in particular, the probability of a successful pregnancy and the birth of a healthy child is very high.

Carrying a baby for every woman is a real test, especially for the body, which is obliged to work twice as much during this period, so to speak, to the limit. Unfortunately, today it is difficult to find an absolutely healthy woman: by the time of pregnancy, almost every woman already has one or another disease.

Quite often, these diseases pass without any special symptoms, and therefore do not cause anxiety and unrest. However, the stress that often accompanies pregnancy causes ailments to become more active, which, of course, affects the process of carrying crumbs. And it can be all sorts of diseases. A woman can find out about them by registering at the antenatal clinic. At the first appointment, the doctor examines the woman, measures all important indicators, for example, pressure and pulse. It is these indicators that are vital because they affect the course of pregnancy and the development of the unborn child.

What is the importance of pressure during pregnancy?

A deviation from the norm of pulse and pressure indicators may indicate that the metabolic processes have failed in the body, the regulation of heart tone is incorrectly carried out or develops (a dangerous complication when carrying a baby, which can have serious consequences for health). Why is pressure necessary and why should its indicators be normal? Blood pressure in the vessels is formed due to the heart and vascular tone, as a result of their expansion or narrowing. Due to pressure, blood moves through the vessels and is directed to small capillaries, as a result of which absolutely all tissues receive the necessary nutrition. The functioning of the heart is controlled by the level of ions, and the pressure is regulated by the nervous and endocrine systems.

While waiting for the baby, it is important that the body can provide normal pressure indicators, and this, in turn, allows the organs of the pregnant woman to be supplied with blood, as well as the placenta, which is the main source of nutrition and oxygen supply to the body of the unborn baby.

However, not all women in the position have normal pressure, deviations are observed: a decrease, which is called hypotension, or an increase - hypertension. At a doctor's appointment, a woman finds out what pressure is “working” or habitual for her.

This information is necessary for the doctor in order to prevent pressure failures in the future and control the well-being of the pregnant woman, to predict various complications. For example, in a woman who often has low blood pressure, when carrying a baby, the pressure may return to normal or decrease so that her health will not be the best. This is also the case with increased pressure. For this reason, at each examination, a woman should measure her pressure and enter all the indicators in a table located in. Thanks to this, it is possible to identify the dynamics and timely determine the development of possible pathologies. In some cases, a woman will have to measure pressure at home in order to see the full picture of pressure changes.

Norm of pressure during pregnancy

During the nine months of waiting for a baby, a woman's body changes significantly, including the heart with blood vessels. This is to ensure that the pregnancy takes place in the best conditions, so that the child receives all the necessary nutrients and oxygen. During pregnancy, the pressure often fluctuates, and this is quite normal, since a large number of different factors affect the tone of the heart, however, pressure changes should not go beyond the norm - 90\70-60 to 120-130\80 mm Hg. Otherwise, the woman's well-being will deteriorate, negatively affecting the development of the fetus.

How does hypotension affect the course of pregnancy and childbirth?

In general, while waiting for a baby, blood pressure can drop even in those women who have not experienced this before. But in most cases, this does not cause any problems. The situation is different for expectant mothers, who had low blood pressure even before conception. And throughout pregnancy, hypotension can bring a lot of trouble: from a constant feeling of fatigue and a decrease in vitality to a sudden deterioration in the condition. In severe cases, a decrease in pressure indicators leads to the fact that the woman’s body is not sufficiently supplied with blood, which means that the baby does not receive enough oxygen. As a result, there is a risk of miscarriage or

In addition, a decrease in blood flow in the uterus provokes a violation of the intrauterine development of the baby, and this is fraught with a lag in the growth and weight of the crumbs. And after birth, such babies are distinguished by reduced immunity, poor health.

That is why the doctor must constantly monitor the indicators. And the woman herself, knowing about such a feature of hers, should control her condition and, in the event of a sudden decrease in pressure, immediately seek help from specialists.

Hypotension is very dangerous during childbirth, which occurs by caesarean section. Therefore, before this operation, in any case, prophylaxis with medications is carried out.

Signs of hypotension during pregnancy

But, despite this, restrained hypotension does not greatly affect the fetus, but at the same time it surprises a woman in position. Constant weakness, headache, mood swings, drowsiness, tinnitus, feeling of lack of air are the main signs of low blood pressure. In transport, pregnant women with hypotension are constantly motion sick, dark in the eyes. The symptoms of this disease are especially pronounced in expectant mothers who are at risk. As a rule, these are women in the VVD, of short stature, thin build, weak in appearance. The manifestation of hypotension is a sign of the development of anemia, malnutrition, disturbances in metabolic processes. That is why you need to know how to stabilize your condition.

How to deal with low blood pressure in pregnant women?

Even in an interesting position, there are quite a few remedies that will help fight low blood pressure without harming the baby. For example, following a special diet. The diet should be as varied as possible, containing as many proteins as possible. Since eating a large amount of food at a time does not bring much benefit, it is best to distribute the entire daily diet into 5-6 servings in order to eat a little, but quite often. In the morning, women in a position who have hypotension should drink strong tea, preferably green.

Good rest also plays an important role. In the daytime, a woman in position should rest for at least 1-2 hours, and at night - from 10 hours or more. In addition, it is important to walk daily in the fresh air, do not forget about physical exercises for pregnant women. Experts recommend future mothers go swimming: under the guidance of a coach or individually. Either way, this will be helpful. Water procedures have a positive effect on hypotensive patients. This can be dousing with cool water, contrast baths for the lower and upper extremities, or a contrast shower. Thanks to this, the woman will be full of energy, and the baby will feel great.

But a woman in position should forget about medicines, since many of them during this period are very dangerous for the developing organism of the crumbs. If a woman used certain medications before conception, she should tell the doctor about it, who will help you choose another, safer remedy.

Hypotension is not a sentence, and a woman can give birth to a completely healthy baby. In most cases, knowing that the pressure is constantly decreasing, before conception, a woman consults with doctors such as a cardiologist, gynecologist and physiotherapist who will help the expectant mother cope with this ailment and endure the baby.

Do not forget about proper nutrition, and follow all the recommendations of doctors, then no change in pressure can stand in your way to motherhood.

What is hypotension and how to live with it (video)

Hypotension is a condition in which systolic and diastolic blood pressure is reduced for a number of reasons. During the gestation period, about 20% of pregnant women are susceptible to hypertension, hypotension during pregnancy is less common, but no less harmful.

A decrease in blood pressure is a normal phenomenon in the early stages of gestation, due to changes in hormonal levels. Indicators may remain low throughout the entire period of gestation, however, there is a classification that determines the degree of hypotension:

Systolic and diastolic pressure can be reduced slightly (not lower than 100 mm Hg, lower 70). This is a sign of the norm, especially in the first weeks of gestation.

The scores drop to 90/60. Atony develops with bradycardia. A condition that requires correction, but if the patient has a working pressure, then a targeted intake of hypertensive drugs is not needed.

Below 80 - possible internal bleeding. The pregnant woman needs emergency hospitalization.

Indicators can drop to critical values. Often a similar phenomenon develops at the time of labor and caesarean section.

What happens

Physiological hypotension

It occurs due to hormonal changes, and is often perceived as a sure sign of pregnancy.

The mechanism of physiological decrease in blood pressure is associated with the influence of progesterone, which expands the lumen of small vessels for the best nutrition of the embryo.

As soon as the fetus has formed its own circulatory system, the pressure returns to normal.

Pathological hypotension

The mechanism of development of non-physiological hypotension is associated with intravascular tone before the onset of gestation.

The occurrence of the disease occurs under the influence of negative factors occurring in the intravascular system and the pulmonary circulation. In addition, a decrease in performance may be a consequence of another disease.

Clinical manifestations become negative and complicate the "interesting position" of the expectant mother.

The reasons

And so, hypotension of pregnant women can be physiological and pathological. The reasons for the physiological decrease in blood pressure include:

  • hormonal changes after conception;
  • low blood pressure before pregnancy;
  • mild toxicity.

With hypotension of the physiological nature of blood pressure up to 100/65 mm Hg. Art. - not less.

Pathological causes of the disease:

  • heart disease;
  • venous insufficiency;
  • genetic predisposition;
  • tendency to bleed;
  • malfunction of the adrenal glands;
  • endocrine diseases;
  • weather dependence;
  • deficiency of trace elements and vitamins;
  • physical lability;
  • irrational and unhealthy diet;
  • multiple pregnancy;
  • lactation period;
  • psycho-emotional and autonomic disorders;
  • stress or depression.

The pathological form of the disease can be chronic and acute. In both cases, specific symptoms develop that affect the patient's well-being.

According to statistics, reduced blood pressure in pregnant women is diagnosed in 17% of cases in the first trimester, about 5% in the second and third, and only in 3.8% of women accompanies the entire pregnancy.

Symptoms

You can identify low blood pressure yourself by the characteristic symptoms:

  • lethargy;
  • chronic fatigue;
  • lethargy;
  • headache.

Sometimes the clinical manifestations take on a different color. Pregnant women suffer from dizziness, nausea, loss of appetite. Hypoxia, nervousness, a tendency to loss of consciousness and collapse develop.

With critical indicators are not excluded:

  • pallor of the skin;
  • fainting;
  • low heart rate;
  • muscle and joint pain;
  • lack of strength to get out of bed;
  • indifference;
  • varicose veins;
  • increased sensitivity to the voices of others;
  • acute headache;
  • migraine;
  • chronic sleep deprivation;
  • chilliness of hands and feet.

Clinical manifestations of low blood pressure adversely affect the condition of the pregnant woman and the fetus. In patients, oxygen deficiency is expressed, hypoxia develops.

Hypotension, which has developed due to bleeding, can lead to irreversible consequences.

What is the danger of hypotension for mother and child

Reduced blood pressure during gestation is accompanied by a drop in vascular tone. For this reason, the transport of nutrients and oxygen to the placenta, brain and myocardium is deteriorating.

At first glance, the disease is not taken seriously, but the resulting complications bring considerable harm to the health of mother and baby.

At the moment of fainting or a short-term loss of consciousness, a pregnant woman may fall, causing irreparable harm to the health of the baby.

  • due to hypoxia, placentation insufficiency develops, and the child lags behind in development;
  • complicated childbirth;
  • distorted birth period, lack of activity and contractions;
  • increased risk of early labor or miscarriage.

A woman suffers from toxicosis, brain activity decreases. She constantly feels tired and indifferent to her position.

Against the background of hypotension, immunity decreases, chronic diseases of the thyroid gland and gastrointestinal tract become aggravated.

A sharp drop in blood pressure to 70-80 mm Hg. Art. can threaten the life of the fetus, regardless of gestational age.

If, against the background of the normal course of gestation, the pressure decreases, we can talk about a sharp cardiovascular insufficiency.

How to increase the pressure

Antihypotensive therapy is carried out in a non-drug way at home if the symptoms of the disease are moderate and the patient is in a normal condition. Inpatient treatment is carried out with an increased risk of complications.

The main treatment of pathology is the correction of nutrition, sleep patterns and homeopathy.

In the gestational period, nutrition should be balanced and varied. A hypotensive woman should increase the amount of vegetables, fruits, protein products, citrus fruits.

In the morning, 1 cup of weak grain coffee with milk or green tea is allowed. The diet must include seafood, pickled vegetables, pickles. Salt retains fluid in the body, resulting in increased pressure.

It is important not to overdo it with salt, as swelling may form.

The mode of sleep and wakefulness is very important during gestation. With low blood pressure, doctors recommend resting at least 9 hours at night, and a couple of hours during the day.

While awake, take walks in the fresh air, swim, or perform simple exercises to strengthen blood vessels.

It will not be superfluous to take vitamins and herbal teas.

Homeopathy, according to doctors, is an ineffective therapy aimed to a large extent at the prevention of diseases.

Herbal preparations, such as eleutherococcus, Chinese magnolia vine, or generic radiola, are suitable for patients.

Emergency help

It happens that fainting or dizziness takes the expectant mother by surprise. In such situations, it is important not to get confused, but to provide the necessary assistance.

In case of fainting:

  • lay the woman on a flat surface;
  • put a pillow under your head;
  • unfasten clothes;
  • sprinkle with water or give a sniff of ammonia.

After regaining consciousness, it will not be superfluous to drink a glass of lemon water. In case of dizziness: seat the patient, loosen tight clothing, give a glass of weak coffee drink to drink.

To identify the cause of the disease, you should undergo diagnostic procedures: ECG, CTG, daily monitoring of pressure and heart function.

Prevention and control

At each visit to the gynecologist, the pregnant woman's blood pressure is measured, but in the early stages, the woman visits the gynecologist twice a month. For a more thorough control, measurements are taken at home daily.

The data are compared with the symptoms, and with a pronounced clinic, they seek help from a doctor.

It is extremely difficult to prevent the disease with an existing tendency to hypotension. In order to prevent during the bearing of the baby, you should:

  • rest more than 8 hours;
  • eat properly;
  • To breathe fresh air;
  • take vitamins that strengthen the vascular system.

It should not be forgotten that hypotension can abruptly turn into hypertension, where complications and consequences are much more severe.

Interesting video: how to treat low blood pressure during pregnancy