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Jewels of the House of Romanov. The crown of jewelry craftsmanship is the famous crown of the Russian Empire
The jewels of the Russian imperial crown shared the sad fate of the treasuries of the largest European monarchies - the English (until 1848), French and Austro-Hungarian, which were irretrievably lost in the whirlwind of wars and revolutions.
In 1719, according to the decree of Peter I, for the special storage of “things belonging to the state”, a special room was organized - “rentery”, where state regalia, order badges, ceremonial Jewelry. Since 1839, this repository became known as the Diamond Room.
Russian emperors and empresses, competing in luxury with the monarchs of others European countries, sought to increase the wealth and pomp of their court. Many outstanding jewelers worked at the court in St. Petersburg - I. Pozier, father and sons Duval, L. Pfisterer, G. Eckart. Treasury funds were used to purchase gems, some of them came in the form of gifts. In addition to the imperial regalia, the crown jewels included various jewelry and decorations.
For the coronation of Catherine II, who ascended the throne as a result of a coup d'etat. a large one was made imperial crown. Already on July 8, 1762, on the tenth day after the massacre of Peter III, a decree signed by Catherine appeared, according to which Chamberlain Ivan Betsky was given 50 thousand rubles for coronation expenses, including payment to jewelers. The development of a sketch of the crown was entrusted to the jeweler Jeremy (Jeremiah) Pozier (1716-1779), a native of Switzerland.
The chief court jeweler, Georg-Friedrich Eckart, rejected Pozier's plan. Having received gold from the treasury, he himself made the openwork frame of the crown. But it was Pozier who decorated the crown with stones. “I chose among the things all the largest stones that were not suitable for fashionable decoration, partly diamonds, partly colored,” Pozier later recalled in his “Notes.” - Despite all the precautions I took to make the crown light and use only the most necessary materials“To hold the stones in it, it turned out to weigh five pounds.”
Pauzier did an excellent job of selecting stones, brought out their beauty, very successfully found transitions from one color to another and skillfully used the mesmerizing shimmer of pearls. The crown was valued at two million rubles - an astronomical amount at that time. Let's add that this masterpiece jewelry art XVIII century was created in just two months.
The crown of the Russian Empire looks traditional for this symbol of state power. It consists of two openwork silver hemispheres, strewn with Indian diamonds of various sizes - there are 4936 pieces in total (total weight - 2858 carats). At the bottom of the crown, large white and pink diamonds alternate rhythmically.
The only spot of color is the large dark red spinel at the top of the crown, below the diamond cross. This 398.72-carat spinel is one of seven historical stones kept in Diamond Fund. It was purchased in 1676 by the Russian envoy to Beijing Nikolai Spafariy.
The total weight of the crown is 1.907 kg. The length of the lower circumference of the crown is 64 cm, the height with the cross is 27.5 cm. Regardless of the size and complexity of the composition, it is elegant and light. This is a true masterpiece of 18th century jewelry.
Along with the crown, other imperial regalia were made for the coronation of Catherine II - an orb and a scepter.
The orb - a polished hollow ball topped with a cross - is made of so-called “red gold”. The ball is surrounded by two rows of large diamonds, the sapphire on top weighs approximately 47 carats. The golden scepter is made in strict forms; it consists of three smooth parts, separated by diamond bands, and is crowned with a double-headed eagle, decorated with black enamel and diamonds. Below the eagle, greatly enhancing the splendor of the scepter, is the famous Orlov diamond (189.62 carats).
The so-called Small Imperial Crown, kept today in the Diamond Fund, was made in 1801 by the Duval brothers for Elizaveta Alekseevna, wife of Alexander I. Its weight is 378 g, the crown is decorated with 48 large (from 2 to 9 carats) and 200 small diamonds. This crown, originally intended for coronation, and later served for special special occasions, made as an elegant feminine adornment.
Historical reference
A scandal broke out. Foreign newspapers wrote that some European entrepreneurs and banks were used by the Soviet government for foreign exchange transactions with looted gold, diamonds and church valuables. To quell the outrage, at the end of 1925 an exhibition of the crown jewels was hastily organized in Moscow, which was supposed to show the world that they were safe and sound.
The noise raised in the press apparently disrupted the impending deal for the sale abroad through Manchuria of all the relics of the former Diamond Room, which included a collection of imperial crowns, an imperial scepter with the Orlov diamond, an orb, a collection of diamond pendants and tiaras, and diamond order medals. signs and chains, gift gold cups, a collection of fans and rings, imperial Faberge Easter eggs and much more.
However, most of these items were still sold out in the 1920s and 1930s.
Some later turned up in private collections in the USA and Europe, for example, the wedding crown of Russian empresses, made from the diamond belt of Catherine II - in the fall of 1926, it (together with the diamond sword of Paul I, the decoration of Catherine the Second's coronation dress from clusters of Brazilian diamonds and Indian emeralds, diamond snuffbox of Empress Elizabeth, collection of imperial easter eggs Faberge) was sold by the new owners of the country to the American dealer Norman Weiss.
The location of some other items is still unknown (including several Faberge eggs, a diamond badge of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called, which belonged to Alexander II, the icon of the Presentation of the Virgin Mary in the Temple in a precious frame by Faberge, etc.).
Yes, the crown of the widow of Peter the Great was dismantled, stripped of jewelry, which was put into further circulation. The frame made of gilded silver has been preserved in the Armory. The crown of Peter II was kept in the treasury for a year, after which it was turned into a set of stones and valuable metal scrap. Anna Ioannovna retained the imperial crown, but Elizabeth, who ascended to the throne, ordered a new crown to be made. Besides the fact that the tradition had not yet developed, the graceful daughter Peter could not stand having a heavy, old-fashioned thing placed on her pretty head, suitable only for a manly cousin. And she received a lovely openwork crown for her coronation. But it was also dismantled.
For twenty years there was no need to invent anything, but after the death of Elizabeth Petrovna, the wife of the new emperor, Ekaterina Alekseevna, ordered a funeral crown. It was made by the Swiss Eckart, but the size was wrong. The Frenchman Pozier corrected the mistake by securing the crown with screws on the forehead of the deceased empress, who no longer had the opportunity to protest. The skills of both jewelers would come in handy a few months later when the coup d'état took place in June 1762. Betskoy, one of the conspirators, having hinted to Catherine about his special role in her accession, received as a favor responsibility for everything that would be on the empress during the coronation. And he got down to business. Having instructed Eckart and Pozier to make a new, unprecedented, Big crown, Betskoy resolved endless disputes between two jewelers, supplied them with hundreds of precious stones and dozens of pearls from the treasury, and found scrap gold and silver. It was he who proposed to crown the crown with an unprecedented lal, brought from China under Alexei Mikhailovich. The stone was considered a ruby, but it is a closely related noble spinel. Be that as it may, he is incredibly handsome.
Coronation portrait of Catherine II. Stefano Torelli, between 1763 and 1766
The jewelers and the busy Betskoy presented the empress with a masterpiece. The finest ligature, swift laurel and oak branches, stones and pearls, skillfully built into the openwork design - all this turned the Great Crown into a symbol of the new reign, which promised to be bright, cheerful and reasonable. Compared to her predecessors, her weight was small - about two kilograms. Oddly enough, the continuity and heredity of this attribute of power was approved by Pavel Petrovich. And twice. Not only was he crowned with a crown made for his unloved mother, but he also posthumously crowned his father, who had been deposed by Catherine, with it. One hundred years since then Russian emperors were married with the same Great Crown. Last time it was seen on the head of the autocrat at the opening of the First State Duma. During Great War she, along with other jewelry, was evacuated from Petrograd to Moscow.
Treasures were divided into “historically valuable” and others.
But here comes the revolution... In 1920, by decree of Lenin, the State Repository of Valuables - Gokhran - was created. In the same year, another decree organized the sale of jewelry abroad. But these are still requisitioned, “non-royal” gold and diamonds. In 1922, under the leadership of the famous professor of mineralogy Alexander Fersman, a commission worked to describe the contents of the boxes brought to the Armory in 1914. There is also a Big Crown.
At the same time, the treasures were divided into “historically valuable” and others that could be sold off. In 1923, some of the valuables ended up in Chita. Much disappears. The collection is thinning in two ways: government sales and theft. And it’s not passionate monarchists or foreign intelligence agents who steal, as is nicely shown in the final film of the Elusive Avengers trilogy. There, the cunning staff captain Ovechkin (artist Dzhigarkhanyan) pretends to be a watchmaker, a security officer, or a proletarian and steals the crown of the Russian Empire.
But the even more cunning Danka - Ksanka - Yashka - Valerka, with the help of the repentant repeat offender Naryshkin, return the treasure to the people. No, real proletarians and security officers stole and sold them. In 1925, the collection of royal jewelry consisted of more than seven hundred items, in 2017 there were less than two hundred... The large imperial crown survived. Having shown at the 1925 exhibition, she did not go to Armand Hammer or to some super-mysterious collection. She simply hid from the people, who were solemnly declared her master. Since 1967, the crown can again be seen in the Diamond Fund. That's better. I hope it won't fit anyone's head.
Lead image: Wikipedia.org
Image for the announcement of the material on the main page: ok.ru
Great Imperial Crown
The crown is a masterpiece of world jewelry art.
The imperial crown was made by court jeweler Georg-Friedrich Eckart and diamond master Jeremiah Pozier for the coronation of Empress Catherine II the Great in 1762. The crown was created in record time short term- in just two months.
The work on creating the crown was supervised by jeweler G.-F. Eckart. He created the sketch and frame. The selection of diamonds was carried out by I. Pozier.
The unique monument of jewelry art was restored in 1984. Chief artist V.G. Sitnikov, jewelers - V.V. Nikolaev, G.F. Aleksakhin.
Silver, diamonds, pearls, spinel rubies
State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve "Moscow Kremlin"
Moscow, Russia
Large Imperial crown created by the court jeweler for the coronation of Catherine II. Traditional in shape, the crown consists of two opening hemispheres, topped by an orb and a cross.
The materials used are silver, gold, diamonds, pearls, spinel.
Masters set 4,936 diamonds weighing 2,858 carats in silver. The sparkle of the diamond lace is emphasized by two rows of large matte pearls, 75 in total.
The height of the crown with the cross is 27.5 cm. The length of the lower circumference is 64 cm.
The weight of the crown is 1993.80 grams.
The crown is crowned with a rare bright red gemstone - a noble spinel weighing 398.72 carats.
The large imperial crown, made in 1762 for the coronation of Empress Catherine II the Great by the talented court jeweler Jeremiah Pozier, is striking in its perfection of execution and luxury. An excellent craftsman, he managed to create “a hymn to the diamond in the diamond age.” It is no coincidence that the Russian crown occupies an exceptional position among European regalia. Traditional in shape, of two openwork silver hemispheres, separated by a garland and fastened with a low crown, entirely decorated with diamonds and pearls, the crown creates the impression of solemn grandeur, surprising at the same time with its lightness and grace.&
The laurel branches are graceful and at the same time unusually calm - a symbol of power and glory, as if enveloping a diamond diamond-shaped grid of hemispheres and fastened with a diamond in the center.&
The master emphasized the sparkle of the diamond lace with two rows of large matte, perfectly clean pearls. In the drawing, garlands of large white and pink diamonds are placed between the hemispheres oak leaves and acorns, which symbolizes the strength and strength of power.
The crown is crowned with a rare gem dark red— noble spinel (398.72 carats, acquired in the 17th century from eastern merchants). It is also one of the seven historical stones of the Russian Diamond Fund.
Ekaterina was pleased with the work. She kept this almost two-kilogram crown on her head for the entire required time coronation ceremony - several hours.
After Catherine II, all emperors in Russia were crowned with a large imperial crown.
The Great Imperial Crown of the Russian Empire is the main symbol of the power of Russian monarchs. Imperial regalia from 1762 to 1917
Catherine II with coronation regalia. Empress in right hand holding the Scepter. Portrait of Alexei Antropov 1765
IMPERIAL SCEPTER
Gold, Orlov diamond, diamonds, silver, enamel
Length 59.5 cm
Early 1770s
The smoothly polished golden surface of the scepter is intercepted by eight diamond rims, and the handle is embossed with flutes (vertical grooves), enhancing the play of light and shadow. The scepter ends with a cast gold double-headed eagle, decorated with black enamel and diamonds. The pomp of this emblem of manarchic power was greatly enhanced by the Orlov diamond, which adorned the scepter in 1774. According to experts, this best diamond of all the famous ones. As you know, he was the “eye” of the golden statue of Brahma in the Indian temple. This is one of the seven historical stones of the Diamond Fund of the Russian Federation.
In ancient times, the scepter was considered an attribute of the power of Zeus (Jupiter). In Old Rus', an image of a scepter can be found on ancient coins of princes Vladimir and Yaroslav from the beginning of the 11th century. The scepter as a regalia is also mentioned in Russian chronicles of the mid-13th century, telling about the arrival of Western ambassadors. It is believed, however, that the scepter was introduced into use under Ivan the Severe at the end of his conquest of the Kazan Khanate. With all this, Ivan IV seemed to have inherited the position of the khan, who in Rus' was called the tsar. To embody the claims to this title, which both the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Crown of Poland refused to recognize for a long time and stubbornly, so to speak, there must be a specific scepter. Special symbolic meaning Peter the Great also attached it to the scepter. During the coronation of his own wife, Catherine I, he did not let go of it for a second. Peter I did not have the rest of the imperial regalia. The imperial scepter, lying in the Diamond Fund, is decorated with the world famous Orlov diamond, cut in the form of the highest “Indian rose”. According to one of the legends, as everyone knows, this stone belonged to Nadir Shah. At the end of its fall, the diamond ended up in Amsterdam, where it was bought for 400 thousand rubles by Count Grigory Orlov and presented by him to Empress Catherine II.
DIAMOND "ORLOV"
Empress Catherine II loved to pay with diamonds when playing cards. “What fun it is to play with diamonds! It’s like a thousand and one nights!” - she exclaimed in one of the letters. She gave her favorite Grigory Orlov a diamond camisole worth a million rubles. Orlov did not remain in debt and presented the queen with a diamond weighing 189.62 carats for the imperial scepter.&
A diamond of the rarest purity, with a bluish-green tint, was found in the 16th century in the mines of Golconda (India). The stone was originally a fragment from a larger crystal, believed to be the mysteriously disappeared Great Mogul Diamond, and weighed 450 carats (90 g) in its rough form. The first name of the diamond is “Derianur”, or “Sea of Light” (the second fragment of the “Mogul” was the no less famous “Kohinoor”, or “Mountain of Light”). According to ancient legend, both stones were the eyes of the temple statue of Brahma. Initially, the diamond was cut in the form of a “tall rose” (about 180 facets) weighing 300 carats. Shah Jehan was dissatisfied with the cut and ordered the stone to be recut.&
After this, the diamond was acquired modern form, but its weight dropped to 200 carats (or 40 grams). The Persian Shah Nadir, having captured Delhi in 1739, decorated his throne with them. When the British “visited” Persia, they appropriated the “pebbles” in the same way. “Derianur” through unknown means ended up in the Amsterdam Bank in 1767, changing its name to “Amsterdam”, and its owner became either an Armenian or a Jew, Gregory Safras. In 1772, he sold the diamond to his relative, the Russian court jeweler Ivan Lazarev (hence the third name of the stone - “Lazarev”). Lazarev, in turn, in 1773 sold the stone for 400,000 rubles to Count Orlov, in whose hands the stone acquired its final name, with which it went down in history and was presented on Catherine II’s name day instead of a bouquet. She appreciated the gift and placed it on the crown of her golden scepter (below the pommel, which is a double-headed eagle, decorated with black enamel and diamonds), greatly enhancing its pomp.
IMPERIAL POWER
Gold, diamonds, sapphire (200 carats), diamond (46.92 carats), silver
Height with cross 24 cm
Ball circumference 48 cm
1762
In preparation for the coronation of Catherine II only two weeks before significant event they remembered the power, and then it turned out that the precious stones from the power of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna had long been removed, and the gold had been “put into use.” In an unusually short time, the court jeweler G.-F. Eckart created a new state.
In the form of a small ball with an immaculately polished golden surface, on a low profiled base, the orb made an impression luxury product thanks to the diamond-studded belt and half-hoop with a cross at the top. These diamond garlands were taken directly from Catherine's dress, to which they were attached with silver loops, invisible to visitors.
In the early 70s of the 18th century, the state was decorated with two stones, which changed its overall appearance.
Between the openwork diamond cross and the half-hoop, a huge sapphire weighing 200 carats was placed surrounded by diamonds, and at the junction of the half-hoop with the belt - large diamond weighing 46.92 carats, completely pure stone with a bluish tint.
LARGE AGRAF BUCKLE
Diamonds silver
Length 25 cm, width from 8 to 11 cm
1750s. Master I. Pozier
Among the items created by the Swiss Jeremiah Pozier for the Russian court is a luxurious agraf buckle 25 centimeters long.
Heavy gold, ermine-lined coronation robes on days of celebration were fastened with huge ornate buckles, designed primarily for visual effect.
A subtle sense of decorativeness helped the jeweler create a buckle that was unusual in shape and fabulous in richness.
It is made in the form of a bow from three lush branches studded with diamonds. The intertwining branches are massive, but at the same time create the impression of lightness - due to the fact that small flowers on thin stems are scattered among the succulent leaves.
Careful thought out of every detail of the design of the product, free composition, combination of diamonds of different quality - all this characterizes the style of I. Pozier, the best of the best “diamond makers” of the 18th century.
The buckle was once worn by Elizaveta Petrovna, and then it in turn belonged to other Russian rulers, becoming a clasp on the coronation ermine robe.
SMALL IMPERIAL CROWN
Diamonds, silver
Height with cross 13 cm
1801 Masters Y. Duval and J. Duval
Traditional in shape, the small imperial crown was made by the famous court jewelers the Duval brothers in 1801 for the coronation of Empress Elizabeth Alekseevna.
Strictness and a sense of proportion distinguish the works of these masters. Their style is pure, logical, reasonable, and their execution is such that it makes you forget about technical methods and see only the beauty of the material they work with.
Everything in the crown is surprisingly proportional and balanced. The shine of diamond lace in a silver frame conveys a feeling of solemnity, significance, and grandeur, despite the miniature size of the product.
Among the excellent stones on the crown, a number of large diamonds on the crown, as if hanging in the air, stand out for their clarity and size. The beauty of the stones and refined jewelry craftsmanship undoubtedly bring the small crown closer to the large imperial crown of Catherine II.
Coronation regalia of Russian emperors. In the foreground - Imperial Power 1856
Large imperial crown among the regalia of Russian emperors.
Catherine II (1762)
Virgilius Eriksen. Empress Catherine II in the Great Imperial Crown
Paul I (1797)
Borovikovsky V.L.Emperor Paul I in the Great Imperial Crown
The last time the Great Imperial Crown was used was in government events in 1906 - on solemn ceremony opening of the first State Duma with the participation of the last Emperor Nicholas II. Currently, the imperial regalia is in the Diamond Fund of the Russian Federation.
Great Imperial Crown
The main regalia confirming the power of monarchs is the crown or crown. The rulers, competing in the splendor and luxury of symbols of power, decorated their crowns, made of gold and silver, with rare and very expensive stones. This review includes the most famous crowns in the world, among which it is not so easy to determine the best one.
The crown of the kings and emperors of the Holy Roman Empire has several names, one of the most famous is the crown of Charlemagne, and it was made at the end of the 10th century. 
Crown of kings and emperors of the Holy Roman Empire.
This oldest jewelry masterpiece, unlike other crowns, original form in the form of an octagon, decorated with 144 precious stones and pearls. Initially kept in Nuremberg, when there was a threat of the capture of this city by the troops of Napoleon, who sought to get it for his coronation, the crown was transported to Vienna and hidden there. It is now kept in the Vienna Museum.
Crown of the British Empire.
The famous jewel, made in 1911, is not the property of the Queen, but belongs to the state, and its main repository is the Tower Fortress Museum, and the current Queen Elizabeth II wears the crown only on the occasion of the annual Opening of Parliament ceremony or other state celebrations. And although the crown has a relatively light weight, 910 grams, the queen, in order to get used to it and not be embarrassed at the ceremony, puts on the crown in advance and walks around in it for several hours. On these rare days you can see the Queen with a magnificent crown on her head at breakfast in home environment or watching newspapers.
Great Crown of the Russian Empire.
This jewel, which outshone the crowns of all foreign rulers with its brilliance and splendor, was conceived by Catherine II for her coronation in 1762. The famous jewelers who worked on its creation managed to create this miracle in just two months.
The openwork frame of an elegant shape in the form of two hemispheres (symbolizing the East and West) made of gold and silver, reminiscent of an oriental headdress, was made by the chief court jeweler Ekart. But Eckart entrusted the selection of stones for the crown and its decoration to the jeweler Pozier, who did a brilliant job. Rows of matte pearls perfectly emphasize the sparkle of a scattering of diamonds, and the crown is crowned with a real treasure - rare mineral, a bright red ruby schniel weighing about 400 carats, brought back in the 16th century from China. Today this national treasure is exhibited in the famous Diamond Fund. 
Diamonds and pearls of the Grand Crown.
Red spinel of the Great Crown.
Crowns of Russia
At a time when Europe crowned its rulers with luxurious crowns, in Russia they were replaced by crowns studded with gems, the most famous of which is the Monomakh cap. Ivan the Terrible was the first to be crowned with it during his reign.
The famous Monomakh's Hat.
The transition to imperial crowns in Russia took place thanks to Peter I. Himself crowned with the Monomakh Cap, he ordered the first Russian crown to be made from gilded silver, which his wife Catherine I was lucky enough to own. 
The first Russian crown.
Empress Anna Ioannovna ordered a new crown for her coronation, and it was made in accordance with her tastes and wishes, many precious stones were used from the crown of Catherine I. 
Crown of Empress Anna Ioanovna.
From 1872 until the fall of the empire, all Russian emperors were crowned with the famous Great Imperial Crown. And for the coronation of queens, several copies of this crown were made smaller size, but only one of them has survived. 
Small imperial crown.
Nicholas II and his wife wearing imperial crowns.
Late 13th - early 14th century. Gold, silver, precious stones, pearls, fur; filigree, granulation, casting, embossing, engraving. Height 18.6 cm; circumference 61 cm. Armory. Moscow The most famous of all the royal headdresses of the Russian Tsars is the Monomakh Cap. It is located in the Armory; All Russian tsars and princes, right up to Fyodor Alekseevich, were crowned with this hat. What’s interesting: the fact has been clearly established: it has nothing to do with Byzantium or the 11th century! The hat was made in Central Asia, in Bukhara, in the first half of the 14th century, 200 years after the death of Vladimir Monomakh. It also turned out that no connection between the headdress and Monomakh was noted until the beginning of the 16th century; and the Moscow princes, leaving it to their heirs, talked about the “golden cap”. It has also been proven that its first owner was Ivan Kalita. Both the hat and the horse harness (“golden horse tackle”) were presented to Ivan Kalita by his contemporary, the Golden Horde Uzbek Khan.
Monomakh's hat
So this crown could not have belonged to Prince Vladimir Monomakh (c. 960 - July 15, 1015). Other hats - crowns - are made in the same likeness.
Kazan hat
Mid 16th century. Gold, precious stones, fur; casting, embossing, carving, niello The Kazan Cap is a gold filigree crown made around 1553 for Ivan the Terrible immediately after the conquest and annexation of the Kazan Khanate to the Russian state and the consolidation of the title of the Kazan Tsar. There is no exact information about when and by whom the crown was made. There is a version that it was made by jewelers of the conquered Khanate.
Crown. "Big outfit". Astrakhan hat. 1627.
Gold, precious stones, pearls, fur; casting, chasing, engraving, carving, shotting. Height 30.2 cm, circumference 66.5 cm. Armory. Moscow. Belonged to Tsar Mikhail Romanov. Work of the Moscow Kremlin Workshops. It is named after the Astrakhan cap because by the reign of the 1st Tsar from the Romanov dynasty, Mikhail Fedorovich, the conquest of the Astrakhan Khanate and the erection of the cross on both banks of the Volga, and access to the Caspian Sea, had been completed. And also, this crown is present on the coat of arms of Astrakhan. As you know, after the death of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, young Ivan and Peter were placed on the throne, and personal crowns were made for them in the Kremlin workshops.
Altabasnaya hat. (Siberian). 1684
Fabric, brocade, gold, precious stones, pearls, fur; casting, embossing, carving, enamel, shotting. Armouries. Moscow. Belonged to Tsar Ivan Alekseevich. Work of the Moscow Kremlin Workshops
Diamond hat. 1682 - 1687.
Gold, silver, precious stones, pearls, fur; casting, chasing, carving, enamel Armory. Moscow. Belonged to Tsar Ivan Alekseevich. Work of the Moscow Kremlin Workshops For more than close-up prominent patterns and double-headed eagles on the crown.
Diamond hat. 1682 - 1684.
Gold, silver, precious stones, fur; casting, embossing, enamel. Armouries. Moscow. It belonged to Tsar Peter Alekseevich. Work of the Moscow Kremlin Workshops.
"Monomakh's hat of the second outfit" . 1682 .
Gold, precious stones, pearls, fur; casting, chasing, carving Armory Chamber. Moscow. Russia. It belonged to Tsar Peter Alekseevich. Work of the Moscow Kremlin Workshops. Next come the imperial crowns. One of the first imperial crowns was the crown with which Tsar Peter I crowned Catherine I. But only one frame remained from it, because... subsequent generations used diamonds for their needs.
The crown of the Russian Empress Anna Ioannovna is a precious crown made in St. Petersburg in 1730-1731, presumably by the master Gottlieb Wilhelm Dunkel. About two and a half thousand diamonds, rubies and tourmalines, skillfully selected in size, are mounted into the silver frame of the crown. Most of them previously adorned the crown of Empress Catherine I, as well as the dark red tourmaline placed under the irregularly shaped diamond cross. It was purchased in 1676 from the Chinese Bogdykhan by decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and subsequently adorned several royal crowns in turn. The weight of this unique piece is one hundred grams. And finally, the most valuable exhibit of the Diamond Fund
Great Imperial Crown of Russia.
The large imperial crown of the Russian Empire was made for the coronation in 1762 famous jewelers Georg-Friedrich Eckart, who was the author of the sketches and frame, and also supervised the work, and Jeremiah (Jeremiah: in Russia he was called Eremey Petrovich) Pozier, who was involved in the selection of stones. The work was carried out by special order of Catherine II. Famous masters Only one condition was set - the crown had to weigh no more than 5 pounds (2 kilograms). The jewelry miracle was created in just two months. It was the most famous crown The Russian Empire, until the decline of the monarchy, personified the supreme power in Russia. After the October Revolution, dilapidated and ruined by gangs of “Bolsheviks,” the young communist state of workers’ and peasants’ councils needed finance. The government was looking for loans and turned to Michael Collins, Ireland's finance minister. The Royal Jewels were used as collateral for the Soviet Republic for a $25,000 loan.
The transfer of valuables and money took place in New York, between the head of the “Soviet bureau” - Soviet ambassador in America, Ludwig Martens, and the Irish Ambassador to the USA, Harry Boland. After returning to Ireland, Boland kept the jewelry in the house of his mother, Kathleen Boland O'Donovan, who lived in Dublin. Throughout the period of the Irish War of Independence, the jewelry was kept by Boland's mother. Mrs. Boland O'Donovan handed over the Russian jewels to the government of the Irish Republic in the person of Eamon de Valera only in 1938, which were kept in safes in government buildings and were forgotten for a while. In 1948, the valuables were discovered and, by decision of the new Irish government, led by John A. Costello, a decision was made to sell the pledged royal jewels to Russia at a public auction in London. However, after consultation regarding legal status collateral values and negotiations with the Soviet ambassador, the decision to sell was canceled. The valuables had to be returned to Soviet Union in exchange for the sum of $25,000, originally loaned in 1920. The jewelry returned to Moscow in 1950. All subsequent Russian emperors after Catherine II were crowned kings with this crown.
The Small Imperial Crown of the Russian Empire is one of the imperial regalia. The small crown was created by the jeweler Seftigen for the coronation of Empress Maria Alexandrovna, wife of Alexander II in 1856.
Diadem. 1810.
Gold, silver, pink diamond, small diamonds. Moscow Most likely it belonged to Elizaveta Alexandrovna, the wife of Alexander I.
Crown Russian Empire from the movie of the same name. Our craftsmen were unable to make one; they ordered it from the craftsmen of the Barrandov studio in Prague. Decorated rock crystal, is an artistic rarity. It cost Mosfilm $2,000.
