Program for the prevention of HIV infection in the school. HIV prevention program in a general education institution of the Russian Federation

Municipal budgetary educational institution

Voskresenskaya secondary school

PROGRAM

on Primary Prevention of HIV Infection

among students in grades 8-11 and their parents

Program name: - educational programon primary prevention of HIV infection among students in grades 8-11 and their parents

Developer: social educator Lemyagova A.O.

Implementation period: - 2015-2017 academic year

Artist: - educational school

Expected final

implementation results

programs: - Formation of positive motivation for a healthy lifestyle

Formation.

- Formation of tolerance towards HIV-positive people and their immediate environment.

Explanatory note

Health is one of the main components of beauty. The desire to be beautiful, perfect, so natural for a person, is a sure incentive for introducing children to regular physical education, proper nutrition, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and rejecting health destroyers.

It is especially important to lead a healthy lifestyle for the younger generation, adolescents from 13 to 18 years old. After all, at this age there are intense psychological and physical changes, a rapid physiological restructuring of the body. There is a serious hormonal restructuring, puberty. Teenagers are prone to mood swings. Study ceases to be the main and most important task. According to psychologists, personal communication with peers becomes the leading activity at this age. The productivity of mental activity decreases due to the formation of abstract, theoretical thinking, that is, concrete thinking is replaced by logical thinking. It is the new mechanism of logical thinking for the teenager that explains the growth of criticality. He no longer accepts the postulates of adults on faith, he requires proof and justification.

At this time, the life self-determination of a teenager takes place, plans for the future are formed. There is an active search for one's "I" and experimentation in various social roles. A teenager changes himself, tries to understand himself and his abilities. The demands and expectations placed on him by other people change. He is forced to constantly adjust, adapt to new conditions and situations, but this does not always happen successfully.

The problem of the HIV epidemic is a threat to the stability of modern society, which is growing every day. According to official statisticsas of May 1, 2015, it was officially registered933 419 infected with HIV and death reported192 465 of them according to Rospotrebnadzor. According to Rospotrebnadzor, 24,416 HIV-infected patients died in 2014, which is 9% more than in 2013.

The prevalence of HIV infection as of May 1, 2015 was 0.5% among the entire population of Russia, and among the age group of 15-49 years, 0.9% of the population were infected with HIV. The most affected by HIV infection in 2013 were men aged 30-34 years (2.5% of those infected with HIV) and women of the same age (1.4%).

The most affected subjects of the Russian Federation include: Irkutsk (1457.3 registered people living with HIV per 100 thousand population), Sverdlovsk (1428.1), Samara (1346.0), Kemerovo (1333.4), Orenburg (1093.6 ), Leningrad (1087.5) regions, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (1060.6), St. Petersburg (927.8), Chelyabinsk (894.5), Ulyanovsk (843.3), Novosibirsk (811, 2) regions and the Republic of Crimea (799.2).

In the Russian Federation, HIV infection predominantly affects the young population, but there has been a movement of infection into older age groups. In 2014, new HIV cases were predominantly registered among Russians aged 30-40 (46.8%). There has been a steady upward trend in the number of infected women (the feminization of the epidemic), which leads to an increase in the number of children born to HIV-infected mothers. During the years of the epidemic, more than 135 thousand such children were born, of which 7881 children were diagnosed with HIV infection.

From these statistics, we can conclude that the epidemic affects,not only adults, but also children and all sectors of society. But the development of this epidemic leads to the aggravation of social, economic, psychological and other problems of modern society.

In our country, health authorities have traditionally dealt with the problems associated with the growing spread of HIV / AIDS and the development of countermeasures until recently. But since the epidemic is becoming widespread, any educational institution cannot stand aside.

When conducting primary prevention of AIDS/HIV at school, it is necessary to choose methods and forms of work, taking into account the peculiarities of adolescence, therefore, inviting specialists from this field (doctors, psychologists, and others) will be a particularly effective way to introduce young people to a healthy lifestyle.

Human health is the most important life value, not only of an individual, but of the whole society.

Goals:

Education of senior students (grades 8-11) of a general education institution and their parents under the program of primary prevention of HIV infection for:

Formation of sustainable positive motivation for a healthy lifestyle;

Formationsskills to counter risk behaviors (including drug use) that contribute to HIV infection.

- formationtolerant attitude towards HIV-positive people and their immediate environment.

Tasks:

collect an application - consent from parents to work with their children on the prevention of AIDS / HIV in

conclude an agreement with the hospital for preventive workAIDS/HIV inadolescent and youth environment.

collection of information related to the prevention and problem of AIDS/HIV.

provide objective information to students, parents (legal representatives) about the problem of the spread of HIV infection among adolescents and youth.

familiarize target groups with the peculiarities of international and Russian legislation in the field of HIV / AIDS and drug addiction prevention

before and after work on this program, to identify their attitudes towards HIV-positive people.

to diagnose studentsparents/legal representativesbefore and after work on this program, to identify their knowledge about AIDS/HIV.

formation of valueattitudes towards their own health and the health of those around them among the target groups - students, parents / legal representatives.

formation of a tolerant attitude towards HIV-positive people and their immediate environment among representatives of the target groups.

formationskills to deal with risky behaviors (including drug use) that contribute to HIV infection

Formation of the concept of personality, its structural components

Formation of effective communication skills, empathy and affiliation.

Formation of ideas about the range of feelings, ways of their manifestation and regulation.

Formation of perceptions of needs in adolescence

Formation of healthy sex-role and family identification

Activate the parent's motivation to educate the child in a healthy lifestyle

Motivate parents to participate in preventive activities

Help parents develop skills to effectively communicate and discuss HIV-related issues with their children.

Summarizing

Program participants .

The program will be implemented by:

school students;

School staff;

Parents;

- various specialists(doctors, psychologists and others).

The main principles of the program implementation.

Health protection is connected with education and upbringing - inseparable elements of school education: education - mastery of knowledge and information; upbringing - the formation of skills for responsible behavior and healthy attitudes, the development of personal and social competence.

Preventive education is based on scientifically established patterns. The developed program is based onbasicprinciplesorganization of preventive education in the field of HIV/AIDS in the educational environment:

The principle of consistency

involves the development and implementation of programmatic preventive measures based on a systematic analysis of the current social and epidemiological situation in relation to HIV infection in the country.

The principle of strategic integrity

determines a single holistic strategy for preventive activities, which determines the main strategic directions and specific activities and actions.

The principle of multidimensionality

educational aspect, forming a basic system of ideas and knowledge about the socio-psychological, medical, legal, moral and ethical consequences of HIV infection.

Social aspect ,focused on the formation of positive moral and ethical values ​​that determine the choice of a healthy lifestyle;

Psychological aspect ,aimed at the formation of stress-resistant personal resources, positive cognitive assessments, as well as attitudes "to be successful", to be able to make a positive alternative choice in a difficult life situation.

• The principle of situational adequacy

means the compliance of preventive actions with the real socio-economic situation in the country and in the educational environment, ensuring continuity, integrity, dynamism, constancy, development and improvement of preventive activities, taking into account the assessment of the effectiveness and monitoring of the situation.

• The principle of individual adequacy

implies the development of preventive programs taking into account the age, gender and other characteristics of the target groups.

The principle of legitimacy

preventive activities must comply with the legislation of the Russian Federation and existing regulations.

The principle of respect for human rights

preventive actions should not violate human rights and individual freedom; including, the consent of the parents (legal representatives) of minors must be obtained for the participation of minors in preventive education programs that affect issues of sexuality education.

The principle of complexity

implies consistency of interaction:

at the interdepartmental level - bodies and institutions responsible for the implementation of various aspects of HIV / AIDS prevention in the educational environment within their competence (bodies and institutions of education, healthcare, etc.);

at the professional level - specialists of various professions whose functional duties include various aspects of preventive work (educators, teachers, preschool and school psychologists, doctors, social educators, social workers, employees of the commission for minors and the protection of their rights, inspectors of departments for minors );

at the departmental level - education authorities and health authorities at the federal, regional, municipal levels, as well as institutions responsible for interaction coordination of various preventive activities of preventive education in the field of HIV / AIDS in the educational environment

The principle of scientific validity

involves the development and implementation of preventive measures based on modern scientific views and factual materials.

The organization of preventive activities of students proceeds from the fact that the expectations of adolescents are associated with success, recognition from the family and peers, solvency and independence in the implementation of their own ideas. Purposeful preventive activities of students should be provided with a formed preventive environment of the school and the way of school life.

The Program should include the following three stages:

organizational and administrative

creation of a preventive school environment that supports the experience of students in the preservation and promotion of health, forming constructive expectations and patterns of healthy and safe behavior;

the formation of the way of life and traditions of the school, focused on the creation of a system of social relations between students, teachers and parents in the spirit of health and safety values ​​on the basis of partnership and cooperation;

development of forms of social partnership with public institutions and organizations to expand the field of interaction between students in promoting a healthy lifestyle, preventing addictive behaviors, protecting against dangers and threats of a social nature and involving students in social activities in these areas;

adaptation of the processes of spontaneous social activity of students by means of purposeful activities to develop a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle;

coordination of the activities of peers, teachers, parents, school employees, representatives of public and other organizations to solve the problems of educating a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle;

creating conditions for the organized activities of school social groups to develop a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle;

creating an opportunity for students to influence changes in the school environment, forms, goals and style of social interaction of the school society in the development of a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle;

maintaining a subjective character in the development of a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle of a student, the development of his independence and initiative in preventive activities;

motivation, stimulation and development of the readiness of educators to conduct preventive activities;

organizing and conducting professional training of teaching staff involved in preventive activities.

organizational and pedagogical

ensuring the purposefulness, consistency and continuity of the process of educating a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle for students;

ensuring a variety of forms of pedagogical support for preventive activities that create conditions for the personal growth of students, productive behavior change;

creation in the process of interaction with students of conditions for the preventive activity of the individual using the knowledge of age-related physiology and sociology, social and pedagogical psychology;

creation of conditions for preventive activities of students in the process of education and upbringing;

ensuring the possibility of socialization of students in the areas of adaptation to new social conditions, integration into new types of social relations, self-actualization of activities in the direction of "culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle, prevention of dependent forms of behavior";

determination of the dynamics of social roles performed by students in order to assess the effectiveness of their entry into the system of social relations in promoting a healthy lifestyle, preventing dependent forms of behavior, and protecting against dangers and threats of a social nature;

the use of social preventive and health-saving activities as a leading factor in the formation of a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle for a student;

using the role of the team in the formation of a preventive, health-saving orientation of the student's personality, his social and civic position in the field of health and safety;

stimulation of conscious social initiatives and activities of students based on the motive of activity (desire, awareness of the need, interest in preventive and health-saving activities, etc.).

educational

formation of an active position and responsible behavior in the process of educational, extracurricular, extracurricular, socially significant activities of students in relation to health and safety;

the assimilation of social experience, the main social roles corresponding to the age of students in terms of mastering the norms and rules of social behavior that ensure the safety of life and health of people;

the formation of a student's own constructive style of social behavior in the course of pedagogically organized interaction with the social environment on issues of a healthy lifestyle, prevention of addictive behavior;

achieving a level of physical, social and spiritual development adequate to one's age;

active participation in changing the school environment and accessible areas of life of the surrounding society from the standpoint of safety for life and health, preservation and promotion of health;

awareness of the motives of their preventive and health-saving activities;

development of pedagogical competence of parents (legal representatives) in order to promote the socialization of students in the family; taking into account the individual and age characteristics of students, the cultural and social needs of their families;

active involvement of parents in the preventive and health-saving activities of the school, the development of forms of joint activity.

Systematic work on the formation of a healthy and safe lifestyle, the prevention of addictive forms of behavior should be organizedin the following areas :

Creation and development of conditions for the implementation of preventive activities in an educational institution: personnel, financial and economic, material and technical, psychological and pedagogical, educational and methodological; modern information and educational environment;

Effective organization of physical culture, sports, recreational work, socially significant forms of leisure activities alternative to risky behavior;

Rational organization of educational and extracurricular activities of students, corresponding to the values ​​of health and healthy lifestyle declared in the school community;

Organization of a system of advanced training and methodological work with educators;

Organization of educational work with parents (legal representatives), informing parents about the content of the planned preventive programs and obtaining their consent to the implementation of these programs in terms of the curriculum formed by the participants in the educational process (the recommended intensity of preventive and health-forming education is 1-2 hours per week for throughout the academic year)

Implementation of modular health-forming and preventive educational programs for students through hours of the curriculum formed by the participants in the educational process, as well as through extracurricular activities (circles, electives, elective courses, research work and social projects).

An educational institution can specify the tasks, types and forms of preventive activities, fostering a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle for students, taking into accountthe specifics of the educational institution and the needs of the participants in the educational process .

During the course of the Program, the followingmethods training: explanatory and illustrative, reproductive, practical, partially exploratory, problematic presentation of knowledge and research.

The listed methods are used in classes organized in variousforms : orientation lecture, lectures and seminars, independent work of students with the presentation of their own experience, practical exercises using didactic handouts, group teaching methods: discussions, round tables, role-playing games, analysis of problem situations, psychological and pedagogical trainings, work in project groups , protection of social project initiatives, educational and methodological and advisory support on all aspects of the Program.

Principles for selecting teaching methods:

1. The principle of taking into account the educational capabilities of students: age, psychological, the level of formation of educational motivation, professional training, qualifications, professional experience.

2. The principle of taking into account the peculiarities of the goals, objectives and content of the training program, a specific topic.

3. The principle of taking into account regional characteristics: the epidemic situation in terms of the prevalence of drug pathology, HIV infection, features of the infrastructure and staffing of the education system, features of interdepartmental interaction on the prevention of drug pathology and HIV infection, the activity of civil society in relation to preventive activities in the educational environment, features development of the socio-cultural environment in a particular region, the level of formation of a health culture in the society of a particular region, the degree of readiness of teaching staff for the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard, etc.

4. The principle of compliance with the existing conditions, the allotted time for teaching, auxiliary teaching aids, and the capabilities of teachers, that is, taking into account the styles of relationships, the management of educational work, and pedagogical communication that have developed between the teacher and participants in the training.

Expected results

Result 1: Clarification of the position of each participant in the training regarding the relevance of the problem of the spread of HIV infection among minors and young people.

Result 2: Awareness of personal and professional responsibility for solving the problem of the spread of HIV infection among minors and young people.

Result 3: Building an active social, including educational, environment that ensures the formation of positive attitudes and values ​​of a healthy lifestyle, style and strategies of socially approved behavior.

Result 4: Formation of positive motivation for a healthy lifestyle.

It should be especially emphasized thatstability of motivation to a healthy lifestyle depends on the continuity, consistency, systemic nature of preventive health-forming influences, as well as on the social and cultural norms regarding health and safe behavior that have developed for a given period of time and in a particular area.

Result 5: Formation of the value of health and attitudes towards health and a healthy lifestyle.

Result 6: Formationskills to deal with risky behaviors (including drug use) that contribute to HIV infection.

Result 7: Develop collaborative strategies to reduce the behavioral risks associated with HIV infection.

Outcome 8: Formation of tolerance towards HIV-positive people and their immediate environment .

Result 9: Elimination of stigma towards people who find themselves in an HIV-vulnerable situation.

Result 10: Development of the pedagogical competence of parents (legal representatives) in order to promote the socialization of students in the family, the development of a preventive and health-saving resource aimed at preventing HIV infection of minors and young people, the formation of a culture of health in the family.

Result 11: Providing information, advisory psychological and pedagogical support to families on the education of adolescents and youth, aimed at eliminating or minimizing risk behavior associated with drug use and HIV infection

Program content

The program consists of two complementary sections:

preventive work with students of an educational institution

preventive work with parents (legal representatives)

Preventive work with students

Educational and thematic plan

Topic name

The purpose of the lesson

Age

Lesson 1. "Find your face."

The concept of personality.A complex of stable personality components (temperament, character, abilities, motivation). Personality, individual and individuality.The concept of personality boundaries. Personal development. Self-esteem.

14-18 years old

Lesson 2. "I know myself in communication with others."

The role of communication in human life. Formation of effective communication skills. I am statements. Me and my friends.

14-18 years old

Lesson 3. "Managing your feelings."

Feelings. Expression of feelings. Separation of feelings from behavior.

14-18 years old

Lesson 4. "Needs and dependencies" .

Addiction as a destructive form of personal protection, as an illusory way of avoiding solving problems.

14-18 years old

Introduction to the problem of HIV/AIDS prevention.

The history of the emergence and spread of HIV / AIDS. Terminological definition of HIV infection and AIDS. Sources of HIV infection. Mechanisms of transmission of HIV infection. The main ways of transmission of HIV infection. Groups at risk of HIV infection.

14-18 years old

"Immunity and its importance".

Definition of the concept of "immunity". The study of the structure and functions of the immune system of the human body.Cells and organs of the immune system.Specific and non-specific immunity. hardening. Formation of the ability to transfer knowledge about the features of the immune system.

14-18 years old

Lesson 7. "The value of health."

Formation of a value attitude to health in adolescents and young people.

14-18 years old

Lesson 8. "Morals and morality in human life."

The concept of morality and morality. The concept of the meaning of life and its value. The concept of personal values, family values. The concept of masculinity and femininity in modern society.Use of proverbs and sayingsatstudying the norms of morality, culture of behavior;awareness of the importance of family traditions in solving the problems of raising boys and girls.

14-18 years old

Class 9 . "Confidence is my business card."

How to set goals, solve problems and make decisions. The concept of group pressure and making one's own decision. Confident behavior in difficult life situations. Training of assertive behavior in situations of psychological pressure and manipulation. Training of mental self-regulation in the prevention of risky behavior among students. Risk avoidance skills.

14-18 years old

Lesson 1 0 . "People of Equal Opportunity".

Socio-psychological and economic consequences of HIV.Tolerance.The activities of public organizations and individuals who are fighting the HIV epidemic. StoryRed ribbon.

14-18 years old

Lesson 1 1 . "Life Perspectives".

Discussion of the results of joint work. Supporting the mood for further independent work. Formation and development of a volunteer movement among adolescents and young people to prevent the use of psychoactive substances and the prevention of HIV infection.

14-18 years old

Test control

14-18 years old

Preventive work with parents (legal representatives)

Educational and thematic plan

The family as a preventive potential.

lecture

Relationships in the family as the basis of mutual understanding.

lecture

The personality of a teenager.

Difficult teenager.

Discussion with students

HIV/AIDS - myths and reality.

lecture

Resources and opportunities.

lecture

Action plan for HIV prevention

Meeting with medical staff (grades 8-11)

Deputy Educational work, social pedagogue

Questionnaire for parents "What do you know about HIV infection?"

Psychologist, social pedagogue

Speech to parents by specialists from organizations and institutions involved in the prevention of alcoholism, smoking, drug addiction and HIV / AIDS.

Deputy Educational work, social pedagogue

Placement of information for parents on the problem of HIV/AIDS on the school website.

social teacher

Consideration at the Pedagogical Council of the issue of the state of preventive work on the problem of HIV / AIDS at school.

Psychologist, social pedagogue

Measures for the moral education of adolescents in order to form a socially safe model of behavior

Classroom teachers

Used Books

Belyaeva V.V., Ruchkina E.V. Counseling in the rehabilitation system for HIV infection. Epidemiology and infectious diseases. - 2001. No. 1.

Vakhrusheva I.G., Blinova L.F. Way to success. Handbook for working with parents for the school / under the general. ed. I.G. Vakhrusheva. - Kazan:

Rakhmanova A.G., Voronov E.E., Fomin Yu.A. HIV infection in children - St. Petersburg, 2003.

Frankham J., Kanabus A. Talking to Adolescents About AIDS: A Parent's Guide. – Tallinn, 1993.

School without drugs. A book for teachers and parents. Ed. L.M. Shipitsyna, E.V. Kazakova. - SPb., 2001.

How to protect your child from HIV/AIDS. Help for parents. Ed. L.M. Shipitsyna, L.S. Shpilenya. - M., 2006. - 88 p.

Program of Primary Prevention of HIV/AIDS and Risky Behavior for Children of Senior Adolescence “Ladya”. Moscow, 2012. Russian Round Table.

Prevention of HIV/AIDS among children and youth. Textbook for students of pedagogical universities. Ed. K.G. Gurevich, L.M. Shipitsyna. - M., 2006. - 80 p.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE BRYANSK REGION

STATE BUDGET VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

"KOMARICH MECHANIKO - TECHNOLOGICAL COLLEGE"

HIV Prevention and Healthy Lifestyle Promotion Program

Basis for program development: Federal Law of March 30, 1995 No. 38-FZ "On the prevention of the spread in the Russian Federation of a disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV infection)".

Program developer: GBPOU Komarichsky Mechanics and Technology College

Strategic goal - through health to excellent studies and a successful career.

Program goals: Formation of healthy lifestyle ideas among young people, prevention of further spread of HIV infection through active preventive measures, training and education programs.

Program objectives:

1. Formation of a value attitude to a healthy lifestyle among college students.
2. Creation of conditions in the technical school for the formation of a positive attitude towards oneself and the world around; increasing the comfortable stay of students on the territory of the technical school.
3. Formation of students' skills of responsible behavior.
4. Work with community organizations to identify the most appropriate and effective ways to educate young people about HIV/AIDS.
5. Involvement of qualified specialists in preventive work.
6. Organization of activities for the prevention of HIV infection and AIDS among KITT students.
7. Informing students about assistance services for HIV-infected people, about the responsibility for the spread of HIV / AIDS, humane attitude towards HIV-infected people.

Expected results of the program implementation:

1. Formation of a healthy lifestyle among students.
2. Creation of an asset involved in the systematic work to promote a healthy lifestyle.
3. Carrying out activities (lectures, conversations, ten days, actions) aimed at reducing the use of psychoactive substances and informing students about ways to protect themselves from HIV infection.
4. Increasing the number of students involved in preventive activities.
5. As a result, a decrease in the prevalence of HIV infection among students.

Program implementation period: 2012-2016

Rationale for the program:

HIV infection has become a constant companion of drug addiction; it is known that more than 90% of HIV-infected people use drugs.

According to experts from the World Health Organization, the number of AIDS patients in the 21st century has increased significantly.

In the Russian Federation, 562,088 cases of HIV infection were registered (the rate per 100,000 population is 395.8), including 31,903 new cases of HIV infection detected in 2010 (the rate per 100,000 population is 22.5).

In 2011, the theme for World AIDS Day was "Towards zero" - zero new infections, zero discrimination and zero AIDS-related deaths. The UN-sponsored Towards Zero campaign will continue until 2015.

The Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases of the Bryansk Region publishes its statistics quite regularly, and based on it it is clear that the goal of "zero" in the region is far away. In total, according to the institution, in the region from 1989 to September 30, 2013, 2204 HIV-infected residents of the Bryansk region were registered. In addition, 268 citizens of the Russian Federation from other regions, 260 foreign citizens and stateless persons, 46 people who were examined anonymously were registered. A total of 2778 cases of HIV infection were registered. 554 HIV/AIDS patients died, incl. 517 residents of the region.

For 9 months of this year, 141 new cases of HIV infection were registered among Russian citizens, residents of the region (in 137 people, HIV infection was detected in the region and 4 people arrived in the region with a diagnosis of HIV infection and were registered). This is 6 cases (4.2%) less than in the same period in 2012. In addition, 14 nonresident citizens of the Russian Federation and 11 foreigners were identified. In just 9 months, 166 new cases of HIV infection were registered. The decrease in incidence occurred due to a decrease in registered cases of infection of men with intravenous drug use.

More new cases than last year were registered in 11 out of 30 administrative territories (excluding the regional center). The greatest increase in the incidence was noted in the Pochepsky district (by 4 cases), in the Navlinsky and Gordeevsky districts (by 3 cases). In terms of incidence in 2013, the cities of Seltso (54.9 per 100 thousand population), Rognedinsky (28.7), Gordeevsky (26.7), Dyatkovsky (19.6), Navlinsky (17.8), Klimovsky (17.3) and Pochepsky (14.8) districts.

Bryansk is the leader in the region in terms of growth in the number of cases. As of September 30, 2013, 702 cases of HIV infection were registered in the city among citizens of the Russian Federation and residents of the region. A total of 774 cases of HIV infection have been registered in Bryansk.
For 9 months of this year, 48 new cases were registered in the city. This is 20 cases (1.8 times) more than in 9 months of 2012. There are 5 more people (four women and one man) who have been infected through “drug addiction”, and 13 more people have been infected through heterosexual means. Two men contracted homosexually. The incidence increased especially sharply in Volodarsky (from 1 to 11 cases) and Bezhitsky (from 12 to 24 cases) districts.

In general, in Russia, according to Rospotrebnadzor, in the first nine months of 2013, 54.6 thousand new cases of HIV infection were registered among citizens of the Russian Federation, which is 7.1% more than in the same period in 2012. According to the department, the main cause of HIV infection in the country remains the intravenous injection of drugs with non-sterile instruments (almost 58% of all new cases of infection). At the same time, 40% of the patients became infected through heterosexual contact.

Since it is not possible to completely eliminate HIV infection and AIDS at the present stage, HIV-AIDS prevention is of paramount importance.

The public is beginning to understand that the education sector should play an important role in preventing HIV infection and providing preventive services. Since HIV infection is a social disease, it is important to instill in young people the skills of responsible behavior: lead a healthy lifestyle, use protection against infection during sexual intercourse, improve the culture of sexual relations, and be able to resist the influence of others. The role of education in HIV/AIDS prevention continues to grow. Young people can and should be influenced through HIV/AIDS awareness and healthy lifestyle programs.

ACTIONS TO IMPLEMENT THE PROGRAM

	Events	Period of execution	Responsible
	Establishment of a regulatory and legal framework that ensures the effective solution of prevention tasks	During	Deputy for OIA
	Socio-psychological monitoring, including questioning of first-year students, assessment of the socio-psychological climate in the groups of the first year of study, assessment of well-being (identification of disadvantaged) places of residence and leisure of students.	September-October 2012-2016	Cl. leaders, Deputy for UVR
	Promoting an active lifestyle in the college. Holding days of health, sports days.	During	Deputy for UVR., Head of Physical Education
	A decade of information and preventive work under the motto “I know. I support. I join. We are against HIV/AIDS.”		Deputy for UVR., Komarich Central District Hospital, nurse
	Organization and implementation of creative works of students of the technical school (posters, slogans, photo exhibitions, etc.).	December, April 2011-2013	Cl. leaders, Deputy for UVR
	Carrying out an action timed to coincide with World AIDS Day "Protect Your Love"		Cl. leaders, group assets, Deputy for UVR
	Training in the conduct of preventive work curators, educators of student dormitories and their inclusion in the implementation of the prevention program.	During	Deputy for UVR, Komarich Central District Hospital, nurse
	Conducting lectures with the involvement of gynecologists, venereologists.	September-October 2012-2016	Deputy for water management, Komarich Central District Hospital

HIV PREVENTION PROGRAM IN THE GENERAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Conceptual bases of the program of prevention of an HIV-infection.

In accordance with the “Concept of preventive education in the field of HIV/AIDS prevention in the educational environment” approved by the Russian Ministry of Education and Science, the development of HIV prevention programs should be guided by the principle of multidimensionality. The Concept formulates the basic principles on the basis of which it is recommended to create training training programs.

The principle of consistency involves the development and implementation of programmatic preventive measures based on a systematic analysis of the current social and epidemiological situation in relation to HIV infection in the country.

The principle of strategic integrity determines a single holistic strategy for preventive activities, which determines the main strategic directions and specific activities and actions.

The principle of multidimensionality involves a combination of various aspects of preventive activities: the educational aspect, which forms the basic system of ideas and knowledge about the socio-psychological, medical, legal, moral and ethical consequences of HIV infection; the social aspect, focused on the formation of positive moral and ethical values ​​that determine the choice of a healthy lifestyle; the psychological aspect aimed at the formation of stress-resistant personal resources, positive-cognitive assessments, as well as attitudes "to be successful", to be able to make a positive alternative choice in a difficult life situation.

Axiological principle(value orientation). This principle includes the formation of a worldview in children and youth based on the concepts of universal human values, the attractiveness of a healthy lifestyle, law-abidingness, respect for the individual, the state, the environment, which are guidelines and regulators of their behavior. Acceptance of universal values ​​and norms of behavior is one of the main moral and ethical barriers to HIV infection and, as a result, containment of the HIV epidemic.

The principle of situational adequacy means the compliance of preventive actions with the real socio-economic situation in the country and in the educational environment, ensuring continuity, integrity, dynamism, constancy, development and improvement of preventive activities, taking into account the assessment of the effectiveness and monitoring of the situation.

The principle of individual adequacy implies the development of preventive programs taking into account the age, gender, cultural, national, religious and other characteristics of the target groups.

The principle of legitimacy- preventive activities must comply with the legislation of the Russian Federation and international law.

The principle of respect for human rights- preventive actions should not violate human rights and freedoms.

The principle of complexity- implies the consistency of interaction: at the professional level - specialists of various professions, whose functional duties include various aspects of preventive work (educators, teachers, preschool and school psychologists, doctors, social teachers, social workers, employees of the commission for minors and the protection of their rights, inspectors of departments for juvenile affairs, etc.); at the departmental level - bodies and institutions of relevant departmental affiliation, carrying out activities for the prevention of HIV / AIDS in the educational environment (at the federal, regional and municipal levels); at the interdepartmental level - bodies and institutions responsible for the implementation of various aspects of HIV / AIDS prevention in the educational environment within their competence (bodies and institutions of education, healthcare, etc.); at the level of state, public and international organizations.

Sample programs for primary general, basic general and secondary (complete) general education and teaching aids can be used to integrate didactic units related to HIV prevention and substance abuse. The use of these objects can occur in different contexts. Let us formulate these contexts in the categories of individual and social. The individual refers to the person himself with his anatomical and physiological components and personal psychology. To the public we will refer social groups and public institutions that regulate the life of a person in society. The resulting categories can become the primary basis for didactic units and elements of the content of education.

Biomedical. This category grouped didactic units that are related to medical physiological, microbiological, pathogenetic knowledge. These include, for example, knowledge of what immunity, a lymphocyte, a virus are. Knowledge in this category cannot by itself affect the possibility of infection or prevent drug use, however, it certainly gives meaning to risk-free behavior.

Socio-psychological. This category grouped didactic units that are related to the human personality and that affect his behavior: emotions, self-esteem, dependence on the opinion of another person, self-esteem. In contrast to the category "biology", this category groups together elements that make it possible to appeal to the activity of the individual and shape his behavior.

Social. Groups elements that include the impact on the individual of the state and the international community with its political, legal and economic aspects. as well as the categories that determine the existence of a person in various social groups: the family, the company of peers, as well as the elements that regulate and mean communications in small groups: friendship, love, group pressure, etc.

The above categories can be combined into two dichotomies: individual: biology - psychology, public: economics and law - social groups. The principle of such a combination is that one vector of each of these dichotomies is relatively passive, in terms of behavior and influence, the other is relatively active (See Fig. 1). At the intersection of individual and social knowledge and competencies, conclusions can be drawn about the representation of various elements of analysis in terms of "passive" knowledge, and "effector" competencies that are focused on the development of specific behavioral patterns. It should be noted that knowledge, as well as competence, is not always the basis for changing behavior. An example is smoking. Each pack of cigarettes is written about the dangers of smoking for health. However, many people continue to smoke knowing about this danger.

Figure #1

This involves a combination of various aspects of preventive activities: the educational aspect, which forms the basic system of ideas and knowledge about the socio-psychological, medical, legal, moral and ethical consequences of HIV infection; the social aspect, focused on the formation of positive moral and ethical values ​​that determine the choice of a healthy lifestyle; the psychological aspect, aimed at the formation of stress-resistant personal resources, positive cognitive assessments, as well as attitudes "to be successful", to be able to make a positive alternative choice in a difficult life situation. Prevention of HIV infection and substance abuse involves issues studied in a wide variety of disciplines. The categories of morality and morality are studied in the humanities, the problems of the physiological and pathological effects of a virus or the action of a drug are studied in a biology course, economic problems associated with the HIV pandemic are considered in geography lessons, etc. An additional difficulty in the prevention of HIV infection is the discussion of the most intimate secret issues related to love, sensual pleasures, and sexuality. Here the teacher must pass between the Scylla of hypocrisy, the unwillingness to see the realities of modern life, and the Charybdis of cynical naturalism and vulgar instructions.

Substance abuse prevention issues are also at the crossroads of heated public debate. On the one hand, illegal drug use is on the rise among young people, and high school students often turn out to be more experienced experts in the field of drug use than teachers. On the other hand, double standards associated with aggressive advertising of low-alcohol drinks (beer) in the media make schoolchildren suspicious of anti-alcohol propaganda at school. With the ongoing mass epidemic of smoking (half of the adult population of Russia smokes), it is difficult to organize effective propaganda against tobaccoism. An effective solution to the problem lies in the systematic interdisciplinary integration on issues related to the prevention of HIV infection, drug addiction, substance abuse, alcoholism, tobaccoism.

Target group of the program

The program is designed for students in grades 5-11.

The material is a list of didactic units structured according to the levels of general education: basic general, secondary (complete) general education.

The complexity of the problem of preventing HIV infection and substance abuse leads to the unification of didactic units according to the aspects of study: biomedical, socio-psychological, social.

Goals.

The structure of the goals of studying the problem is built taking into account the need for the comprehensive development of the student's personality and includes the development of knowledge, mastery of skills, education, development and practical application of acquired knowledge and skills (key competencies). All goals presented are of equal value. The fundamental importance of this program is the goal related to with the formation of normative behavior minimizing the likelihood of HIV infection.

The study by students of the problems of preventing HIV infection is aimed at achieving the following goals:

learning about HIV infection, modes of transmission of HIV, behavioral factors that contribute to infection, knowledge of normative behavior in which the risk of HIV infection is excluded or minimal;

mastering knowledge about the dangers of using psychoactive substances;

development of behavioral skills that help reduce the risk of HIV infection and dependence on psychoactive substances, the development of positive behavior skills that eliminate the risk of HIV infection;

fostering a sense of responsibility, tolerance, basic moral values;

mastering the ability to anticipate potentially dangerous situations and avoid them, in a situation of increased risk, choose effective methods of activity.

List of didactic units

Basic general education.

Immunity. HIV and other socially significant infections (hepatitis, tuberculosis, sexually transmitted infections). Features of the epidemiology of HIV infection. The structure of the HIV cell. HIV and AIDS. Methods of transmission of HIV infection. Biological bases of behavior. Features of adolescence: physiological and hygienic aspects. Rules for the use of drugs. Drug abuse. Side effects of drugs. Psychoactive substances: alcohol, drugs, tobacco. Danger of substance abuse. Human diseases associated with the use of psychoactive substances. Addiction. Alcoholism. Tobaccoism. addictive behavior.

Personality; individuality; self-perception, self-esteem (Who am I and how should I treat myself). Sex differences in human behavior. Features of adolescence: psychological, social aspects. Goal-setting and ways to achieve the goal (What I want and how to achieve it (the ability to set goals and socially acceptable ways to achieve them). Responsible attitude to health. Biological and social in human relationships. Relationships between a teenager and peers: group pressure. Ways to resist group pressure. Life values ​​Risky behavior, justified and unjustified risk Aggressive behavior and violence Opportunities to avoid a situation of violence Ways of behavior in a situation of violence Tolerance Human needs: the need for respect, understanding, love Friendship and love Relationships between girls and women young men: friendship, sympathy, first love Family: family traditions in different nations Family traditions in the past and present Drugs and health Life style of a person addicted to psychoactive substances Critical attitude to advertising

Social aspects of the problem.

HIV infection is an urgent problem of our time (why is it important for us to know about it). epidemics. Responsibility for the spread of infections. When, where and how to seek medical help. Organizations and specialists involved in the problems of HIV prevention (children's polyclinics and adolescent doctors, PPMS centers, psychological services, school psychologists, social workers and teachers). HIV and human rights.

Secondary (complete) general education.

Medico-biological aspects of the problem.

Reproductive health of boys and girls. Symptoms of HIV infection. The development of HIV infection. Antibodies. Window period. Asymptomatic period. HIV testing. Ways to protect against HIV infection. Modern methods of treatment and drug support for HIV-infected and AIDS patients. Transmission of HIV infection from mother to child. Injection drug addiction is an increased risk of HIV infection.

Socio-psychological aspects of the problem.

Psychological and moral aspects of HIV infection. Groups at risk of HIV infection. Providing support and communication with HIV-infected people. Self-control and self-regulation of mood and behavior. Relationships with the opposite sex. Conflicts. Ways to resolve conflicts. Sexual violence: situations, causes, reasonable behavior. Responsible behaviour. Planning and implementation of plans. Freedom and responsibility. The problem of choice and responsibility for personal choice. The system of values ​​in the context of the development of the human community. Hedonistic approach to life. The meaning of life and life goals. The value of the human person. The value of life and health. Death. Family as a value.

Social aspects of the problem.

HIV / AIDS: history of origin, spread around the world, current situation, development to epidemic proportions. Epidemics in the history of mankind, a model for the development of an epidemic; relationships between people during epidemics. Legislation in the field of HIV/AIDS. HIV/AIDS and Human Rights: International and Russian Practice. Organizations and specialists dealing with the problems of HIV infection prevention (AIDS centers, international organizations, public organizations, adolescent office in the district clinic, antenatal clinics (adolescent gynecologist), family planning centers, dermatovenerological dispensary, medical centers; organizations and specialists working in your city, region). Rights and responsibilities of a client receiving medical services. Physician's responsibility. Medical secrecy.

Proposals to supplement the federal component of the standard of basic general education with topics on the prevention of HIV infection and substance abuse.

The draft section of the general education standard on the prevention of HIV infection and substance abuse was developed in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" and the Concept for the Modernization of Russian Education for the Period up to 2010, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1756-r dated December 29, 2001.

Draft additions to the standard of basic general education on the prevention of HIV infection and substance abuse and is structured according to the levels of general education (basic general, secondary (complete) general education) and includes:

goals studying the subject;

mandatory minimum content basic educational programs in this subject;

requirements for the level of training graduates in this subject.

Goals. In the Draft Additions to the Standard of General Education for the Prevention of HIV Infection and Substance Abuse, the goals are specified at each level (goals of basic general and secondary (complete) general education). The structure of the goals of studying the problem is built taking into account the need for the comprehensive development of the student's personality and includes the development of knowledge, mastery of skills, education, development and practical application of acquired knowledge and skills (key competencies). All goals presented are of equal value.

Mandatory minimum content.

It is represented by the generalized content of education in the form of a set of subject topics that are proposed for inclusion in educational programs. The mandatory minimum includes scientific ideas and facts on the problem that determine the worldview positions of a person and provide conditions for socialization, intellectual and general cultural development of students, and the formation of their social literacy. The obligatory minimum ensures the continuity of the levels of general education, provides students with the opportunity to successfully continue their education at subsequent stages (levels) of education. The obligatory minimum does not establish the order (sequence) of studying subject topics within the framework of the levels of general education and does not determine the standards of study time allocated for the study of this didactic unit within the framework of the curriculum. This way of presenting the mandatory minimum expands the variability of the approach to the study of educational material, presents the possibility of multi-level training.

Requirements for the level of training of graduates. The results of mastering the mandatory minimum of the Draft Standard of General Education on the Prevention of HIV Infection and Substance Abuse established by the Draft Standard. The requirements are developed in accordance with the mandatory minimum, are successive in the levels of general education. Requirements are set in an activity form (what, as a result of studying a given subject, students should know, be able to use in practical activities and everyday life). The requirements serve as the basis for the development of control and measuring materials for attestation of students of educational institutions implementing the Draft Standard for the Prevention of HIV Infection and Substance Abuse.

The study by students of the problems of preventing HIV infection and substance abuse at the level of basic general education is aimed at achieving the following goals:

learning about HIV infection, modes of HIV transmission, behavioral factors that contribute to infection, psychoactive substances and their pathogenic effects, risk factors that provoke the abuse of psychoactive substances;

development behavioral skills that help reduce the risk of substance use and HIV infection, understanding the need to delay sexual debut;

upbringing sense of responsibility, value attitude to one's own health and the health of others, family values, values ​​of love, respect for the rights of people of the opposite sex, tolerant attitude towards HIV-positive people;

mastery of skills to anticipate potentially dangerous situations and avoid them, in situations of increased risk to choose effective methods of activity, to use the resource of the society (apply for social support) on the problems of diagnosing HIV infection.

Offers in the mandatory minimum content of the main educational programs

Medico-biological aspects of the problem.

Immunity. HIV and other socially significant infections (hepatitis, tuberculosis, sexually transmitted infections). Features of the epidemiology of HIV infection. The structure of the HIV cell. HIV and AIDS. Methods of transmission of HIV infection. Features of adolescence: physiological and hygienic aspects. Psychoactive substances: alcohol, drugs, tobacco. Danger of substance abuse. Addiction. Alcoholism. Tobaccoism. addictive behavior.

Socio-psychological aspects of the problem.

HIV infection is an urgent problem of our time. addictive behavior. Formation of dependent behavior. Personality; individuality; self-perception, self-esteem (Who am I and how should I treat myself). Features of adolescence: psychological, social aspects. Goal setting and ways to achieve the goal (What I want and how to achieve it (the ability to set goals and socially acceptable ways to achieve them). Responsible attitude to health. Teenager relationships with peers: group pressure. Ways to resist group pressure. Life values. Risky behavior; justified and unjustified risk Aggressive behavior and violence Opportunities to avoid a situation of violence Ways to behave in a situation of violence Tolerance Human needs: the need for respect, understanding, love Friendship and love Relationships between girls and boys: friendship, sympathy, first love Family: family traditions in different nations Family traditions in the past and present Drugs and health Organizations and specialists involved in the prevention of HIV infection and the prevention of substance abuse (AIDS centers, narcological clinics, children's clinics and PPMS centers) HIV and human rights.

Requirements for the level of training of graduates

As a result of learning about HIV prevention, the student should

know / understand

what is HIV infection and AIDS;

modes of transmission of HIV infection;

features of adolescence;

about the negative impact of psychoactive substances on health;

traditional family values;

about important human needs: respect, understanding, love;

on human rights (in relation to HIV-infected people);

about organizations and specialists involved in the problems of HIV infection prevention.

be able to

see the goals of their own activities (answer the question “why am I doing this?”);

set goals;

achieve goals in socially acceptable ways;

take responsibility for your own health;

determine the justification of the risk;

use the social resource (apply for social support) on HIV issues.

use the acquired knowledge and skills in practical activities and everyday life For

self-development (development of the resources of one's own personality: individuality, self-acceptance, positive self-esteem, tolerance);

building effective relationships with peers, resisting group pressure;

avoiding situations of violence and unjustified risk;

anticipation of potentially dangerous situations;

choosing the most effective methods of action in a situation of increased risk;

formation of attitudes related to the non-use of drugs.

HIV/AIDS, give knowledge of the ways

the spread and prevention of HIV infection.

1.Socio-moral aspects of HIV/AIDS. The need to work on

prevention of HIV infection.

One of the problems worrying mankind today is the problem of HIV/AIDS. Over the past few years, from the field of theory, it has become a reality for Belarus.

In Belarus, the number of HIV-infected people is in the thousands, and this is just the tip of the iceberg. This number is growing every day. The majority of human immunodeficiency virus infections occur in young people between the ages of 15 and 29.

Prevention is the only available and sufficiently effective tool that we can use on a large scale and which can help the population to resist this disease.

HIV infection affects the most able-bodied part of the population, influencing demographic indicators (decrease in the birth rate, increase in mortality).

Young parents die from HIV infection, leaving their young children orphaned, the care of which lies with the state.

Due to a lack of understanding of the inevitability of the tragic outcome of the disease, HIV-infected women give birth to children, dooming them to suffering. They are often rejected. The state also has to take care of such children.

HIV-infected and AIDS patients need to be provided with medicines, some of which are provided free of charge, which also requires considerable economic costs. Significant funds are also allocated for the organization of laboratory tests and the diagnosis of HIV infection.

There are often complex relationships between society as a whole, individuals and HIV-infected people.

In view of the fact that there are no specific means of preventing and treating HIV infection, the most important measure to prevent the spread of HIV in the territory of the Republic of Belarus is public education.

The basis of preventive measures is broad, timely and accessible information and education of the population on various aspects of the HIV/AIDS problem. With a conscious attitude to one's health and behavior, the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus can be significantly limited, and even stopped among some population groups.

2,Main aspects of preventive work;

Dissemination of objective information about the epidemic situation in

the republic, adjacent regions;

informing about the ways of HIV infection and the factors of its transmission;

formation of a healthy lifestyle, a responsible attitude to one's health and the health of others;

explanation of measures to prevent HIV infection, the reality of infection with a certain lifestyle;

stimulating the activities of officials to implement preventive measures;

Explanation of legislative, legal and socio-medical measures for

HIV infection and protection of the rights of HIV-infected people;

infected, preventing their discrimination;

Prevention of possible suicides, the development of AIDS phobia, manifestations of AIDS terrorism.

3. Prevention of HIV infection and AIDS:

3.1. HIV prevention measures at the state level

State Program for the Prevention of HIV Infection in the Republic of Belarus.

3.2. Medical measures to prevent HIV infection:

• 
  testing (laboratory research) of donor blood;
• 
  prevention of transmission of the immunodeficiency virus through medical procedures;

prevention of intrauterine infection in children.

3.3. Personal preventive measures:

Exclusion of promiscuity, drug use and injection; the exclusion of tattooing, the use of common razors,

manicure and other personal hygiene items;

Use of personal protective equipment.

3.4. A healthy lifestyle is the basis for HIV/AIDS prevention.

HIV infection is a social problem that, more than other diseases, can
affect the demographic, economic and social aspects of the state, therefore the problem of HIV / AIDS is considered today in Belarus at a high government level.

The prerogative of the Ministry of Health covers only some aspects of preventive work, such as ensuring the safety of donated blood, preventing the transmission of HIV in all types of medical care, and treating sexually transmitted diseases. The implementation of other activities, such as conducting large-scale educational programs on a healthy lifestyle, etc., is possible only with the participation of a wide range of state and public organizations. It is also important to ensure support from the state. Preventive measures will be effective if, during their implementation, partnership and coordination of the activities of individual groups of people, public organizations and government structures are established.

The Republic has developed and approved by the Council of Ministers the State Program for the Prevention of HIV Infection for 2006-2010, which provides for the participation in prevention activities of a wide range of ministries, departments and organizations. The work of ministries and departments is coordinated by the Republican Interdepartmental Council for the Prevention of HIV Infection and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, which includes representatives of 17 ministries and other central government bodies.

The main goal of the State Program is to stabilize and reduce the level of HIV infection, increase life expectancy and reduce mortality in HIV/AIDS patients through a set of preventive and therapeutic measures.

The achievement of the goal will be facilitated by the following tasks:

Creation of conditions for providing medical and psychological assistance to people living with HIV/AIDS, children born to HIV-infected mothers and parents of HIV-exposed children; providing HIV-infected pregnant women with drug prevention of vertical transmission; ensuring access of people living with HIV/AIDS to complex antiretroviral therapy, palliative treatment and care; formation of a model of professional behavior of medical workers to help patients in the context of the spread of HIV / AIDS;

Formation among the population, especially among children and youth, of knowledge on HIV / AIDS and safe life skills; education in children and youth of values ​​and behaviors that contribute to the prevention of HIV infection;

• 
  expanding effective prevention work among drug users as part of a strategy to reduce the risk of infection; development of a network of social and pedagogical institutions;
• 
  ensuring access of drug users, men who have sex with men, women involved in sex work to reliable information on HIV/AIDS, psychological and medical assistance;
• 
  providing medical, psychological and social rehabilitation of drug users.

4. Medical measures for the prevention of HIV infection.

In accordance with the State Program for the Prevention of HIV Infection for 2006-2010. measures are being taken to prevent the transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus through donated blood.

To reduce the risk of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus through donated blood, its components and preparations, a donor selection system has been developed in blood service institutions, a system of deferred testing is being introduced (within 4-6 months from the date of blood donation), which will allow additional (2-3 times) screen donors for the presence of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus before serum and blood products are transfused to the patient.

In the republic, indications for the transfusion of blood and its components to patients are strictly limited, preference is given to blood substitutes.

Diagnostic and treatment procedures, properly performed by healthcare professionals, do not pose a risk to patients and cannot contribute to the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus. Health care facilities have all the necessary conditions to prevent the spread of HIV. They are provided with a sufficient number of disposable medical instruments (syringes, blood transfusion systems), equipment for processing (disinfection, sterilization) of any reused medical equipment with disinfectants. Regularly, the medical staff improves their professional level, which also has a positive effect on the quality of the procedures.

vertical route of infection. Infection of a child from an HIV-infected mother occurs when the virus passes from mother to fetus during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding. In order to prevent the vertical transmission of HIV in the republic, a voluntary HIV examination of pregnant women was organized with counseling before and after the examination. To reduce the risk of infection of a newborn with a vertical route of transmission of HIV infection from 25-30% to 1-2%, drug prophylaxis with antiretroviral drugs (azidothymidine or retrovir, or thymoside) of both mother and child, delivery HIV-infected women by caesarean section (if indicated), artificial feeding of newborns.

Sexual route of infection. A person who does not have sexual intercourse and does not practice intravenous drug use has practically no risk of contracting HIV. Early and promiscuous sexual relations can lead to infection with sexually transmitted diseases, HIV infection, unwanted pregnancy, problems associated with creating a family. Abstinence from sexual intercourse before marriage will relieve the fear of illness and the consequences of sexually transmitted diseases. Using a condom during sexual intercourse will reduce the risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases, HIV infection and the likelihood of unwanted pregnancy. At the same time, it is important to follow the rules for its use.

Parenteral route (the entry of the virus into the blood). A large group of AIDS patients and HIV carriers are syringe addicts. In most cases, in such groups, the drug is injected intravenously with one syringe, followed by its transfer from one drug addict to another. Infection with HIV is also facilitated by the use of an infected drug or common items in its preparation (tampons, filters, utensils). As soon as at least one HIV-infected person appears among drug addicts, after a while the members of the group (about 70% within 2-3 years) become HIV-infected.

Drug addiction is a disease characterized by an irresistible craving for drugs, causing euphoria (excitation) in small doses, and stunning, narcotic sleep in large doses. The consequences are uncontrollable behavior (this can lead to promiscuity), the possibility of contracting HIV infection, and, as a result, death. Therefore, it is better not to succumb to peer pressure, not to try to try, and even more so to use drugs. Even a single drug use can lead to HIV infection. Those who use drugs should contact the narcological service as soon as possible, use individual syringes, needles, do not lend them, and decontaminate the drug after buying it.

Ears should be pierced only in cosmetology rooms, tattoos should be done in special rooms, and it is also necessary to have your own personal hygiene items: shaving and manicure accessories.

A healthy lifestyle is the basis for AIDS prevention.“There are thousands of diseases, but health is one” (L. Berne). "A healthy person is the most precious work of nature" (T. Carlyle). A healthy lifestyle is closely related to a person's awareness of the patterns of development of the body, the knowledge of what is useful for him, what is harmful. The most dangerous of all diseases is ignorance. A healthy lifestyle includes personal hygiene, physical education and hardening, proper nutrition, abstinence from alcohol, tobacco, drugs, and the ability to cope with various experiences. Good habits can contribute to the preservation and promotion of health to the same extent as bad habits can be directed against it. Careless behavior can lead to unforeseen consequences.

Your life and health is in your hands. Each person is able to make the right choice. Raising a responsible attitude to one's own health is the goal of forming a healthy lifestyle.

Additional material.

Sources of HIV infection:

The only source of infection is a person infected with the immunodeficiency virus at all stages of the disease. Animal immunodeficiency viruses are not dangerous to humans and do not cause disease.

The danger lies in the fact that an HIV-infected person feels healthy for a long time. He has not had any manifestations of the disease for several years, as, for example, with the flu. The person leads a normal life. He is no different from others and, usually, does not even know that he is already a carrier of HIV, and under certain circumstances can infect others.

transmission paths.

There are 3 ways of transmission: sexual;

parenteral (when the virus enters the bloodstream); vertical (from mother to child).

In HIV-infected people, the virus is found in all body fluids. But its highest concentration is in the blood, semen of men, vaginal secretions of women, and breast milk. In other environments of the body (saliva, tears, sweat, urine, etc.), its content is insignificant and does not pose a danger in terms of the transmission of HIV infection.

It should be noted that the high probability of HIV infection depends on a person's lifestyle. A homosexual or a prostitute who always uses condoms during sexual intercourse is less at risk of contracting HIV than a “good citizen” who occasionally allows himself unprotected sexual intercourse with unfamiliar partners. And yet, in the context of the intensive spread of HIV, it is impossible to exclude the possibility of infection of each of us.

How HIV is not transmitted.

As a result of many years of observation of multiple household contacts of HIV-infected and AIDS patients, it was found that HIV is not transmitted:

With friendly hugs and kisses;

Through a handshake;

When using cutlery, bedding; through objects of industrial and home furnishings;

Through plumbing equipment, when using the pool, shower;

In public transport;

Insects, including blood-sucking ones;

Airborne.

Thus, it is absolutely safe to communicate with HIV-infected people in an educational institution or at work, eat in the same canteen, live in the same room in a hostel, and use writing materials.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

When viewed under an electron microscope, the virus looks like; exotic flower. HIV belongs to the retrovirus family. With the blood stream, the virus penetrates into all internal organs, glands, lymph nodes, and even tissues such as the cornea of ​​​​the eye, which, as you know, does not have blood vessels. HIV is not released directly from the biological fluids of the human body into the external environment.

HIV infection- an infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. The disease proceeds with the defeat of vital cells of the protective (immune) system of the body, as a result of which the patient develops various inflammatory processes, malignant tumors, leading to death of the infected person.

From the moment of infection to death, sometimes 10-12 years pass, so HIV infection is a slow infection.

HIV-infected- Persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. The category of HIV-infected includes both persons without any manifestations of the disease (carriers of HIV infection) and AIDS patients.

AIDS (Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome)- the last (terminal) stage of the development of HIV infection.

According to the clinical classification adopted in the Republic of Belarus, the disease has 5 stages.

Treatment. fatal outcome.

Since the discovery of HIV, the world has spent more money on the study of HIV infection than on the study of other infections. However, many mysteries of the disease still remain unresolved, despite the fact that the leading scientific centers of the world are engaged in research on HIV infection, using the latest technologies and scientific discoveries. So far, no means have been found for prophylactic vaccinations and for the radical cure of those infected.

The medicines (antiretroviral) drugs available in the arsenal of doctors can only somewhat stabilize the condition of an AIDS patient, alleviate suffering and prolong life.

Due to the high cost of these drugs, they are not available to the majority of HIV-infected people living in poor countries. The cost of treatment is 15-20 thousand US dollars per year. It is necessary to take treatment for several years, and possibly a lifetime.

Laboratory diagnostics.

Laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection is based on the detection in the blood of an HIV-infected person of the virus itself or antibodies to it.

In the initial period of infection (3-6 months) it is impossible to detect the fact of infection. This is the so-called “seroconversion window”, that is, the period of absence! antibodies in the human body. However, during this period, an infected person, unaware of the presence of an infection, is able to infect others. With the advent of antibodies to HIV, it is possible to identify HIV carriers during special laboratory tests that can be taken in any medical facility, as well as in the AIDS prevention departments of the regional and republican centers for hygiene, epidemiology and public health, regardless of place of residence, work, study, voluntarily , including anonymous and free.

An initial positive response does not yet indicate HIV infection (the so-called false positive result). It occurs in pregnant women, people suffering from allergic diseases, with malignant and some other serious diseases. Therefore, repeated testing is necessary to make a definitive diagnosis.

Wherever the analysis was taken, its result is a medical secret.

Head of Prevention Department

HIV/AIDS State Institution "GOTSGEOZ" I.P. Litvin

MEETING-EDUCATION

"HEALTH FOR LIFE"

Interactive working methods

on HIV/AIDS Prevention among Adolescents

AIDS is the plague of today

Now he is the greatest enemy in the world.

The sick person

The path to where cancer leads.

Millions of money released

To find control over him.

Now they know how it infects

But they cannot subdue him.
Every year tens of thousands of lives

Gathers AIDS - its harvest.

They get sick who neglects

The norm of life, loves paradise.

G. Guryanov

While doctors around the world are stubbornly arguing whether there is such a disease as AIDS, or whether it was invented by pharmacists to promote expensive drugs on the market, statistics dispassionately count those who died from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. And even if, compared to the world, where the number is in the millions, for a single locality, the number of deaths of HIV-infected people is calculated on a smaller scale, but still, these are someone's lives. Lives that could burn bright and long.

But the cruel hand of AIDS is taking away young lives at 25, 30, 40. Today it is a reality that HIV-infected people live only half or even a third of the average life expectancy. And humanity is fighting to ensure that in the future such a reality becomes only a lesson from the past ...

The scale of the spread of AIDS has exceeded all expectations. Dozens of countries are affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic, and many more are on the brink of an epidemic. Young people are a particularly vulnerable group of the population. Experts estimate that about 12 million young people aged 15-24 are living with HIV/AIDS, and about 6,000 HIV infections occur daily.

The 20th century confronted us with a difficult problem - AIDS. Starting with a few cases, a year later the disease was registered in 16 countries of the world in 711 people. Exactly 5 years later, 72.5 thousand HIV-infected people were identified in 113 countries. At the beginning of the new millennium, their number reached 40 million, more than died during the Second World War. About 16,000 people are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus every day.

The further development of the epidemic depends on the efforts that are being made today to prevent HIV infection among young people.

Unfortunately, Belarus was no exception. In Belarus, the number of HIV-infected people is in the thousands - and this is just the tip of the iceberg. Scientists have found that for every identified case of HIV infection, there are about 2-3 unrecognized cases. Thus, already now in our country there are tens of thousands of patients.

However, many still remain surprisingly calm, believing that AIDS is somewhere in America or Africa, but not in their country. Meanwhile, not a single person in the world is immune from infection with the human immunodeficiency virus. AIDS threatens us all, because it does not recognize any boundaries: gender, age, nationality, profession, faith and social status. And the most vulnerable in this situation are children.

In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of HIV-infected, venereal disease patients and people who inject drugs throughout Belarus. Increasingly, young people are sexually active at a relatively early age, and premarital sex is becoming more common. Young people are not faithful to one partner and practice forms of behavior that are risky for their health (including injecting drug use).

The desire of young people for new sensations often leads to experimentation with drugs. Drug addiction, which is widespread among young people, is the main cause of HIV infection in our country. As a rule, it all starts with the use of intoxicants, smoking, and ends with injecting drugs. HIV infection among drug addicts is spreading rapidly. One of the reasons for the use of drugs is the "unemployment" of children and leaving them to themselves.

Everyone wants to be recognized. The desire to stand out from the crowd is especially characteristic of children. Adults need to see their individuality and uniqueness, show them attention and love. Perhaps then the children will lose their desire to experiment with their appearance (to get tattoos, piercings, scarring, etc.), which can lead to HIV infection.

These facts emphasize the great importance of the implementation of preventive programs. Many young people, when they start having sex or using drugs, are not even aware of the threat posed by HIV.

Unfortunately, we entered the new millennium not only equipped with computers, but also burdened with juvenile delinquency, alcoholism, drug addiction, venereal diseases and AIDS.

It is in the power of adults, who know and understand all the vicissitudes of life, to protect the future of the nation from impending disaster, to put a barrier in the way of the plague of the twentieth century, to form moral and moral values ​​in children by their personal example. A favorable atmosphere around the child, respect and love of others, the ability to talk heart to heart with him - these are some of the conditions that help protect the younger generation in various life situations. We need to help children develop their abilities, to help them to be busy with their favorite thing in their free time.

M. Johnson spoke correctly: “Don't bury your head in the sand. Anyone can catch the AIDS virus. The first thing to do is to do away with the denial that says, "This can't happen to me." For AIDS, there is no “us” and “them”. And I won't get tired of saying it over and over again. Whether or not you become infected with HIV does not depend on who you are, but on what you do. We are all at risk."

A certain contribution to the work on the prevention of HIV infection among children, adolescents, and youth can be made by teachers working in various educational institutions. The specificity of their activities allows them to convey information on the prevention of HIV infection in an accessible and acceptable form.

Concern for the health and harmonious development of the younger generation obliges adults to protect children from everything that can cause them physical and moral damage, in particular when infected with HIV. If the child made a mistake, give him a helping hand and support in this situation.

We, adults, must teach young people the right behavior, the prevention of contracting this deadly infection, and teach them to make choices in favor of a healthy lifestyle. however, all preventive work should not be reduced to the transfer of information. It is easier for a teenager to understand the proposed options for behavioral stereotypes when there is an opportunity to express their opinion and get answers to unclear questions. One of the most effective forms of work with teenagers is the presentation of information by non-traditional methods.

Let's not rush in this life, let's stop, as the poet Yevgeny Yevtushenko said, and think about what each of us has done to help stop AIDS.

The curse of the century is haste

And the man, wiping off the sweat,

Rushing through life like a pawn

Hunted into time trouble.

Hastily drink, hastily love,

And the soul descends.

Hastily beat, hastily destroy.

And then they repent, in a hurry.

But at least once in the world you

Who sleeps or boils

Stop like a horse in soap

Feeling the abyss at the hooves.

Stop half way

Trust the sky as fate.

Think - if not about God -

Even just about yourself.

Under the rustle of dilapidated leaves,

Under the locomotive hoarse cry

Understand: running around is pathetic,

Stopped - great.

There is strength in indecision

When on the wrong path

Forward to the false lights

You don't dare to go.

When anger pushes you

To the oblivion of my own soul,

To the dishonor of a shot and a word

Don't rush, don't do it!

Stop walking into the blind

O people of the earth!

Freeze, flying from a colt, a bullet,

And, bomb, freeze in the air ...

O man whose name is holy,

Raise your eyes in prayer,

Amid decay and depravity

Stop, stop!

Action plan for HIV prevention

with the school staff

for the 2019/2020 academic year

	Event	Dates	Responsible
	Round table "Prevention of HIV infection through the promotion of a healthy lifestyle"		Deputy Director for BP Denisenko L.N.
	Questionnaire "What do you know about HIV infection"		Teacher-organizer Konovalova O.N.
	Meeting with a health worker "Routes of infection"		Deputy Director for BP Denisenko L.N.
	Single information hour "Lesson for Life"		Classroom teachers
	Seminar workshop "Prevention of HIV infection at school"		Deputy Director for BP Denisenko L.N.
	Competition program "Together against AIDS"		Teacher-organizer Konovalova O.N.
	Press conference "Problems of HIV infection"		Deputy Director for BP Denisenko L.N.
	sportlandia "We are for a healthy lifestyle"		Sivoded L.M.
	Game "Labyrinth"		social educator Shaton I.N.
	Watching a movie "Stop AIDS"		Deputy Director for BP Denisenko L.N.
		1 time per year	Head teacher Serzhan N.V.

Deputy Director

for educational work L.N. Denisenko

State institution APPROVED

Education "Soltanovskaya Secondary School Director

school "Rechitsa district N.V. Serzhan

Action plan for HIV prevention

with students for the 2019/2020 academic year

	Event	Dates	Responsible
	Class hours as part of the Health Week “Youth. Health. Lifestyle"		Classroom teachers 1-11 grades
	Health Days	2nd Saturday of the month	Sivoded L.M. Konovalova O.N.
	Meeting with a health worker "Routes of Infection"		Deputy director of VR Denisenko L.N.
	Action "Youth against AIDS": Single information hour "A lesson in the name of life"; Poster contest “No to AIDS!”; Questionnaire "Do we know about AIDS?"; Dispute "Together against AIDS"; Mosaic game; Thematic disco "Youth against AIDS"	26.11 - 01.12.2019	Deputy Director for BP Denisenko L.N. Teacher-organizer Konovalova O.N. Social teacher Shaton I.N. Classroom teachers
	Creative task "Letter to my peer"
	Role play "Which side?"		Deputy director of VR Denisenko L.N.
	situational game "What is the problem?"		Teacher-organizer Konovalova O.N.
	Creative task "Mini essay"		Konovalova O.N.
	sportlandia "We are for a healthy lifestyle"		Teacher of physical culture and sports Sivoded L.M.
	AIDS Remembrance Day: action "Candle of memory"		Teacher-organizer Konovalova O.N.
	Conducting film lectures and video screenings on this topic	1 time per month	Deputy director of VR Denisenko L.N.
	Passing a medical examination	1 time per year	Deputy director of VR Denisenko L.N.