What happened in the world on May 22. Holidays and events in May

The list of holidays in Russia on May 22, 2018 will acquaint you with state, professional, international, folk, church, unusual holidays that are celebrated in the country on this day. You can choose an event of interest and learn its history, traditions and rituals.

Holidays May 22

International Day for Biological Diversity

Every year since 2001, the International Day for Biological Diversity has been celebrated on the 22nd of May. The holiday was adopted on the basis of a decision of the UN General Assembly back in 1995 after the adoption of the Convention on Biological Diversity. The original date of the ceremony was scheduled for December 29th. However, for a number of reasons, the UN countries could not celebrate at this time of the year, so the date of the holiday was moved to a more convenient one.

The theme of the international holiday changes every year, but is always dedicated to the animal and plant world. The purpose of the event is to call the population of the planet Earth to the conservation of flora and fauna. People use the wealth of nature and, not noticing the harmful effects, destroy it. It is the preservation of the world's biological diversity that lies in the interpretation of the well-known UN Convention, to which 196 countries are parties.

Spring Makoshye (Earth Day)

Spring Makoshya or Earth Day, according to the ancient Slavic tradition, is celebrated on May 10th. It is also called Holy Day, since on this holiday the birthday girl Mother Cheese-Earth is honored. It is believed that the earth wakes up on the Spring Makoshye after a winter sleep. On this day, in no case should you plow, harrow the ground, dig, stick various objects into it - stakes, knives, etc. The Earth is a birthday girl on this day - she listens to congratulations and kind words. On this day, the Slavic Magi lie down on the ground and, leaning their ear against it, listen attentively. The earth is a living being that can help or punish, therefore the pagan Slavs had special reverence for it, not just as a living entity, but as a goddess who is always there.

On Earth Day, Veles and Makosh are revered as earthly, human intercessors.

Nikola Veshny

Story

Saint Nicholas is a great saint of God, saint and miracle worker. He died in the middle of the 4th century. His name is known in all corners of the globe. Temples, cathedrals, monasteries were and continue to be called in honor of the saint. In Russia, it is difficult to find a city in which there is no Nikolsky temple or the church of St. Nicholas.

The relics of the saint were kept in the Lycian cathedral church until hard times came in Greece at the end of the 8th century. The Turks constantly ravaged its territories, plundered and burned cities, and desecrated holy places. They sought to destroy the remains of St. Nicholas, who was deeply revered by the entire Christian people.

In 1087, the inhabitants of the city of Bar came to Myra specifically to take the relics of the saint. To do this, they had to tie up the monk guards. On May 8, the ship arrived in the city, and the next day the relics of the saint were solemnly brought to the church of St. Stephen, where they are to this day.

Toothpaste tube birthday

history of the holiday

The history of the celebration in this case is directly related to the moment of creation of the object. The author of such a useful thing, which we use more than once every day, was an American named Sheffield. He worked as a dental surgeon, so he was directly related to the topic of dental hygiene. One day, the doctor noticed how an artist friend of his kept his paints in special tin tubes. He came up with the idea to improve these products and use them as toothpaste. It happened in 1892.

But Sheffield made one rather serious mistake - he did not bother to get a patent for his invention. As a result, a more enterprising apothecary named Colgate took advantage of this, received the rights to the tube, and from 1896 began to produce toothpaste according to his own prescription. The outcome of this remarkable story is well known to all of us.

In 1455, the battle of St. Albans in England began a 30-year war between supporters of the royal house of Lancaster (with a scarlet rose on the coat of arms) and their relatives from the York dynasty (respectively, with a white rose on the coat of arms). This series of military conflicts between the two branches of the Plantagenet dynasty went down in history as the War of the Scarlet and White Roses. Alas! The struggle for power ended tragically: two warring clans of the English monarchy actually exterminated each other, and Henry the Seventh, the first monarch from the Tudor dynasty, took the throne ... In fact, the War of the Scarlet and White Roses drew a line under the English Middle Ages. On the battlefields, scaffolds and in prison casemates, not only all the direct descendants of the Plantagenets perished, but also a significant part of the English lords and chivalry. The accession of the Tudors in 1485 is considered the beginning of the New Age in English history.

In 1950, a Soviet intelligence liaison, Harry Gold, was arrested in the United States. Through Gold, the nuclear physicist Klaus Fuchs from 1944 until the end of 1945 passed the secrets of the American Manhattan atomic project to the USSR. After Fuchs left for London, Gold became a liaison for another spy ring organized by Rosenberg, and received secret documents from Rosenberg's relative Davis Greenlas, who worked at Los Alamos, the main center of the American atomic project. Thus, one of the main rules of espionage was violated, which prohibits contacts between different spy networks. This helped the FBI to decipher the telegrams of the Soviet residencies. Klaus Fox, Harry Gold, and then Gringlas and the Rosenbergs were arrested. Gold cooperated with the USSR from 1935 to 1946 disinterestedly, for ideological reasons. He received 30 years in prison, but was released early in 1965. For the last seven years of his life, Harry did not communicate with reporters and did not try to write a memoir, but he could tell a lot. He died in 1972.
For most people, Harry Gold is one of Moscow's "nuclear superagents". And few people know that in 1943 he received the Order of the Red Banner for something completely different, namely for the extraction of color film processing technologies, the production of nylon, and what else, apparently, the time has not come to talk about.
It was the information of Gary Gold that significantly helped the Soviet Union to establish the production of color photographic and film films. From 1940 to 1942, through Alfred Slack, an employee of Eastman Kodak, Gold was able to obtain valuable information about the achievements of Kodak in this area. And all of them were so classified that the company did not even patent them. The USSR could obtain formulas for developers and fixers in two ways: create a research center equal to Kodak laboratories, spend several years and a lot of money, or simply steal a description of technologies. It is clear that the choice fell on the second option. Harry Gold himself understood this very well. Many years later, he stated that he considered the extraction of this technology more important than participating in the theft of atomic secrets.

Coincidentally, on May 22, two outstanding people named Martynov were born - the poet Leonid and the composer Evgeny.
Collections of poems by Leonid Martynov entered the golden fund of Soviet classics, although the poet was far from the canons of socialist realism.
He wrote:

People,
All in all,
Little is asked
But they give quite a lot.

People
Take out a lot:
If necessary, they walk in step,
Tired, malnourished
But if explosion after explosion, -
This hell is boring
Even the most patient

People,
All in all,
Little do they know
But they can hear very well
If somewhere they crucify
And someone gets lynched.
And then the creators of violence
People mix with dust
Throw them off the bill.
Their work is not for people!

People,
All in all,
Little believe
In spells, in pentagrams,
And they measure by their own measure
For pounds and kilograms
Both yards and meters.
Another account has not yet been started.

People,
All in all,
invisible,
But they mean a lot!

“He managed to create more than good poetry - he created his own intonation,” said Yevgeny Yevtushenko about Martynov. Leonid Martynov died in June 1980 in Moscow filled with pre-Olympic bustle. He was 75 years old.
His namesake - a talented composer and singer - Evgeny Martynov lived on this earth much less - only 42 years. He would have turned 60 today.
Yevgeny Martynov is called the white swan of the Soviet stage. He was an amazingly bright person, and the songs created and sung by him are also very kind and bright. "Swan fidelity", "Alyonushka", "Apple trees in bloom"... They still sound now, having outlived their creator and best performer.
“When human speech stops even for a while, the art of music begins,” he said. great German composer Richard Wagner, born on the same day in 1813. He made a huge contribution to the reform of opera and created many wonderful works. True, he had a penchant for gigantomania. In particular, Wagner wrote the world's longest solo aria. It sounds in the scene of the sacrifice of Brünnhilde in the opera "The Death of the Gods" 14 minutes 46 seconds! He also owns the longest classical opera in the world - "The Nuremberg Mastersingers". In the unabridged version, it lasts 5 hours and 15 minutes.
In 1816, the Russian self-taught inventor Pavel Zarubin was born. A tradesman from Kostroma, he learned to read and write in childhood with the weak and inept help of his mother. His life was spent mainly in the service of the land surveying department.
Zarubin is the author of a harvesting machine, a fire pump, a water lift, instruments for measuring the depth of the sea and the speed of a ship. Many of his inventions, unfortunately, were not implemented due to lack of funds.
In addition to inventions, Pavel Alekseevich dealt with the problems of aeronautics and scuba diving, and was also a gifted prose writer and publicist. An outstanding and active person, he became one of the prototypes of the self-taught Kuligin from Alexander Ostrovsky's play The Thunderstorm.
In 1859, the literary father of the famous detective Sherlock Holmes, the British writer Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, was born. He argued: "If you eliminate the impossible, then everything that remains will be true, no matter how incredible it may seem."
In 1907 one of the most recognized English actors was born, the first head of the National Theater founded in 1963, Sir Laurence Olivier. The son of a country priest, he dropped out of Oxford at the age of 17 and entered the School of Diction and Drama. By the time of his debut in Too Many Crooks in 1930, he had already played many roles in various theaters.
The pinnacle of Olivier's acting success in the late 30s was the role in Wuther's Wuthering Heights, and in the 40s, Olivier's acting and directorial triumph was the film adaptation of Shakespeare's Henry V, which organically combines theatrical and cinematic techniques ... In 1947, Lawrence Olivier was knighted and in 1970 received a life peerage.
Nikita Bogoslovsky, People's Artist of the USSR, was born in 1913 in St. Petersburg., author of over 300 songs. Among them are such super-famous things as "Dark Night", "Beloved City", "Scavs full of mullets" and others. It is Bogoslovsky that rumor ascribes to a joke with a friend sent to another city on New Year's Eve, which formed the basis of the plot of Ryazanov's "Irony of Fate".
In 1937, Viktor Ponedelnik was born in Rostov into the family of a local journalist and military nurse.- the famous football player, the author of the winning goal of the Soviet team in the final of the 1960 European Championship.
The 17-year-old striker, who played well with his head, was noticed by the coach of the national team Gavriil Kachalin at the match of youth teams, and in 1958 the Rostselmash player, who played in class "B", was called up to the national team - the rarest case when a football player got into the national team not from top division teams.
On July 10, 1960 in Paris, in the final of the first European championship in the game between the national teams of the USSR and Yugoslavia, regular time ended in a draw - 1: 1. In the 113th minute, Monday struck on goal with his head, and the Soviet team, having won with a score of 2: 1, became the strongest in Europe.
Rostov scored for the national team in almost every match - 21 goals in 29 games. In 1960-63, he was recognized four times in a row as the first number in his role.
Having ended his career due to injuries (already in Spartak Moscow), Viktor Ponedelnik became a well-known football journalist: he worked in Soviet Sport, and from 1984 to 1990 he headed the Football-Hockey weekly. In addition to journalistic activities, Viktor Vladimirovich wrote several books. He has three children and four grandchildren.

(VI) (Georgian Orthodox Church);

name day

• Orthodox: Nicholas, Severin, Sergei.

Events

Until the 18th century

• - Olaf the White, son of the King of Norway, took over the Vikings and Danes in Ireland and made Dublin its capital.
• - The First Battle of St. Albans started the War of the Scarlet and White Roses.
• - The Priory of the Florentine Republic announced the death sentence Savonarola, excommunicated in June 1497 for attempting to overthrow Pope Alexander VI.

18th century

• - the first St. Petersburg printing house printed the first issue of the newspaper "Sankt-Peterburgskie Vedomosti". The oldest Russian newspaper was still published in Moscow, now it has begun to be printed alternately in both cities. [ ]
• - the navigator of the detachment of Lieutenant Pronchishchev Semyon Chelyuskin reached the northernmost tip of Eurasia and Russia - the cape, which was later named in his honor.
• - in St. Petersburg, Volkovskoye and Smolenskoye cemeteries, now the most famous St. Petersburg necropolises, were established by Senate decree.
• - a bell was cast for the clock of the Spasskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin.
• - in Moscow, the laying of the Pashkov House took place, which now houses the Russian State Library. It is assumed that the author of the project of this outstanding architectural monument of classicism was V. I. Bazhenov.

19th century

• - The Navy of the Russian Empire under the command of Admiral Senyavin defeated Turkish ships in the Battle of the Dardanelles.
• - Abraham Lincoln received patent number 6469 for the design of a floating dock. Until now, he is the only US president - the owner of a patent for the invention.
• - Tretyakov bought the first two paintings for his collection - "Temptation" by N. G. Schilder and "Clash with Finnish smugglers" by V. G. Khudyakov. The Tretyakov Gallery was founded in Moscow.
• - in the Russian Empire, a regulation was issued "on the settlement of the foothills of the western part of the Caucasus Range by the Kuban Cossacks and other settlers from Russia ... with the aim of finally conquering the mountain tribes."
• - Not far from Marshfield, Indiana, the "Great Train Robbery" took place.
• - Dr. Washington Sheffield invented the toothpaste tube.
• - The Associated Press is founded in New York.

20th century

• - The Wright brothers received a patent for their aircraft.
• - Professor of the Technological Institute Boris Lvovich Rosing for the first time in the world demonstrated images of geometric figures on the screen of a cathode-ray tube - prototypes of the current television image.
• - Britain acquired the right to manage oil properties in the Persian Gulf from the Anglo-Persian Oil Company.
• - in St. Petersburg, in front of the building of the Nikolaev Cavalry School, a monument to M. Yu. Lermontov was erected (sculptor B. M. Mikeshin).
• - The city of Chicago decided to fine from 10 to 100 dollars for women who appear on the streets in short skirts and with bare arms.
• - In Italy, Mussolini banned beauty contests, calling such events immoral.
• - Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the establishment of the Hammer and Sickle gold medal - the insignia of the Hero of Socialist Labor.
• - committed suicide the first US Secretary of Defense James Vincent Forrestal, who is credited with the authorship of the phrase "The Russians are coming."
• - The Chinese communist government offered territorial autonomy to Tibet on the condition that communist power be established in this area.
• • The Great Chilean Earthquake hit South America.
  • for the first time, the call signs of the Sunday radio broadcast “Good morning! ”, which gave a start in life to many popular satirical authors and pop singers.
• - 16-year-old Bruce Springsteen, along with his first band "The Castiles", recorded the first single "That's What You Get" along with "Baby I". But this recording was never released to the public.
• - Egyptian President Nasser, placing a garrison in Sharm el-Sheikh, declares a blockade of the Strait of Tiran, closing the Israeli port of Eilat. Casus belli of the Six Day War.
• - The leadership of the Scottish Church decided to allow the ordination of women in the clergy.
• • Richard Nixon became the second US President to visit the USSR.
  • Ceylon adopted a new constitution and proclaimed the independent Republic of Sri Lanka as part of the Commonwealth, whose president was William Gopallawa (William Gopallawa).
• - Robert Metcalfe wrote a memo to the head of PARC on the potential of Ethernet technology. This day is generally considered to be the day of the invention of this technology.
• - the last flight of the famous Orient Express, which since 1883 sent travelers on the route Paris - Istanbul.
• - The Pope, together with the English and Argentine cardinals, celebrated a mass in Rome for the establishment of peace.
• • the release of the Windows 3.0 software shell by Microsoft.
  • after many years of confrontation, North and South Yemen united to form the single Republic of Yemen.
• - The Ministry of Justice of Russia registered the All-Russian Public Movement "Our Home is Russia".

XXI Century

• • Sir Paul McCartney arrived in St. Petersburg to receive an honorary diploma of a professor at the St. Petersburg Conservatory.
  • People's Artist of the USSR Vladimir Spivakov was appointed President of the Moscow International House of Music (MMDM).
• • Major clashes between police and coca farmers took place in Peru. Near the town of Tingo Maria, in the suburbs of the country's capital, Lima, more than 800 peasants staged an unsanctioned rally against government plans to reduce coca plantations.
  • Major fire in the Pyongyang subway.
• • In Turkey, a terrorist act was committed in the historical center of Ankara. Several people died.
  • In Russia, in the Ulyanovsk region, the funeral of Valentina Leontyeva was held.
  • The initial public offering of VTB shares took place.
• - Boeing 737 crash in Mangalore (India). 158 people died.

Discoveries

• - Philadelphia furniture maker Henry Kennedy received a patent for a "reclining chair".
• - Abraham Lincoln received a patent number 6469 for the design of a floating dry dock. Until now, he is the only US president - the owner of a patent for the invention.

were born

Until the 19th century

• - Jacob Shtelin (d.), the first historian of Russian art, the creator of a unique fireworks theater.
• - Hubert Robert (d.), French landscape painter.

19th century

• - Gerard de Nerval (d.), French romantic poet.
• - Richard Wagner (d.), German composer, author of the operas Tristan and Isolde, Ring of the Nibelungs, Lohengrin.
• - Amelie Linz (Speyer) (d.), German writer who wrote under a pseudonym Amalia Godin.
• - Marko Kropyvnytskyi (d.), Ukrainian playwright, actor, director (“Give freedom to your heart, lead you into captivity”, “Miroed”).
• - Mary Cassatt (d.), American artist.
• - Aston Webb ( Aston Webb; d.), English architect.
• - Arthur Conan Doyle (d.), famous English writer, creator of Sherlock Holmes.
• - Johannes Robert Becher (d.), German poet and writer.

20th century

• - Pyotr Sobolevsky (d.), actor, Honored Artist of the RSFSR ().
• • Vilém Závada (d.), Czech poet.
  • Leonid Martynov (d.), Russian poet, translator, memoirist.
• - Laurence Kerr Olivier (d.), English actor and director.
• 1907 - Hergé (Georges Prosper Remy), Belgian comics artist, whose character Tintin made the author famous all over the world (d.).
• - Herbert Charles Brown (d.), American organic chemist, Nobel Prize winner in 1979 "for the development of new methods for the organic synthesis of complex boron and phosphorus compounds."
• - Nikita Bogoslovsky (d.), composer, People's Artist of the USSR. Author of music and songs for films: "Two Soldiers", "Oleko Dundich", "Fighters", etc.
• - Nikolai Fedorovich Makarov (d.), Soviet weapons designer, Hero of Socialist Labor.
• • Thomas Gold (d.), American astronomer, one of the authors of the theory of a stationary universe.
  • Nikolai Grinko (d.), Russian Soviet theater and film actor, People's Artist of the Ukrainian SSR.
  • Evgenia Alexandrovna Katseva (d.), translator of fiction from German, critic.
• - Charles Aznavour (real name Varen Aznavourian), French actor and singer of Armenian origin.
• - Jean Tinguely (d.), Swiss sculptor, representative of kinetic art, creator of giant self-destructive structures.
• — George Olah, American chemist, 1994 Nobel laureate.
• - Marisol Escobar, Franco-American artist and sculptor of Venezuelan origin, who worked in the style of Pop Art (d.).
• - Ivan Chuikov, Russian artist, one of the founders of Moscow Conceptualism.
• - Victor Monday, football player, author of the "golden goal" of the USSR national team in the 1960 European Cup final, Honored Master of Sports of the USSR.
• • Richard Benjamin is an American actor and director.
  • Evgeny Guslinsky, cameraman.
• • Nikolai Olyalin (d.), Soviet and Russian theater and film actor.
  • Paul Winfield (d.), American actor.
• - Malika Sabirova (d.), Tajik ballet dancer.
• - Yuri Rybchinsky, Ukrainian poet, playwright, screenwriter.
• - George Best (d.), British footballer, player for Northern Ireland and Manchester United.
• - Evgeny Martynov (d.), composer and singer.
• — Bernie Taupin, English artist and songwriter, regular collaborator with Elton John.
• - Sergey Ivanov (d.), Soviet and Ukrainian theater and film actor ("Only" old men "go to battle", "Born by the Revolution").
• - Morrissey (real name Stephen Patrick Morrissey), vocalist and leader of the English rock band The Smiths, also released purely author's discs.
• — Carl Craig, American DJ and musician.
• — Naomi Campbell, American fashion model and actress The first black girl on the cover of Vogue and Time magazines.
• — Arseniy Yatsenyuk, Ukrainian politician.
• - Sergey Zhukov, musician, member of the pop group Hands Up! ".
• - Ginnifer Goodwin, American actress, starred in the movie "Groom for hire" and "To promise is not to marry."
• - Andrey Chadov, Russian theater and film actor.
• - Lucy Gordon (d.), British film actress and fashion model.
• - Tatyana Volosozhar, Russian figure skater, 2-time Olympic champion
• - Novak Djokovic, Serbian tennis player.

passed away

• - Constantine I the Great, Roman emperor.

• - Louis-Alexandre Expilly de la Puap (fr. Louis-Alexandre Expilly de La Poipe listen)) (born ), the first French priest to be elected to the Estates General of 1789.
• - Augustin Thierry (Augustin Thierry) (b.), French historian ("History of the Norman Conquest of England").
• • Archimandrite Gabriel (Voskresensky) (b.), the first Russian historian of philosophy.
  • Julius Plücker (b.), German mathematician and physicist.
• - Joseph Franz von Allioli (b.), German Catholic theologian and teacher.
• - Jacques Bress ( Jacques Antoine Charles Bresse) (b.), French mathematician.
• - Victor Hugo (b.), French writer.
• - Isabella Augusta Gregory (b.), Irish writer, playwright and collector of folklore (d.).
• - Madelon Szekely-Lulofs (Madelon Szekely-Lulofs) (b.), Dutch writer.
• - Cecil Day-Lewis (b.), Irish poet.
• - Margaret Rutherford (Margaret Rutherford) (b.), English actress.
• - Albert Claude (b.), Belgian-American biologist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974 "for discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell" (together with Christian De Duve (Christian René de Duve) and Georges Palade.
• - Kronid Arkadyevich Lyubarsky (b.), human rights activist and journalist, first deputy editor-in-chief of the Novoe Vremya magazine.
• - John Derek (b.), American film actor, director, producer.
• - John Arthur Gielgud (John Arthur Gielgud) (b.), English actor, director.
• - Florakis Charilaos (b. Rostov had not yet had time to think over and determine how far these shots were, when the adjutant of Count Osterman Tolstoy galloped up from Vitebsk with an order to trot along the road.
  The squadron drove around the infantry and the battery, which was also in a hurry to go faster, went downhill and, passing through some empty, without inhabitants, village, again climbed the mountain. The horses began to soar, the people blushed.
  - Stop, equalize! - the command of the divisional was heard ahead.
  - Left shoulder forward, step march! commanded ahead.
  And the hussars along the line of troops went to the left flank of the position and stood behind our lancers, who were in the first line. On the right, our infantry stood in a dense column - these were reserves; Above it on the mountain, in the clear, clean air, in the morning, oblique and bright, illumination, on the very horizon, our cannons were visible. Enemy columns and cannons were visible ahead beyond the hollow. In the hollow we could hear our chain, already in action and merrily snapping with the enemy.
  Rostov, as from the sounds of the most cheerful music, felt cheerful in his soul from these sounds, which had not been heard for a long time. Trap ta ta tap! - clapped suddenly, then quickly, one after another, several shots. Everything fell silent again, and again crackers seemed to crackle, on which someone walked.
  The hussars stood for about an hour in one place. The cannonade began. Count Osterman and his retinue rode behind the squadron, stopped, spoke with the regimental commander, and rode off to the cannons on the mountain.
  Following the departure of Osterman, a command was heard from the lancers:
  - Into the column, line up for the attack! “The infantry ahead of them doubled up in platoons to let the cavalry through. The lancers set off, swaying with the weathercocks of their peaks, and at a trot went downhill towards the French cavalry, which appeared under the mountain to the left.
  As soon as the lancers went downhill, the hussars were ordered to move uphill, to cover the battery. While the hussars took the place of the uhlans, distant, missing bullets flew from the chain, screeching and whistling.
  This sound, which had not been heard for a long time, had an even more joyful and exciting effect on Rostov than the previous sounds of shooting. He, straightening up, looked at the battlefield that opened from the mountain, and wholeheartedly participated in the movement of the lancers. The lancers flew close to the French dragoons, something tangled up in the smoke there, and after five minutes the lancers rushed back not to the place where they were standing, but to the left. Between the orange lancers on red horses and behind them, in a large bunch, blue French dragoons on gray horses were visible.

  Rostov, with his keen hunting eye, was one of the first to see these blue French dragoons pursuing our lancers. Closer, closer, the uhlans moved in disordered crowds, and the French dragoons pursuing them. It was already possible to see how these people, who seemed small under the mountain, collided, overtook each other and waved their arms or sabers.
  Rostov looked at what was going on in front of him as if he were being persecuted. He instinctively felt that if they now attacked the French dragoons with the hussars, they would not resist; but if you strike, it was necessary now, this very minute, otherwise it would be too late. He looked around him. The captain, standing beside him, kept his eyes on the cavalry below in the same way.
  “Andrey Sevastyanych,” said Rostov, “after all, we doubt them ...
  “It would be a dashing thing,” said the captain, “but in fact ...
  Rostov, without listening to him, pushed his horse, galloped ahead of the squadron, and before he had time to command the movement, the whole squadron, experiencing the same thing as he, set off after him. Rostov himself did not know how and why he did it. He did all this, as he did on the hunt, without thinking, without understanding. He saw that the dragoons were close, that they were jumping, upset; he knew that they would not stand it, he knew that there was only one minute that would not return if he missed it. The bullets squealed and whistled so excitedly around him, the horse begged forward so eagerly that he could not stand it. He touched the horse, commanded, and at the same instant, hearing the sound of the clatter of his deployed squadron behind him, at full trot, began to descend to the dragoons downhill. As soon as they went downhill, their gait of the lynx involuntarily turned into a gallop, becoming faster and faster as they approached their lancers and the French dragoons galloping after them. The dragoons were close. The front ones, seeing the hussars, began to turn back, the rear ones to stop. With the feeling with which he rushed across the wolf, Rostov, releasing his bottom in full swing, galloped across the frustrated ranks of the French dragoons. One lancer stopped, one on foot crouched to the ground so as not to be crushed, one horse without a rider got mixed up with the hussars. Almost all French dragoons galloped back. Rostov, choosing one of them on a gray horse, set off after him. On the way he ran into a bush; a good horse carried him over him, and, barely managing on the saddle, Nikolai saw that in a few moments he would catch up with the enemy whom he had chosen as his target. This Frenchman, probably an officer - according to his uniform, bent over, galloped on his gray horse, urging it on with a saber. A moment later, Rostov's horse struck the officer's horse with its chest, almost knocking it down, and at the same instant Rostov, without knowing why, raised his saber and hit the Frenchman with it.
  At the same moment he did this, all the revival of Rostov suddenly disappeared. The officer fell not so much from a blow with a saber, which only slightly cut his arm above the elbow, but from a horse's push and from fear. Rostov, holding back his horse, looked for his enemy with his eyes in order to see whom he had defeated. A French dragoon officer jumped on the ground with one foot, the other caught in the stirrup. He, screwing up his eyes in fear, as if expecting every second of a new blow, grimaced, looked up at Rostov with an expression of horror. His face, pale and splattered with mud, blond, young, with a hole in his chin and bright blue eyes, was the most not for a battlefield, not an enemy face, but the simplest room face. Even before Rostov had decided what he would do with him, the officer shouted: "Je me rends!" [I give up!] In a hurry, he wanted and could not disentangle his leg from the stirrup and, without taking his frightened blue eyes off, looked at Rostov. The hussars jumped up and freed his leg and put him on the saddle. Hussars from different sides were busy with the dragoons: one was wounded, but, with his face covered in blood, did not give up his horse; the other, embracing the hussar, sat on the back of his horse; the third climbed, supported by a hussar, onto his horse. Ahead ran, firing, the French infantry. The hussars hastily galloped back with their prisoners. Rostov galloped back with the others, experiencing some kind of unpleasant feeling that squeezed his heart. Something obscure, confused, which he could not explain to himself in any way, was revealed to him by the capture of this officer and by the blow that he inflicted on him.
  Count Osterman Tolstoy met the returning hussars, called Rostov, thanked him and said that he would present to the sovereign about his valiant deed and would ask for the St. George Cross for him. When Rostov was demanded to Count Osterman, he, remembering that his attack had been launched without orders, was fully convinced that the boss was demanding him in order to punish him for his unauthorized act. Therefore, Osterman's flattering words and the promise of a reward should have struck Rostov all the more joyfully; but the same unpleasant, vague feeling morally sickened him. “What the hell is bothering me? he asked himself as he drove away from the general. - Ilyin? No, he's whole. Did I embarrass myself with something? No. Everything is not right! Something else tormented him, like remorse. “Yes, yes, that French officer with the hole. And I remember well how my hand stopped when I picked it up.
  Rostov saw the prisoners being taken away and galloped after them to see his Frenchman with a hole in his chin. He, in his strange uniform, sat on a clockwork hussar horse and looked around him uneasily. The wound on his hand was almost not a wound. He feigned a smile at Rostov and waved his hand in the form of a greeting. Rostov was still embarrassed and somehow ashamed.
  All this and the next day, Rostov's friends and comrades noticed that he was not boring, not angry, but silent, thoughtful and concentrated. He drank reluctantly, tried to remain alone and kept thinking about something.
  Rostov kept thinking about this brilliant feat of his, which, to his surprise, bought him the St. George Cross and even made him a reputation as a brave man - and could not understand something. “So they are even more afraid of ours! he thought. “So that’s all there is, what is called heroism?” And did I do it for the fatherland? And what is he to blame for with his hole and blue eyes? And how scared he was! He thought I would kill him. Why should I kill him? My hand trembled. And they gave me the George Cross. I don't understand anything!"
  But while Nikolai was processing these questions in himself and still did not give himself a clear account of what so embarrassed him, the wheel of happiness in the service, as often happens, turned in his favor. He was pushed forward after the Ostrovnensky case, they gave him a battalion of hussars, and when it was necessary to use a brave officer, they gave him instructions.

  Having received news of Natasha's illness, the countess, still not quite healthy and weak, came to Moscow with Petya and the whole house, and the entire Rostov family moved from Marya Dmitrievna to their house and completely settled in Moscow.
  Natasha's illness was so serious that, to her happiness and to the happiness of her relatives, the thought of everything that had caused her illness, her act and the break with her fiancé passed into the background. She was so ill that it was impossible to think how much she was to blame for everything that happened, while she did not eat, did not sleep, noticeably lost weight, coughed and was, as the doctors made her feel, in danger. All he had to think about was helping her. Doctors went to Natasha both individually and in consultations, spoke a lot in French, German and Latin, condemned one another, prescribed the most diverse medicines for all diseases known to them; but not one of them came up with the simple thought that they could not be aware of the illness that Natasha suffered, just as no illness that a living person was possessed by could be known: for every living person has his own characteristics and always has special and its own new, complex, unknown disease to medicine, not a disease of the lungs, liver, skin, heart, nerves, etc., recorded in medicine, but a disease consisting of one of the innumerable compounds in the suffering of these organs. This simple thought could not come to doctors (just as the thought cannot come to a sorcerer that he cannot conjure) because their life's work was to heal, because they received money for that, and because they spent the best years of their lives on this business. But the main thing is that this thought could not come to the doctors because they saw that they were undoubtedly useful, and were really useful for all the Rostovs at home. They were useful not because they forced the patient to swallow mostly harmful substances (this harm was not very sensitive, because harmful substances were given in small quantities), but they were useful, necessary, inevitable (the reason is why there always are and will be imaginary healers, soothsayers, homeopaths and allopaths) because they satisfied the moral needs of the sick and people who love the sick. They satisfied that eternal human need of hope for relief, the need for sympathy and activity that a person experiences during suffering. They satisfied that eternal, human need, which is noticeable in a child in the most primitive form, to rub the place that is bruised. The child will kill himself and immediately run into the hands of the mother, the nanny in order to be kissed and rubbed on the sore spot, and it becomes easier for him when the sore spot is rubbed or kissed. The child does not believe that the strongest and wisest of him do not have the means to help his pain. And the hope for relief and the expression of sympathy while the mother rubs his bump consoles him. Doctors were useful for Natasha in that they kissed and rubbed the bobo, assuring that it would pass now if the driver went to the Arbat pharmacy and took seven hryvnias of powders and pills in a pretty box for a ruble, and if these powders were sure to be in two hours, nothing more and no less, the patient will take in boiled water.
  What would Sonya, the count and the countess do, how would they look at the weak, melting Natasha, doing nothing, if there weren’t these pills by the hour, drinking warm, chicken cutlets and all the details of life prescribed by the doctor, observing which was a lesson and comfort for others? The stricter and more complex these rules were, the more comforting it was for those around. How would the count endure the illness of his beloved daughter, if he did not know that Natasha's illness cost him thousands of rubles and that he would not spare thousands more to do her good: if he did not know that if she did not recover, he would not he will spare thousands more and take her abroad and hold consultations there; if he had not been able to tell the details about how Metivier and Feller did not understand, but Freeze understood, and Mudrov defined the disease even better? What would the countess do if she could not sometimes quarrel with the sick Natasha because she did not fully comply with the doctor's prescriptions?
  “You will never recover,” she said, forgetting her grief in annoyance, “if you do not obey the doctor and take your medicine at the wrong time!” After all, you can’t joke about this when you can get pneumonia, ”the countess said, and in the pronunciation of this one word, incomprehensible to more than her, she already found great consolation. What would Sonya do if she didn’t have the joyful consciousness that she didn’t undress for three nights at first in order to be ready to fulfill exactly all the doctor’s instructions, and that she now doesn’t sleep at night so as not to miss the clock in which it is necessary to give harmless pills from a golden box? Even Natasha herself, who, although she said that no medicines would cure her and that all this was nonsense - and she was glad to see that so many donations were made for her that she had to take medicines at certain hours, and even she was happy was that she, neglecting the fulfillment of the prescribed, could show that she did not believe in treatment and did not value her life.
  The doctor went every day, felt the pulse, looked at the tongue and, not paying attention to her dead face, joked with her. But on the other hand, when he went out into another room, the countess hurriedly followed him, and he, assuming a serious look and shaking his head thoughtfully, said that, although there was danger, he hoped for the effect of this last medicine, and that we had to wait and see. ; that the disease is more moral, but ...
  The countess, trying to hide this act from herself and from the doctor, put a gold piece into his hand and each time returned to the patient with a calm heart.
  The signs of Natasha's illness were that she ate little, slept little, coughed, and never perked up. Doctors said that the patient should not be left without medical help, and therefore they kept her in the stuffy air in the city. And in the summer of 1812, the Rostovs did not leave for the village.
  Despite the large number of swallowed pills, drops and powders from jars and boxes, from which madame Schoss, the hunter for these gizmos, gathered a large collection, despite the absence of the usual village life, youth took its toll: Natasha's grief began to be covered with a layer of impressions of her life, it such excruciating pain ceased to lie on her heart, it began to become past, and Natasha began to recover physically.

  Natasha was calmer, but not more cheerful. She not only avoided all external conditions of joy: balls, skating, concerts, theater; but she never laughed so that her tears were not heard because of her laughter. She couldn't sing. As soon as she began to laugh or tried to sing alone with herself, tears choked her: tears of repentance, tears of memories of that irrevocable, pure time; tears of annoyance that so, for nothing, she ruined her young life, which could have been so happy. Laughter and singing especially seemed to her a blasphemy against her grief. She never thought of coquetry; she didn't even have to refrain. She said and felt that at that time all men were to her exactly the same as the jester Nastasya Ivanovna. The inner guard firmly forbade her any joy. And she did not have all the former interests of life from that girlish, carefree, hopeful way of life. Most often and most painfully, she recalled the autumn months, the hunt, her uncle, and Christmas time spent with Nicolas in Otradnoe. What would she give to bring back even one day from that time! But it was over forever. The foreboding did not deceive her then that that state of freedom and openness to all joys would never return again. But I had to live.

What holiday is today?

In the folk calendar, 2 days are allocated, which are dedicated to St. Nicholas the Pleasant. This is winter Nikola (December 19) and summer Nikola (spring), which is celebrated on May 22. By the way, February 17 is also celebrated as a tribute to the memory of Nicholas the Confessor Abbot of Studiysky.

In his writings, Nestor the Chronicler noted that the first church in Rus' dedicated specifically to Nicholas the Wonderworker was the church in Kyiv, which was built on the grave of Prince Askold in the 9th century.

Interestingly, Nicholas the Wonderworker is revered by both the Western Church and Orthodox believers. However, the greatest respect, of course, is shown to him by the Russians. By the way, in addition to the main holidays, the days dedicated to St. Nicholas are celebrated every Thursday. On other days of the week, Nicholas is also mentioned at divine services.

It is known that St. Nicholas was merciful even to very big sinners, if they admitted their mistakes. So, for example, he granted forgiveness to the city ruler, who condemned innocent people after receiving a bribe, and did not complain to the emperor. However, in some cases, Nikolai showed harshness. So, for example, at the ecumenical council in 324, he was indignant at the speeches of the heretic Arius and hit him on the cheek. Bishops began to intercede to deprive St. Nicholas of dignity. However, they subsequently received a sign in a dream, thanks to which Nicholas received his freedom and retained the rank of bishop.

Nicholas became famous as a miracle worker. He could calm the storm at sea, heal the sick. Miracles happened even after the death of Nicholas - there is evidence that he appeared to people.

Troyan is Tribog's Day, the holiday of the end of spring and the beginning of summer. Right now, the young Yarila-Spring will be replaced by Trisvetly Dazhdbog. This holiday is dedicated to the victory of God Trojan over the Black Serpent. The Old Believers used to glorify Svarozhy Triglav earlier that day. According to beliefs, Troyan was the offspring of Chernobog, who threatened to destroy the Tremirye. On this holiday, you need to make amulets and commemorate the ancestors. Amulets should protect a person from mermaids and the restless souls of the dead, who did not die by their own death. It is also known that earlier on the night of Troyan, the girls performed the ritual of plowing the villages in order to protect themselves from evil forces.

It is believed that dew on May 22 has sacred and healing properties. On this day they prepare scrambled eggs, pies, sweets. Usually the feast is held in the field. They also drink special ritual beer. According to signs, it is after the day of Yarila that hot weather sets in for about 1 week.

On May 22, Israel celebrates the unification of Jerusalem, which took place in 1967. On May 14, 1948, the State of Israel was proclaimed. Armed conflicts constantly arose on the territory of Jerusalem. Today it is a developed and peaceful city. Jerusalem Day for Israelis is a symbol of the reality of peaceful dialogue and a guarantee of historical justice.