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Drawing with children 3 4 years old fgos. First steps in drawing: teaching your child creativity

With your own hands

12.10.2019

Techniques for teaching a child to draw. Pictures that help you learn to draw objects, animals and people.

Every mother wants to raise her child to be at least a talented and successful person. On the way to this dream, women strive to comprehensively develop their children, invest in them maximum knowledge and teach them as many skills and abilities as possible.
One of these skills is the ability to draw. Many kids get quite upset due to their lack of artistic talent.
In this article we will try to figure out how to teach a baby to draw certain things and animate objects.

How to gradually teach a child to draw at 3-4 years old?

Step-by-step learning to draw a child with a pencil or pen:

At the age of 3-4 years, the baby cannot yet press hard enough on a pencil, so we select soft pencils for him. Such pencils are capable of leaving marks even after very light pressure.
We demonstrate to the child how to hold a pencil in his hand correctly. If the child is unable to pick up a pencil on his own, we help him with this. Subsequently, we constantly ensure that the baby holds a pen or pencil in his hand correctly.
The first stage of training will be to instill the skill of drawing an even and clear line. At this age, children are still quite uncertain in holding a pencil in their hand. Therefore, their lines turn out uneven and intermittent. We teach the baby to draw a line confidently and evenly
It is advisable to purchase a special notebook for your child to trace pictures. In such notebooks, all drawings are depicted using numerous dots. The baby just needs to connect all the dots with one line. The result is a beautiful drawing.
At first, we help the child trace the pictures, guiding his brush with our hand. Later, we let the baby independently connect all the dots on the piece of paper.
At the next stage, we teach the child to draw the simplest geometric shapes - circle, square, rectangle, triangle, oval, trapezoid.
When the baby learns to draw simple figures, we teach him to create drawings from them. For example, using a square and a triangle we draw a house, using a circle and straight lines - the sun, using a rectangle and circles - a bus, etc.
You can purchase or print children's drawing books from the Internet. In such manuals, various animals and objects familiar to children, created from simple figures, are gradually depicted. Subsequently, the child himself will learn to break all objects into shapes and create whole pictures using this technique.

If by the age of five the child has already completed the pencil training described above, you can begin the next stages of developing drawing skills
Now you can expand your little one’s creativity with the help of colored pencils, markers and paints. It is necessary to explain to the child that after sketching a drawing with a pencil, he can color it
On a large sheet of paper, the baby can now create entire compositions and interconnected plots
An ordinary walk on the street can be an excellent help for the development of a child’s imagination. You simply need to ask the baby to capture in his memory pictures that are interesting to him for later displaying them on a sheet of paper. The baby will then very carefully and intently examine the objects around him in order to remember them. Parents can give their child some tips. To do this, you can ask him leading questions like: “What color is this or that object? What are its dimensions? What is the ratio of the sizes of several objects that the baby likes? What do objects feel like to the touch, according to the baby?”
All this will help the child to imprint interesting moments in his memory as best as possible, and then express them on paper.

Upon arriving home from a walk, it is advisable to immediately give the baby all the items necessary for drawing and provide him with a place convenient for creativity.
If your child suddenly has any questions, you need to help him find answers to them.
Parents can also ask their child questions about what he intends to portray. You can ask what sensations the child experiences, trying to draw what he saw earlier
In such classes, you can give your child the right to express his emotions and show them through drawing. For example, you can ask your little one to draw his favorite animal in different moods. That is, the child’s task is to show how the dog laughs, how angry it is, how afraid it is of something. Such lessons will develop the child’s imagination and at the same time express the state of his psyche

How to teach how to draw a tree?

How to learn to draw a tree?

Any tree always consists of a trunk, branches and greenery
You need to start drawing a tree from the trunk. It is worth noting that the tree trunk expands from top to bottom. In other words, the base of the tree is thicker at the bottom and tapers towards the top.
The same applies to tree branches - at the base they are thicker, and towards their end they become narrower
The thickness of the trunk depends on the type of tree. If you want to draw a birch, then the trunk should be thin with bends; if you want to draw an oak, then the trunk should be thick and massive

After the trunk is drawn, it is necessary to cover it with branches. As a rule, the branches of a tree do not start from the root, but from a quarter of its height. The lower branches are usually depicted wider than the upper ones
The direction of the branches is always upward - they seem to stretch towards the sun
On large branches you can draw smaller branches
The crown can be drawn as a solid mass using paints, or it can be drawn with a pencil in the form of individual leaves
When all the elements of the tree are drawn, all that remains is to paint it over. To depict a tree, you will need at least two colors: trunk and branches - brown or black, crown - green

How to draw animals?

As mentioned above, to make drawing animals easier, their body must be visually divided into simple geometric shapes. Having drawn each of the figures one by one, you need to connect them with smooth lines. This is how animals are made.

Machine drawing

How to teach a child to draw a person?

It would seem that drawing a person is very difficult. However, if you adhere to a certain scheme, even a preschool child can cope with this task. So, step by step drawing of a person:

Draw an oval. The oval will later become a human head
Under the oval we draw a rectangle that will act as the upper part of the human body (to the waist)
We connect the oval and rectangle with two smooth lines. Thus we draw the neck
Draw a second rectangle adjacent to the rectangle. Its width should be equal to the width of the first rectangle, but in length it will be slightly more oblong
We divide the second rectangle in half with a line running exactly in the center from top to bottom. This line will help us create some semblance of legs
Along the first rectangle we draw one more thin rectangle. This is how we draw the hands
Smooth the upper part of the rectangles with a smooth line - these will be the shoulders
Now we draw the neck of the sweater, the triangle on the pants, shoes and hands. All extra lines need to be erased with an eraser.

Video: How to teach a child to draw?

Drawing for children 4 years old is a favorite activity where they have the opportunity to express themselves. Therefore, it is important to involve children in this exciting activity as often as possible.

What do children draw?

Most often, drawing for 4-year-old children is connected with what surrounds them, what they know well, are familiar with and are interested in. In addition, the skills and capabilities of the children should be taken into account. Indeed, in case of failure, many children deeply experience their imperfection, their inability to do something well. Therefore, drawing for 4-year-old children is best to focus on what is around them: nature, pets or favorite toys. There are many ways to depict a chosen subject in a painting.

Drawing for preschoolers using a template

The simplest way is to depict selected objects using templates. In other words, this is practically coloring, only the contours of the object are not given to the child ready-made, as in so-called coloring books, but are applied independently when used. Drawing with the help of templates involves independently drawing parts of the drawing inside the contour itself, for example, an image of an animal’s face, a shell turtles, human faces, etc.

Drawing a Teddy Bear Using Geometric Shapes

The children receive their first drawing lessons. Children 4 years old can be asked to draw their favorite teddy bear using circles and ovals. Moreover, you should not focus on the fact that the drawing will be constructed using geometry. But while working, you can call the parts by their scientific names.

The bear's head can be depicted using a circle.
The second circle may be a little larger - this will be the torso. Both figures should touch where the head meets the body.
The two small circles located at the top of the head are the ears, they also touch the circumference of the head.
It is better to draw all four legs oval. They are attached to the body, so they are drawn in such a way that the ovals are in contact with the bottom circle.
Now the eyes and nose are drawn on the muzzle, arcs are drawn from the nose - this is the mouth.
Paint the bear brown, leaving white the oval around the nose and mouth, the circles on the ears and the large oval on the tummy.

Game-activity “Complete the picture!”

An interesting technique in teaching fine arts is finishing what an adult has done. For such an activity, you need to prepare pictures in advance for the children to draw by transferring the drawing through the glass. You need to draw the outline of the object with lines, but not completely, making them intermittent here and there.

The Tale of Françoise the Turtle

You can make such an activity more interesting and even fabulous by telling the kids an amazing story.

“The boy Fedya once had a painted turtle named Françoise. They were very close friends, went for walks in the park together, watched cartoons together, swam in the river together in the summer. But one day Fyodor forgot to put the drawn turtle in the album for the night. And the playful, stupid kitten got playful, played around with an eraser and erased almost the entire image from the picture. The next morning the boy cried bitterly: only a pale outline of Françoise remained on the piece of paper, and even that was completely erased in some places. Guys, let’s help the boy and finish drawing his dear turtle, color it with paints and return Fedya’s beloved friend!”

It is important, along with sketches, to give a sample picture for children to draw, so that they can compare their drawings with the original.

Master class “Drawing a turtle”

After the fairy tale about Françoise and Fedya, it is appropriate to invite the kids to pretend to be the boy’s new girlfriend. Children 4-5 years old perceive this kind of drawing as a fun and exciting game. It won’t be difficult for children to portray a turtle if they are offered a master class. The drawing can also be based on geometric shapes.

First, an oval is depicted.
The lower part of the oval is cut off with a straight segment, the excess is erased with an eraser. This will be the body of a turtle in its shell.
Just above the lower section of the shell you should draw the turtle's head. Its shape can be round, oval or uneven, but from below it, like a shell, is limited by a straight segment.
Along the edges of the lower part of the shell, you need to depict the paws in short straight segments, which are slightly wider at the bottom than at the top. They can be made not even, but with several fingers.
A short tail must be drawn on the back of the reptile.
Be sure to put eyes and a mouth on the face, otherwise Françoise will die of hunger and will not be able to see her best friend Fedya!
The animal's shell has a pattern, so you need to ask the children to apply the design on the picture as well.
Shades of green and brown are suitable for coloring.

From simple to complex

After mastering the simplest drawing skills, it is appropriate to move further in this direction. Take, for example, the subject of the image is the cat Maruska, who lives in the neighboring yard and often basks in the sun next to the playground while the children are out for a walk. The kids probably had a good look at it a long time ago. And to reduce problems with drawing, you can offer young artists a master class, which provides detailed step-by-step instructions. Although drawing together will bring great benefits. For 4-year-old children, it is very important to observe from the outside how adults themselves do what they ask the kids to do.

From the author

By the end of the third year of life, the child acquires basic ideas about color, size, shape; listens to fairy tales; learns to compare real objects with their images in paintings; looks at the landscapes.

It is easier for a small child to express his impressions with the help of visual activities (three-dimensional image - in modeling, silhouette - in appliqué, graphic - in drawing). He conveys images of objects using plasticine, colored paper, and paints. The child should always have these materials at hand. But this is not enough. It is necessary to develop the child’s creative abilities, show modeling techniques, teach how to cut out colored paper, and introduce various drawing techniques. To improve visual skills, one should develop the perception of form, color, rhythm, and aesthetic concepts.

A 3-4 year old child can do a lot: wash his hands, brush his teeth, feed himself, dress and undress, use the toilet. The baby develops simple verbal reasoning. He answers questions from adults with pleasure and is eager to communicate with other children; His gaming skills and voluntary behavior develop. The child develops an interest in drawing, modeling and appliqué. At first he is interested in the drawing process itself, but gradually the baby begins to be interested in the quality of the drawing. He strives to depict the object as naturally as possible, and after class admire his work, tell him what color he chose and why, what this object can do, what kind of drawing he came up with.

To develop children's creativity and mastery of visual arts, it is necessary to take into account the interests of children, use a variety of lesson topics and forms of organization (individual and collective work). It is very important to create a friendly environment in class.

This manual offers notes on exciting lessons in drawing with colored pencils, gouache and watercolors using traditional and non-traditional methods. These activities contribute to the development of emotional responsiveness and the cultivation of a sense of beauty; development of imagination, independence, perseverance, accuracy and hard work, the ability to complete work; formation of fine arts and skills.

The classes are organized according to the thematic principle: one topic unites all classes (on the surrounding world, on speech development, on modeling, on appliqué, on drawing) during the week. A drawing lesson for children 3–4 years old is held once a week and lasts 15 minutes. The manual contains 36 notes of complex lessons designed for the academic year (from September to May).

Read the lesson notes carefully in advance and, if something doesn’t suit you, make changes; prepare the necessary material and equipment. Preliminary work is also important (reading a work of art, becoming familiar with surrounding phenomena, looking at drawings and paintings). It is better to conduct a drawing lesson after the children have already sculpted and completed an application on this topic.

By observing each child in class or playing with other children, you can learn more about them and deal with challenging behavior.

If the child quits his job, as soon as something doesn’t work out for him, it means he doesn’t know how to overcome obstacles. This can be taught by offering him other ways to achieve what he wants. The child will understand that there is a way out of any situation. For example, if your child can’t draw a snowman, invite him to make a snowman out of plasticine with you.

If the child quickly loses interest in the activity, perhaps it is too simple or complex for him. Understand the reason and make the task harder or easier. For example, a child needs to draw a big potato. If this is too simple for him, offer to draw a turnip with tops. If the task is too difficult, the child can draw many dots with his fingers, depicting potatoes in a bag.

If the child gets tired quickly, cannot sit for even five minutes, try to develop his endurance using massage, hardening, and sports exercises; During classes, alternate active and calm actions more often.

In order for the child understood the task and completed it, it is necessary to develop attention and the ability to concentrate. Play with him the game “What has changed?” Place 3-4 toys in front of the child, and then hide one toy without him noticing or swap the toys. Try to involve your child in the logical conclusion of the task (“Let’s draw a path for the hedgehog along which he can get home”, “Let’s draw more water in the aquarium for the fish, otherwise they have nowhere to swim”).

Drawing classes are structured according to the following approximate plan:

Creating a gaming situation to attract children's attention and develop emotional responsiveness (riddles, songs, nursery rhymes; a fairy-tale character in need of help, dramatization games, exercises to develop memory, attention and thinking; outdoor play);

Depiction of an object (examining and feeling the object, in some cases showing depiction techniques);

Completion of the drawing with additional elements (you need to draw children’s attention to expressive means - correctly selected colors, interesting details);

Examination of the work received (children's drawings are given only a positive assessment; children should be happy with the result obtained and learn to evaluate their work).

Interesting story-based tasks make children want to do their job as best as possible.

Let us list the drawing methods used in working with children 3–4 years old.

Finger painting. The child wets his finger in a bowl of water, puts gouache on the tip of his finger and presses it to a sheet of paper, making dots.

Drawing with a foam pad. The child holds a foam swab by the tip with three fingers, and dips the other end into gouache diluted with water and then draws lines with it or paints an object inside the outline.

Palm drawing. The child dips his entire palm into a bowl of gouache diluted with water and makes an imprint on paper with the inside of his palm.

Potato signet impressions. The child takes a potato signet by the tip, dips the other end in gouache and presses it to the paper to make an imprint, then takes another signet and makes new impressions of a different color.

Drawing with a brush and paints (gouache and watercolor). The child holds the brush with three fingers just above the iron tip, dips the tip of the brush into the water and picks up paint only onto the bristles; draws wide lines with the entire bristle of the brush or tries to paint the surface carefully and evenly, without going beyond the contour lines.

Drawing with colored pencils. The child holds the pencil in his right hand between the thumb and middle finger, holding it on top with the index finger, without squeezing the fingers too tightly and not too close to the sharpened end; When drawing, he does not press hard on the paper, he draws strokes in one direction, without gaps.

Pokes with a hard semi-dry brush. The child picks up just a little gouache on a dry brush and, holding the brush vertically, makes “poke” (“knocks with the heel of the shoe”), filling the required space.

Drawing with wax crayons. The child holds the chalk in his right hand between the thumb and middle finger, holding it on top with the index finger, without squeezing the fingers too tightly and not too close to the sharpened end; When drawing, he does not press hard on the paper and draws strokes in one direction.

For drawing classes you will need: colored pencils, gouache, watercolors, wax crayons, soft and hard brushes, a foam swab, a glass of water, PVA glue, an oilcloth backing and a rag.

Expected skills and abilities of a child by age 4:

Has a developed interest in drawing with different materials and methods;

Knows and names the materials that can be drawn and knows how to use them correctly (holds the brush and pencil with three fingers, not too close to the drawing end; achieves free movement of the hand with a pencil and brush while drawing; picks up paint only on the nap; before draw paint of a different color, rinse the pile well in a jar of water; paint continuously within the outline with colored pencils, apply strokes in one direction);

Knows and names colors (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, black, gray, white) and knows how to correctly select them to depict objects;

Able to convey the difference in size of objects;

Knows how to rhythmically apply strokes and spots (grass, patterns on a dress);

Knows how to decorate a product in different ways (patterns on a sundress, a cup, Easter eggs);

Can draw simple objects with lines and strokes (a road, leaves falling from a tree);

Can draw objects consisting of a combination of lines (herringbone, fence, railroad);

Can create an image of a single object of round, oval, rectangular and triangular shape and objects consisting of several parts (traffic light, flag, bun);

Able to create scenes that are simple in composition and uncomplicated in content (coniferous forest, a hedgehog running along a path);

Familiar with non-traditional drawing techniques: fingers, palm, foam swab, potato signet impressions.

Every child loves to draw. Some people draw well-thought-out stories, others just sketches. Although, scribbles are only for us adults. And the child has his own meaning in them.

It's great when a child draws on his own.

I try not to interfere in the process and not give advice. However, I welcome collaborative drawing. This way you can show your child interesting techniques that he will definitely use in the future.

Recently my daughter and I mastered a new drawing technique. To tell the truth, we tried it before, but it didn’t work out. Apparently, for us, the age of 3-4 years is ideal for starting to draw through a cocktail straw.

This drawing technique is excellent for a child's articulatory apparatus.

Drawing with a tube. Blotography

Paper

For blotography, it is advisable to choose thick paper that does not immediately absorb paint. Thick album sheets or watercolor paper are perfect.

Paints

You can paint with gouache, slightly diluted with water; watercolor (the drawings will not be very bright) or ink (especially good for drawing tree trunks).

Tools

A long cocktail stick and a thick, stiff brush.

My daughter and I painted with gouache, slightly diluted with water, on printer paper. It quickly absorbs paint and is not very convenient to paint on.

Drawing technique using a tube

It's very simple: use a brush to drip a large drop of paint onto the paper and blow fancy patterns out of it through a straw.

We painted only with black gouache. You can use a lot of bright and colorful paints and get a vibrant abstract painting.

We got trees. All that remains is to finish drawing the leaves. This can be done with paints and pencils. Or you can use the applique technique: glue crumpled pieces of napkins of different colors (yellow, green, red), dried and crumbled leaves and you will get it.

Anyutka decided to paint autumn. The background in the pictures below is made with oil pastels (lay the chalk on its side and rub it across the paper with light pressure). The leaves in the picture on the left are made with watercolor (hard brush, applied with “poke”). And in the picture on the right - the leaves were drawn by my daughter with oil pastels.

This drawing is only watercolor. The trunks were a little smeared from the damp brush, but Anya was not bothered by this: “It’s just a storm, now I’ll draw how the leaves flew up into the sky and then fell.”

A little more about our drawing with my daughter

Anya loves to draw with pencils, crayons and paints. But for some reason he prefers one color when drawing. As a rule, she has one picture - one color. The next one can be made in a different color, but also in one.

Only occasionally, when painting with paints, does my daughter get two or three colored pictures.

There is only one thing that pleases me. In drawing, my daughter allows our joint creativity, but in crafts.

Sometimes we draw one picture together, sometimes we each draw our own on a specific topic. This is the result of joint creativity.

The background was painted together. Anya chose the colors. I drew the tree (picture on the left), and Anya did the rest. The results were bright, multi-colored paintings. After such joint drawing, Anya draws color pictures for some time, and then returns to monochrome ones.

How do you draw with children?

This manual presents notes on exciting activities for children aged 3–4 years on drawing with colored pencils, gouache and watercolors using traditional and non-traditional methods. Classes contribute to the development of emotional responsiveness, cultivating a sense of beauty; development of imagination, independence, perseverance, accuracy, hard work, and the ability to complete work; formation of fine arts and skills.

The book is addressed to teachers of preschool educational institutions, tutors and parents.

D.N. Koldina
Drawing with children 3–4 years old. Class notes

From the author

By observing each child in class or playing with other children, you can learn more about them and deal with challenging behavior.

In order for the child understood the task and completed it, it is necessary to develop attention and the ability to concentrate. Play with him the game “What has changed?” Place 3-4 toys in front of the child, and then hide one toy without him noticing or swap the toys. Try to involve the child in the logical conclusion of the task (“Let’s draw a path for the hedgehog along which he can get home,” “Let’s draw more water in the aquarium for the fish, otherwise they have nowhere to swim”).