Development of fine motor skills and movement coordination. “Development of fine motor skills and hand coordination in preschool age” consultation (group) on the topic

11.03.2020

To interest a child and help him master information, you need to turn learning into a game. This article offers games and exercises for the development of fine motor skills that you can do with your child at home.

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Topic: “Development of fine motor skills and coordination of finger movements in children of primary preschool age.”

“A child’s mind is in his fingers”

The child constantly studies and comprehends the world around him. The main method of accumulating information is touch. Children need to grab, touch, stroke and taste everything! If adults try to support this desire by offering the baby various toys (soft, hard, rough, smooth, cold, etc.), rags, objects for exploration, he receives the necessary stimulus for development. It has been proven that a child’s speech and his sensory (“touching”) experience are interconnected. If the movement of the fingers corresponds to age, then speech development is within normal limits; if the movement of the fingers lags behind, then speech development is also delayed, although general motor skills may be normal and even higher than normal. Speech is improved under the influence of kinetic impulses from the hands, more precisely, from the fingers. Therefore, if you want your child to speak well, develop his hands!

Movements of the fingers and hands have a developmental effect. There are about 1000 important, biologically active points on the palm and foot. By influencing them, you can regulate the functioning of the internal organs of the body. So, by massaging the little finger, you can activate the heart, the ring finger - the liver, the middle finger - the intestines, the index finger - the stomach, the thumb - the head.

The influence of the hand on the human brain has been known since before our era. Oriental medicine experts say that games involving hands and fingers bring the body and mind into harmony, keeping the brain systems in excellent condition.

You need to start working on developing fine motor skills from a very early age. Already an infant can massage his fingers, thereby influencing the active points associated with the cerebral cortex. In early and early preschool age, you need to perform simple exercises, accompanied by a poetic text, and do not forget about developing basic self-care skills: buttoning and unbuttoning buttons, tying shoelaces, etc. To interest the child and help him master new information, you need to turn learning into a game , do not back down if the tasks seem difficult, do not forget to praise the child. We bring to your attention games and exercises for the development of fine motor skills that can be practiced both in kindergarten and at home.

Finger gymnastics.

Finger gymnastics solves many problems in the development of a child:

Promotes mastery of fine motor skills;

Helps develop speech;

Increases brain performance;

Develops mental processes: attention, memory, thinking, imagination;

Develops tactile sensitivity;

Relieves anxiety.

Finger games are very emotional and exciting. This is a dramatization of any rhymed stories or fairy tales using hands.

Children enjoy taking part in nursery rhyme games. The most famous version of this game is “Soroka-Soroka”, but there are also more difficult ones to pronounce and show. Let’s try to play these games with you (game training is carried out together with parents).

My family

This finger is mommy

This finger is daddy

This finger is grandma

This finger is grandpa

This finger is me.

That's my whole family!

(alternately massage the fingers, on the last line we clench and unclench our fists)

Cabbage

What's that squeak? (clench and unclench fists)

What's that crunch? (interlace fingers)

What kind of bush is this? (palms with fingers spread out in front of you)

How can there be no crunch?

What if I'm a cabbage? (fingers are bent, representing a head of cabbage).

We chop the cabbage, chop it... (edge of palm)

We three, three carrots (we rub our fists against each other)

We salt the cabbage, salt it... (in pinches)

We press and press cabbage. (clench and unclench our fists)

The development of the hand and fingers is promoted not only by finger exercises, but also by various actions with objects. I offer you a number of games with such items.

Games with buttons

Choose buttons of different sizes and colors. Try posting a drawing; at home you can ask your child to make the same one. After the child learns to complete the task, invite him to come up with his own versions of the drawings. You can use a button mosaic to make a flower, a tumbler, a snowman, a butterfly, balls, beads, etc.

Buttons can also be strung on a thread to make beads.

Games with bulk materials

1. Pour peas or beans into a container. The child puts his hands in there and imitates kneading dough, saying:

"Knead, knead the dough,

There is room in the oven.

They will be out of the oven

Buns and rolls." Or:

“We kneaded the dough,

We kneaded the dough

They asked us to knead everything thoroughly,

But no matter how much we knead

And no matter how much we think,

We take out the lumps again and again.

2. Pour dry peas into a mug. For each stressed syllable, he transfers the peas, one at a time, to another mug. First with one hand, then with both hands at the same time, alternately with the thumb and middle finger, thumb and ring finger, thumb and little finger. You can choose any quatrains, for example:

“The legs walked: top, top, top,

Straight along the path: stomp-tomp-tomp.

Come on, more fun: stomp, stomp, stomp,

This is how we do it: top-top-top.”

3. Pour peas onto a saucer. We take a pea with our thumb and forefinger and hold it with our other fingers (as when picking berries), then we take the next pea, then another and another - so we pick up a whole handful. You can do this with one or two hands.

4. Drawing by grain. Sprinkle small grains onto a bright tray in a thin, even layer. Run your baby's finger over the rump. You will get a bright contrasting line. Let your child draw a few chaotic lines himself. Then try to draw some objects together (fence, rain, waves, letters, etc.).

5. Place peas and beans in the “dry pool”. The child puts his hand into it and tries by touch to identify and get only peas or only beans.

Games with bottle caps

We place two caps from plastic bottles on the table with the threads facing up. These are “skis”. The index and middle fingers stand in them like feet. We move on “skis”, taking one step for each stressed syllable:

“We are skiing, we are rushing down the mountain,

We love the fun of cold winter."

You can try to do the same with both hands at the same time.

If you drill the plugs in the middle, you can also use them for stringing beads.

Games with clothespins

1. Using a clothespin, we alternately “bite” the nail phalanges (from the index to the little finger and back) on the stressed syllables of the verse:

“The silly kitten bites hard,

He thinks it's not a finger, but a mouse. (Change hands.)

But I'm playing with you, baby,

And if you bite, I’ll tell you: “Shoo!”

2. Imagine with your baby that clothespins are small fish, and a circle or square made of cardboard is a feeder. Well, the baby needs to help the fish have lunch, that is, attach them around the perimeter of the figure. It is very interesting for children to “attach needles” to a hedgehog cut out of cardboard, etc.

3. And, of course, hanging handkerchiefs after washing and securing them with clothespins. This is a simple task, even for a child who has played with clothespins more than once, it may not be so simple.

You can accompany the work by reciting the rhyme:

“I’ll pin the clothespins deftly

I’m on my mother’s rope.”

Games with tweezers and pipette.

These games can keep your child busy for a long time. What seems so simple and uninteresting to us adults captivates the child and, at the same time, develops his motor skills.

Games with beads and pasta

Various stringing exercises are excellent for developing the hand. You can string anything that can be strung: buttons, beads, horns and pasta, dryers, etc.

Beads can be sorted by size, color, shape.

Games - lacing

You can use both factory-made and hand-made ones. (Various lacings are presented at the exhibition). Such games develop spatial orientation, attention, form lacing skills, develop creative abilities, and contribute to the development of eye accuracy and sequence of actions. Cord embroidery is the first step to needle embroidery.

Application

Applications are available from a very early age. If the child is still small and you are afraid to give him scissors, let him tear pictures from a magazine or newspaper with his hands - whatever happens; and you will paste the torn pieces onto a blank piece of paper, giving them some shape. It can make a meaningful collage. From the age of 3 (sometimes earlier) you can learn to cut with scissors, the main thing is that they are safe, with rounded ends. To begin with, it is more convenient to cut out geometric shapes and figures from the same colored magazines, and with an adhesive pencil, fix them on a sheet. The game of cutting out patterns from several times folded pieces of paper has an undeniable advantage. No matter how clumsily a child cuts, the result will still be a pattern that vaguely resembles a snowflake or a star.

Working with plasticine

You can start sculpting from plasticine as early as 2 years old, the main thing is to select accessible tasks and do not forget to wash your hands. We make sausages, rings, balls; We cut the plasticine sausage with a plastic knife into many small pieces, and then mold the pieces again. From each small piece we make a cake or a coin. You can press a real coin on our cake to get an imprint.

Pieces of plasticine

Our Zina rides,

Balls, sausages,

And fairy tales come to life

The fingers are trying

They mold and develop.

If plasticine scares you for some reason, make salt dough for your baby. The game will be fun regardless of the outcome. Here is the recipe: flour - salt - water - sunflower oil. Flour and salt are taken in the same quantity, and one third less water (for example, a glass of flour, a glass of salt, 2/3 glass of water, a tablespoon of butter). Stir and knead. If it doesn't stick well, add water. The dough can be stored for a long time in the refrigerator in a plastic bag. To make the sculpted figures hard, bake them in the oven, the longer the better. The hardened figures can be painted with paints. Whenever you prepare real dough, let your baby mold a piece as well.

Such games promote the development of fine motor skills, sensory processes, relax the child, and relieve emotional stress.

Drawing

Drawing is one of the most favorite activities of all children. The more often a child holds a brush, pencil or felt-tip pen in his hands, the easier it will be for him to write the first letters and words at school. Offer children a variety of tasks: using coloring books, finger painting on the bathroom wall using regular paints, finishing drawings, shading, and tracing games. You can trace anything that comes to hand: the bottom of a glass, an inverted saucer, your own palm, a spoon, etc. Cookie or muffin tins are especially suitable for this purpose. There are many factory games - strokes.

If your child is extremely reluctant to paint with a brush, encourage him to paint with his fingers. You can draw with one, two, or all fingers at once: each finger is dipped in paint of a certain color, and then placed on paper in turn. This is how you get fireworks or beads or something else. Nowadays, special finger paints are offered in stores.

It is very unusual to paint with porous sponges, small rubber balls with a rough surface. Children enjoy using the so-called “signets”.

We really hope that we were able to convince you of the importance of hand development for a preschool child and that through joint efforts we will help our children train their hands, promote the development of higher mental functions, and the development of spatial orientation.

In order to interest the child and help him master new information, you need to turn learning into a game, do not back down if the tasks seem difficult, and do not forget to praise the baby.

Memo for parents

To develop fine motor skills, preschool children should be offered:

Exercises with a massage ball (from su-jok therapy), walnuts, pencils, pens, felt-tip pens.

“Dance” with your fingers and clap your hands softly and loudly, at different tempos.

Use with your children various types of mosaics, construction sets (iron, wood, plastic), games with small parts, and counting sticks.

Organize games with plasticine and dough.

Try the finger painting technique. You can add salt or sand to the paints for a massage effect.

Use colored balls of thread for rewinding, ropes of various thicknesses and lengths for tying and untying.

Include a variety of natural materials in the games (sticks, twigs, cones, shells, cobs, etc.).

Engage with your children in stringing beads, learn to unfasten and fasten buttons, snaps, hooks, zippers.

Let the children shell peas and shell peanuts.

Run small tops with your fingers.

Fold the nesting doll and play with different inserts.

Cut with scissors.

Dear Parents!

Evoke positive emotions in your child!

Use words and phrases that have an optimistic connotation, for example: “How interesting!”, “Wow, great!”, “Let me help!”, “Beauty!” etc.

Remember, no matter what you create together with your child, the main thing is the desire to continue to engage in similar activities in the future, so complete your activities in a good mood for both the baby and yours.

Consultation for educators:

"Development of fine motor skills and coordination of finger movements in children of primary preschool age."

The development of fine motor skills of the hand is the most important task in raising children of primary preschool age. Training the movements of the fingers and the entire hand is one of the factors that stimulates the development of the child.

Researchers studying in preschool age, they noted that children doing hand exercises helped them master correct speech. To the famous teacher V.A. Sukhomlinsky owns the saying: “The child’s mind is at the tips of his fingers.”

Currently, the full development of children from preschool age is becoming an urgent problem. Developed fine motor skills play an important role in the success of a child’s intellectual and psychophysical development. Fine motor skills are a set of coordinated actions of the nervous, muscular and skeletal systems, often in combination with the visual system in performing small and precise movements of the hands and fingers and toes.

Fine motor skills of the hands develop interest and cognitive abilities of the child; it is considered an interesting and useful activity for identifying the future abilities of the child’s inner world. Activities and games promote the development of fine motor skills and hand coordination, stimulate visual and auditory perception, attention, memory, coherent speech and vocabulary. In preschool age, the main activity is play. A child gains significant experience through play. From his play experience, the child draws ideas that he associates with the word. A good way to stimulate speech are games and exercises for fine motor skills. It has been proven that even such simple exercises as “Ladushki”, “White-sided Magpie”, “Horned Goat” and others are not just entertainment for kids. Each finger of the hand has an extensive representation in the cerebral cortex, which means that more time needs to be devoted to the development of fine motor skills: stringing beads, drawing, modeling, appliqué.

The child constantly studies and comprehends the world around him. You need to start working on developing fine motor skills from a very early age. Already an infant can massage his fingers, thereby influencing the active points associated with the cerebral cortex. In early and early preschool age, you need to perform simple exercises, accompanied by a poetic text, and do not forget about developing basic self-care skills: buttoning and unbuttoning buttons, tying shoelaces, etc.

Scientists have proven that motor impulses from the fingers influence the formation of “speech” zones and have a positive effect on the child’s cerebral cortex. Various hand actions and finger games stimulate the process of speech and mental development of the child.The better developed a baby’s fingers are, the easier it will be for him to master speech.

Movement of fingers and hands have a special developmental significance, since theyhave a huge impact on the development of speech and all higher nervous activity of the child. And speech is one of the most powerful factors and stimuli for the development of a child as a whole. This is due to the exceptional role of speech in human life. With its help, they express thoughts and desires, convey their life experiences, and coordinate actions. Speech is the main means of communication between people, at the same time a necessary basis for thinking and its instrument. The development of speech has a great influence on the formation of personality, volitional qualities, character, and views.

From a very early age, children's fingers can be developed with the help of a light massage, thereby influencing the speech zones. For children of primary preschool age, the simplest exercises, which are often in poetic form, can contribute to the development of fine motor skills. In addition to exercise, dexterity development in young children can occur as they learn self-care skills. Finger games were also used in special moments.

In the process of communication between the teacher and children during regime moments, children develop the appropriate skills: (wash their hands with soap, take off and hang up a towel, hold a spoon and fork correctly, unbutton and fasten sandals, large buttons and buttons) and a favorable basis is created for the formation of vocabulary , grammatically correct speech, dialogue, children mastering polite forms of communication.)

There are a huge number of games and exercises that develop small muscles. I will name those that I use in my practice. They can be divided into several groups: games for the development of tactile perception, games with water and sand, folk finger games, exercises with objects, laying out games, stringing games, games with construction sets, etc. To develop fine motor skills, you can use various games and exercises.

Finger games and exercises - This is a dramatization of any rhymed stories or fairy tales using the fingers.

By performing various exercises with his fingers, the child achieves good development of fine motor skills of the hands, which not only has a beneficial effect on the development of speech (since this inductively excites the speech centers of the brain), but also prepares the child for drawing, and later for writing. The hands acquire good mobility and flexibility, and the stiffness of movements disappears.
Finger games are a unique means for developing a child’s fine motor skills and speech in their unity and interconnection.

Learning texts using finger exercises stimulates speech development. Finger gymnastics solves many problems in the development of a child:

Promotes mastery of fine motor skills;

Helps develop speech;

Increases brain performance;

Develops mental processes: attention, memory, thinking, imagination;

Develops tactile sensitivity;

Relieves anxiety.

The child remembers poetic texts better; his speech becomes more expressive.

"Spider"

The spider walked along the branch (arms crossed, fingers of each hand “running”
And the children followed him. (along the forearm and then along the shoulder of the other arm)
The rain suddenly fell from the sky, (brushes are freely lowered, we shake off
The spiders were washed to the ground. movements; clap your palms on the table/knees)
The sun began to warm up, (palms pressed to the sides,
The spider is crawling again, fingers are spread out, we shake our hands.)
And all the kids crawl behind him (the actions are similar to the original ones.)
To walk along the branch. (“spiders” crawl on your head.

"Orange"

We shared an orange.
There are many of us
And he is alone.
Children clench and unclench the fingers of both hands into fists.
This slice is for the hedgehog.
This slice is for the swift.
This slice is for ducklings.
This slice is for kittens.
This slice is for the beaver
Bend your fingers one by one, starting with the thumb.
And for the wolf - the peel.
Clench the fingers of both hands into fists
He is angry with us - trouble; (they shake a finger)
Run away - who goes where!
They sharply unclench their fingers clenched into fists.

"COOK COMPOTE" We will cook compote,
You need a lot of fruit. Here:
(the left palm is held with a “bucket”, and the index finger of the right hand is “interfering”)
Let's chop apples
We will chop the pear.
Squeeze the lemon juice
(bend fingers one at a time, starting with the thumb)
We'll put in some drainage and sand.
We cook, we cook compote.
Let's treat honest people.
(again “cook” and “stir”)

A variety of subject-based activities, which also contribute to the development of fine motor skills, have also proven themselves very well. To get the greatest effect during classes, you need to combine finger gymnastics with the following activities:
– fastening and unfastening buttons (a special set for classes can be bought in the store);
– all kinds of lacing;
– stringing rings onto braid;
– games with mosaics;
– sorting the mosaic into cells;
– games with a constructor;
– sorting through cereals and grains (for example, separating beans from peas).

Development of speech skills in the process of developing cognitive interests in young children directly through interaction with objects.

In sensory development and in the formation of elementary mathematical concepts, actions with three-dimensional and planar objects, of different textures and shapes, of different sizes and colors, develop fine motor skills, which contribute to the enrichment of direct sensory experience, the formation of the ability to name the properties of objects, the development of thinking and attention.

In cognitive, research and productive (constructive) activities (with water, sand, snow, different types of construction toys), children develop motor skills, as a result of which their vocabulary is enriched, monologue speech and imagination develop.

Finger games and exercises not only improve dexterity and precision of movements, but also improve attention, memory, help learn patience, and develop perseverance. This is an excellent incentive for the development of children's creative abilities, awakening imagination and imagination. Fine motor skills activities will have a beneficial effect on the overall development of the child and will help him become more independent and self-confident.

Scientists have proven that the development of the hand is closely related to the development of speech and thinking of the child.

The level of development of fine motor skills is one of the indicators of intellectual readiness for school education. Typically, a child with a high level of development of fine motor skills can reason, his memory and attention, and coherent speech are sufficiently developed.

Teachers note that first-graders often experience serious difficulties in mastering writing skills. Writing is a complex skill that involves making fine, coordinated movements of the hand. The writing technique requires coordinated work of the small muscles of the hand and the entire arm, as well as well-developed visual perception and voluntary attention.

To master the skill of writing, a certain functional maturity of the cerebral cortex is required. Unpreparedness for writing, insufficient development of fine motor skills, visual perception, and attention can lead to a negative attitude towards learning and an anxious state of the child at school. Therefore, in preschool age it is important to develop the mechanisms necessary for mastering writing, to create conditions for the child to accumulate motor and practical experience, and to develop manual skills.

But in preschool age, it is preparation for writing that is important, and not teaching it, which often leads to the formation of incorrect writing techniques. The ability to perform small movements with objects develops in older preschool age; it is by the age of 6-7 that the maturation of the corresponding areas of the brain and the development of small muscles of the hand generally end. Therefore, work on developing fine motor skills should begin long before entering school. Parents and teachers who pay due attention to exercises, games, various tasks for the development of fine motor skills and coordination of hand movements solve two problems at once: firstly, they indirectly influence the general intellectual development of the child, and secondly, they prepare for mastering the skill of writing , which will help avoid many school problems in the future. Parents and teachers should be alert if the child actively turns the sheet while drawing or coloring. In this case, the child replaces the ability to change the direction of the line with the help of subtle finger movements by turning the sheet, thereby depriving himself of training his fingers and hands. If a child draws objects that are too small, as a rule, this indicates a rigid fixation of the brush when drawing. This deficiency can be identified by asking the child to draw a circle with a diameter of approximately 3-4 cm in one motion (according to the model). If a child tends to fix the brush on a plane, he will not cope with this task: instead of a circle, he will draw an oval for you, a circle of much smaller diameter, or he will draw it in several steps, moving his hand.

You need to start working on developing fine motor skills from a very early age. Already in infancy, you can massage your fingers, thereby influencing active points associated with the cerebral cortex. In early and early preschool age, you need to do simple exercises accompanied by a poetic text (for example, “Magpie”), and do not forget about developing basic self-care skills: fastening and unbuttoning buttons, tying shoelaces, etc. And, of course, in older preschool age, work on developing fine motor skills and hand coordination should become an important part of preparing for school.

Many scientists believe that the development of the speech center in the left hemisphere is due to the leading role of the hand in work activity.

A set of measures to promote the development of hand movements and manual skill

In preschool age, it is necessary to continue working on the development of fine motor skills and hand coordination.

Remember that for children from one to three years old, exercises are given in a simplified version that is accessible to their age. For older children, tasks can be made more difficult.

Work on developing hand movements should be carried out regularly, only then will the greatest effect from the exercises be achieved. Tasks should bring joy to the child, avoid boredom and overwork.

What can you do with kids to develop manual skills?

Run small tops with your fingers.

Knead plasticine and clay with your fingers.

Roll pebbles, small beads, balls with each finger in turn.

Clench and unclench your fists, while you can play as if the fist is a flower bud (in the morning it woke up and opened, and in the evening it fell asleep - closed and hid).

Make soft fists that can be easily unclenched and into which an adult can stick his fingers, and strong ones that cannot be unclenched.

Use two fingers (index and middle) to “walk” across the table, first slowly, as if someone were sneaking, and then quickly, as if running. The exercise is carried out first with the right and then with the left hand.

Show only one finger separately - the index finger, then two (index and middle), then three, four, five.

Show only one finger separately - the thumb.

Drum with all fingers of both hands on the table.

Wave only your fingers in the air.

Make “flashlights” with your hands.

Clap your hands quietly and loudly, at different tempos.

Collect all fingers into a pinch (fingers gathered together - scattered).

String large buttons, balls, beads onto a thread.

Wind a thin wire in a colored winding onto a reel, on your own finger (you get a ring or a spiral).

Tie knots on a thick rope, on a cord.

Fasten buttons, hooks, zippers, clasps, tighten lids, wind mechanical toys with keys.

Tighten screws and nuts.

Games with construction sets, mosaics, cubes.

Folding nesting dolls.

Game with inserts.

Drawing in the air.

Games with sand and water.

Knead foam balls and sponge with your hands.

Sew, knit.

Draw, paint, shade.

Cut with scissors.

Drawing with various materials (pen, pencil, chalk, crayons, watercolor, gouache, charcoal, etc.). By the age of five, the possibility of precise, voluntarily directed movements increases, so children perform tasks that require sufficient accuracy and coordination of hand movements. These include different types of weaving from paper and fabric, braids (for example, weaving rugs from multi-colored paper stripes).

Children acquire precision and dexterity in finger movements in the exciting activity “Let's Make Beads.” All the work of making beads requires sensory-motor coordination, accuracy, perseverance, i.e. qualities necessary for writing.

The ability to confidently use scissors plays a special role in the development of manual skills. Regular exercises: symmetrical cutting, applique, as well as cutting out various figures from old postcards and pictures with scissors - a useful and exciting activity for future schoolchildren. Handicrafts also play a big role in preparing the hand for writing: embroidery, sewing, knitting. Handicrafts teach children to be neat, precise, attentive, and persistent. When analyzing a survey of the development of fine motor skills and graphic skills of a preschooler, indicators such as dexterity, speed, motor development, ability to draw vertical and horizontal lines, evenness and clarity of strokes are considered. The presence of risk factors according to these indicators indicates immaturity of motor functions.

We consider the forecast of school difficulties based on the identification of this risk factor in the table:

Taking care of the child’s health is of great importance for the correct and timely development of hand movements. The development of fine hand movements is facilitated by physical exercises based on grasping movements and developing hand strength. Continuity of control over the formation of correct motor skills in the family and preschool will help to quickly achieve the desired results.

Consultation for parents

“Development of fine motor skills and coordination of finger movements in young children”

The child constantly studies and comprehends the world around him. The main method of accumulating information is touch. Children need to grab, touch, stroke and taste everything! If adults try to support this desire by offering the baby various toys (soft, hard, rough, smooth, cold, etc.), rags, objects for exploration, he receives the necessary stimulus for development.

Proven that the child’s speech and his sensory (“touching”) experience are interconnected. If the movement of the fingers corresponds to age, then speech development is within normal limits; if the movement of the fingers lags behind, then speech development is also delayed, although general motor skills may be normal and even higher than normal. Speech is improved under the influence of kinetic impulses from the hands, more precisely, from the fingers. Therefore, if you want your child to speak well, develop his hands!

Sensorimotor development of young children

Sensorimotorics (from the Latin sensus - feeling, sensation and motor - engine) is the mutual coordination of sensory and motor components of activity.

Tasks of sensorimotor development:

development of fine motor skills of the hands;
development of coordination of hand movements;
formation of ideas about the color, shape, size of objects, their position in space;
activation of sensory perception, stimulating the visual, auditory, touch, smell and taste analyzers.

What is a child's sensory development?

Psychologist Wenger L.A. states that “the sensory development of a child is the development of his perception and the formation of ideas about the external properties of objects: their shape, color, size, position in space, as well as smell, taste, etc.”

According to L.N. Pavlova, a child comes into the world with a very large potential for sensory abilities. The task of adults is to identify them and promptly promote their further development.

Professor N.M. Shchelovanov called early age the “golden time” of sensory education.

Sensorimotor development forms the foundation of the general mental development of a preschooler. It is aimed at forming the most complete perception of the surrounding world and serves as the basis for understanding reality.

The first stage of knowledge of reality is the baby’s sensory experience. The success of a child’s physical, mental and aesthetic development largely depends on the level of his sensorimotor development, that is, on how well the child can see, hear and touch the world around him.

The sensorimotor development of a preschooler is the development of his perception and the formation of ideas about the external properties of objects: their shape, color, size, position in space and the development of the motor sphere.

An equally important role is played by sensorimotor in the mental development of a child, since preschool age is the most favorable period for the development and improvement of the senses, as well as for the accumulation of the most vivid and correct ideas about the world around the child.

Early childhood is a special period for the formation of organs and systems, and above all brain functions. Scientists have proven that the functions of the cerebral cortex are not fixed hereditarily, they develop as a result of the interaction of the body with the environment. Early age is the most favorable time for sensorimotor education, without which the normal formation of a child’s mental abilities is impossible.

Sensory education in the second and third years of life consists primarily of teaching children object actions that require the correlation of objects by their external properties: size, shape, position in space. The main thing is for the child to learn that shape, size, and color are permanent characteristics of objects that need to be taken into account when performing a variety of actions.

By stimulating fine motor skills and thereby activating the corresponding parts of the brain, we also activate neighboring areas responsible for speech. Typically, a child who has a high level of development of fine motor skills is able to reason logically, his memory, attention, and coherent speech are sufficiently developed.

Creating conditions for sensorimotor development of young children

A universal way to raise and teach a small child is through play. Young children love to play with toys and household items. At first they play alone, but from the age of one and a half they are increasingly attracted to games with peers. In the process of playing, children acquire new knowledge and skills, get to know the world around them, and learn to communicate.

What does playing give a child? :

pleasure;
acquaintance with the norms and rules of life;
communication with peers;
the ability to express your emotions;
the ability to choose toys (object-play environment), means of play (word, movement, place);
internal freedom: I play where I want, with whom I want, as much as I want, with what I want.

When choosing a game for a child, you need to follow main principle: the game must correspond to the child’s capabilities and be attractive to him. When choosing games for young children, the emphasis should be on sensory and motor games.

Sensory games - uh These games give you experience working with a wide variety of materials: sand, clay, paper. They contribute to the development of the sensory system: vision, taste, smell, hearing, temperature sensitivity. All organs given to us by nature must work, and for this they need “food”.

Motor games (running, jumping, climbing). Motor skills - motor activity. Not all of us like it when a child runs around a lot and climbs on high objects. Of course, first of all you need to think about the safety of the child, but you should not prohibit him from actively moving.

Children love to play on the floor. In order to create comfortable conditions for them, you can sew them bolsters, pillows in the shape of a multi-colored caterpillar and with buttons, to develop fine motor skills, sew a sensory mat “Fairytale Forest”; “fun skirt” and on this skirt they unbutton and fasten buttons, learn to lace, close and open pockets with Velcro, etc.

To play with water, you need equipment: buckets, basins, watering cans, funnels, floating toys, bottles, jars, etc. Children wear special aprons while playing. Among the games with water, we can offer the following: “Rescuers”, “What floats”, “Captains”, “Warm - Cold”, etc. Of the entire arsenal of games with water, the most interesting for children is the game with soap bubbles. Babies cannot blow bubbles on their own. An adult does this. This is a wonderful sight, perceived joyfully and emotionally by children.

Young children must be provided with paper. They crumple it, crumple it, try to tear it apart, but at first, of course, they fail. The sound produced by the paper gives them pleasure. In this case, you can use absolutely clean paper. It is not recommended to give newspapers to children, since newspaper ink contains zinc in large quantities. Books should not be given either, since children must be taught to be careful with books. In addition, they begin to show interest in collecting pieces of torn paper. This should be encouraged: children are offered a basket or bucket. Children love to watch adults cut things out of paper with scissors. Over time, they begin to ask for scissors. You can involve children in gluing cut out shapes onto paper. Of course, in the beginning, the work may be messy, but gradually the technique improves and the work becomes cleaner.

The sensorimotor development of preschool children will be most effective if the following toys and aids are used in games with children:

String toys that have holes through them and are designed to be threaded onto a rod.

Toys for rolling and grouping by shape, color or size.

Toys for inserting and overlaying, making multi-colored towers and selecting them by color, size and shape.

Folk toys that are easy to assemble and disassemble.

Playing with such toys contributes to the development of spatial orientation and the ability to assemble objects from several separate parts. It is recommended to gradually update and supplement toys and manuals with new, more complex and more diverse models.

Concerning development of tactile sensations, then children receive similar sensations through the skin. Over time, they understand what is cold, what is hot, what is hard, what is soft, what is dry and what is wet. Tactile sensations are directly related to the thinking process; with the help of them, the child learns about the world around him. Playing in the sand and playing with water are considered the most favorable for the development of tactile sensations.

Games with buttons

Games with bulk materials

1. Pour peas or beans into a container. The child puts his hands in there and imitates kneading dough, saying:

"Knead, knead the dough,

There is room in the oven.

They will be out of the oven

Buns and rolls."

“We kneaded the dough,

We kneaded the dough

They asked us to knead everything thoroughly,

But no matter how much we knead

And no matter how much we think,

We take out the lumps again and again.

“The legs walked: top, top, top,

Straight along the path: stomp-tomp-tomp.

Come on, more fun: stomp, stomp, stomp,

This is how we do it: top-top-top.”

5. Place peas and beans in the “dry pool”. The child puts his hand into it and tries by touch to identify and get only peas or only beans.

Games with clothespins

1. Using a clothespin, we alternately “bite” the nail phalanges (from the index to the little finger and back) on the stressed syllables of the verse:

“The silly kitten bites hard,

He thinks it's not a finger, but a mouse. (Change hands.)

But I'm playing with you, baby,

And if you bite, I’ll tell you: “Shoo!”

You can accompany the work by reciting the rhyme:

“I’ll pin the clothespins deftly

I’m on my mother’s rope.”

Games - lacing

You can use both factory-made and hand-made ones. Such games develop spatial orientation, attention, form lacing skills, develop creative abilities, and contribute to the development of eye accuracy and sequence of actions. Cord embroidery is the first step to needle embroidery.

Applications accessible from a very early age. If the child is still small and you are afraid to give him scissors, let him tear pictures from a magazine or newspaper with his hands - whatever happens; and you will paste the torn pieces onto a blank piece of paper, giving them some shape. It can make a meaningful collage. From the age of 3 (sometimes earlier) you can learn to cut with scissors, the main thing is that they are safe, with rounded ends. To begin with, it is more convenient to cut out geometric shapes and figures from the same colored magazines, and with an adhesive pencil, fix them on a sheet. The game of cutting out patterns from several times folded pieces of paper has an undeniable advantage. No matter how clumsily a child cuts, the result will still be a pattern that vaguely resembles a snowflake or a star.

Sculpt from plasticine You can start as early as 2 years old, the main thing is to select accessible tasks and do not forget to wash your hands. We make sausages, rings, balls; We cut the plasticine sausage with a plastic knife into many small pieces, and then mold the pieces again. From each small piece we make a cake or a coin. You can press a real coin on our cake to get an imprint.

Pieces of plasticine

Our Zina rides,

Balls, sausages,

And fairy tales come to life

The fingers are trying

They mold and develop.

Drawing- one of the most favorite activities of all children. The more often a child holds a brush, pencil or felt-tip pen in his hands, the easier it will be for him to write the first letters and words at school. Offer children a variety of tasks: using coloring books, finger painting on the bathroom wall using regular paints.

It is very unusual to paint with porous sponges, small rubber balls with a rough surface. Children enjoy using the so-called “signets”.

Thus, thanks to the use of games and aids for the development of sensorimotor skills and the implementation of exercises for the development of visual and tactile perception, children increase their inquisitiveness and curiosity, develop knowledge about specific sensory standards, expand their vocabulary, and acquire skills in educational, gaming, search and experimental activities.

The more children learn, the richer their sensory experiences, the easier it will be for them to develop motor skills, and all this will make learning easier.

Are of great importance sensory games for speech development, the main goal of which is to give the child new sensory sensations: visual, auditory, tactile and motor, olfactory and gustatory.

These games allow you to establish emotional contact with the child, which allows you to comprehensively influence the development of speech in the future.

Games with paints

To play the game you will need: watercolor paints, brushes, five transparent plastic glasses (in the future the number of glasses can be any). The glasses are placed in a row on the table and filled with water, then paints of different colors are diluted in them alternately. Usually the child watches in fascination as the “cloud” of paint gradually dissolves in the water. You can diversify the effect and quickly dilute the paint in the next glass, stirring with a brush - the child will let you know by his reaction which method he likes best. In this game, the child can quickly show a desire to participate more actively in what is happening - he begins to “order” the next paint or grabs a brush and begins to act independently.

Water games

Fussing with water, pouring and splashing is especially loved by children. In addition, playing with water also has a therapeutic effect. To make it easier for your child to reach the faucet, move a chair close to the sink. Take out small plastic bottles and vials prepared in advance and fill them with tap water. You can pour water from one dish to another, make a “fountain” by placing a spoon or a bottle with a narrow neck under the stream of water - this effect usually delights children. After filling a basin with water, organize a game of “pool” in which toys float. The basin filled with water will now become a “lake” in which fish or ducks swim.

Games with soap bubbles

Children love watching soap bubbles swirl in the air. To get your child interested in blowing their own bubbles, offer them a variety of straws, such as a cocktail straw, or roll and glue a thick tube of construction paper to create a large bubble.

Games with light

Sunny bunny. Having chosen the moment when the sun is peeking through the window, use a mirror to catch the ray and show your baby how a sunbeam is jumping on the wall, on the ceiling, from the wall to the sofa, etc. He may want to touch the spot of light. In this case, slowly move the beam to the side and invite it to catch the fleeing “bunny”.

Memo for parents

To develop fine motor skills, preschool children should be offered:

Exercises with a massage ball (from su-jok therapy), walnuts, pencils, pens, felt-tip pens.
“Dance” with your fingers and clap your hands softly and loudly, at different tempos.
Use with your children various types of mosaics, construction sets (iron, wood, plastic), games with small parts, and counting sticks.
Organize games with plasticine and dough.
Try the finger painting technique. You can add salt or sand to the paints for a massage effect.
Use colored balls of thread for rewinding, ropes of various thicknesses and lengths for tying and untying.
Include a variety of natural materials in the games (sticks, twigs, cones, shells, cobs, etc.).
Practice stringing beads with your children, teach them how to unbutton and fasten buttons, snaps, hooks, and zippers.
Let the children shell peas and shell peanuts.
Run small tops with your fingers.
Fold the nesting doll and play with different inserts.
Cut with scissors.

Dear Parents!

Evoke positive emotions in your child!

Use words and phrases that have an optimistic connotation, for example: “How interesting!”, “Wow, great!”, “Let me help!”, “Beauty!” etc.

Remember Whatever you create together with your child, the main thing is the desire to continue to engage in similar activities in the future, so complete your activities in a good mood for both the baby and yours.

Literature:

Bashaeva T.V. Development of perception in children. Shape, color, sound: a popular guide for parents and teachers. Yaroslavl. "Academy of Development"., 1997.
Gavrina S.E., Kutyavina N.L., Toporkova I.G., Shcherbinina S.V. We develop our hands - to learn and write, and draw beautifully. A popular guide for parents and teachers. Yaroslavl. "Academy of Development"., 1997.
Gromova O.N., Prokopenko T.A. Games are fun for developing fine motor skills in children. M., Gnom i D, 2001.
N.V. Ryzhova Speech development in kindergarten. Yaroslavl. "Academy of Development"., 2007.

Development of fine motor skills and coordination of finger movements in preschoolers through games and exercises. Educator: Tereshina O. N. beginning 4 ka. ru

Relevance I consider this topic to be relevant as most modern children have a general motor lag. It is now known that at the initial stage of life, it is fine motor skills that reflect how the child develops and indicate his intellectual abilities. Children with poorly developed manual motor skills awkwardly hold a spoon or pencil, cannot fasten buttons, or lace up shoes. It can be difficult for them to collect the scattered parts of the construction set and work with the mosaic. They refuse modeling and appliqué, which other children love, and cannot keep up with the kids in class. Thus, the possibilities for children to explore the world are impoverished. Children often feel incompetent in basic activities available to their peers. This affects the child’s emotional well-being and self-esteem. Many experts and teachers argue that the development of intellectual and thinking processes must begin with the development of the movements of the hands and fingers. It has been proven that this is due to the fact that the development of the hand plays an important role in the formation of the brain, its cognitive abilities, and the development of speech. This means that in order for a child and his brain to develop, it is necessary to train his hands. His further development depends on how deftly a child learns to control his fingers. That is why I chose the topic on the development of fine motor skills, considering it an important component of a child’s learning.

Goal: Increasing competence in the theory and practice of developing fine motor skills in children of senior preschool age. Create optimal conditions conducive to the full development of children’s potential. Objectives: 1. Improve the subject-development environment of the group for the development of fine motor skills. 2. Develop fine motor skills of fingers in preschool children through the use of a variety of forms, methods and techniques.

System of work for the development of fine motor skills Finger games Finger gymnastics Finger exercises DEVELOPMENT OF MOTOR SKILLS theater finger puppet tabletop cooperation Musical director classes applique modeling designing manual labor drawing

Equipment for the pedagogical process. - the use of finger gymnastics during children’s leisure time; - use of finger gymnastics in classes, on a walk, etc.; - information sheets for parents; - learning poems, nursery rhymes; - use of attributes for finger gymnastics. Brush, paints, sheets of paper Dolls, clothes for dolls Beads, lace Colored paper Ball, thread Cereals, beans, beans, peas, pasta. Plastic bottles, bottle caps Pipette, bowl Clothespins Coloring books, copybooks, diagrams Set of sticks Kuzeneyra Construction set “Builder” Finger theater “Kolobok” Finger theater “Turnip” Finger theater “Teremok” and many others. etc.

THIS IS INTERESTING In Eastern medicine, there is a belief that massage of certain fingers has a positive effect on: Brain Stomach Intestines Liver and kidneys Heart

TOGETHER WITH PARENTS Ensure the unity of the educational influences of the kindergarten and the family; focused on a careful selection of games to develop fine motor skills for children at home; prevent the most common mistakes in raising a family; engage in active collaboration with children and teachers; achieve emotional and moral relationships between parents and children.

Diagnostics of the development of fine motor skills Working on the development of fine motor skills in older children, I achieved certain results. According to my observations in children, the overall coordination of movements of the fingers has improved. By performing various exercises with their fingers, children achieve good development of fine motor skills, which not only has a beneficial effect on the development of speech, but also prepares them for drawing and writing. The hands acquire good mobility and flexibility, stiffness of movements disappears, children can work with small objects with dexterity. Year Possession of Gr. pencil skills 2012 -2013 43% 2013 -2014 81% 31% 79% Proficiency Working with scissors plasticine 41% 38% 81% 92%

Thus, the conducted research allowed us to draw the conclusion that, indeed, the implementation of game methods for the development of fine motor skills in working with preschool children will be effective provided that: the inclusion of games at different regime moments; taking into account the individual characteristics and gaming interests of children; methodologically competent guidance of children’s play activities; consolidation of play actions by children in the context of family education.