What are paper crafts called in one word? Paper techniques

The giver always puts a piece of his soul into a gift made with his own hands. It is very pleasant to receive such things, regardless of whether it is a simple applique or an original painting made using the quilling technique. Indeed, in this case, what is most important is the effort and feelings that are put into the work.

Top 13 ideas for DIY paper crafts - a gift you put your soul into

One of the simplest types of fine art is appliqué. The name is translated from Latin as “attachment”.

This technique is based on cutting out individual elements of the future picture and fixing them on an accepted background, for example, a thick sheet of cardboard.

The details of the picture are most often attached with PVA glue or sometimes sewn on with thread. You can make a painting on any desired theme for a gift.

Origami means “folded paper” in Japanese. This technique is one of the most popular types of decorative and applied paper art that came to us from Japan. It involves folding paper figures according to pre-prepared patterns.

They can be found on the Internet. You can fold anything using the origami technique - birds, flowers, animals and much more.

Quilling or paper rolling is a technique for making appliques from long narrow strips of paper twisted into a spiral shape. Ready-made strips of different colors can be purchased at craft stores or cut out yourself from sheets of colored paper.

To make a gift using this technique, you will need a minimum set of materials: scissors, paper strips and glue. Using quilling, you can make many interesting things, for example, decorate a postcard with unusual flowers or make a three-dimensional flower ball.

On the Internet there are many different step-by-step master classes on creating crafts using this technique.

4. Crafts made from corrugated paper

Corrugated paper is one of the types of craft paper. It differs from the usual crinkled texture, which helps it stretch and keep its shape.

You can make many interesting crafts from it.

Such as, for example, imitation of real flowers or Christmas tree decorations. Corrugated paper is also often used for gift wrapping.

Scrapbooking is a type of handicraft for creating and decorating photo albums. But in addition to photo albums, craftsmen of this profile also make a variety of greeting cards.

This art is not the cheapest type of hobby, since most of the necessary tools and materials cost a lot of money. But if you still have a desire to make a gift using scrapbooking techniques, then it will be very interesting to do so.

The paper base for a postcard, for example, can be made from cardboard and colored paper; the elements are made from the same materials.

In the store you can additionally purchase special ink stamps with drawings or some text, as well as many other unusual details. All of them are attached to the base using office glue.

6. Crafts from papier-mâché

Everyone knows such a paper craft technique as papier-mâché. Translated from French it means “torn paper”. There are several technologies for making papier-mâché crafts.

The craft can be made entirely from paper pulp or you can paste pieces of paper over the finished model. The paper pulp used in the work is torn pieces of paper mixed with water and PVA glue.

Often, using this technique, various toys, masks, dummies and even sometimes furniture are made.

Another interesting technique that came from Japan is kusudama. It involves folding paper figures into three-dimensional balls.

To make such a ball, you need multi-colored paper elements, cut in the shape of squares of equal size, from which the so-called modules are made using the origami technique. The modules are attached to each other with glue.

Detailed instructions for making kusudama can be found on the Internet. These balls can decorate the interior of any apartment.

Collage translated from French means “pasting”. Many people have come across this concept more than once, but not everyone knows what it means. Using the collage technique, one whole image is put together on one canvas using various parts cut out from paper and photographs.

Iris folding literally translates as “rainbow twisting.” This technique consists of strips of multi-colored paper folded at a certain angle, which ultimately can be compared in shape to what a camera aperture looks like.

An unusual technique for working with paper came to us from Holland. Most often, such crafts are used both to decorate postcards or paper paintings, and as independent elements. Before starting work, it is better to purchase special paper. It is sold in craft stores.

If this is not possible, then you can use a regular color one. You need to download the template you like from the Internet, which will be the basis for the craft.

Such templates are convenient because the future location of the stripes and their colors are pre-marked on them. The strips are glued to the base with PVA glue.

The art of weaving from various materials has existed for many centuries. Nowadays, even such unusual materials as paper and newspapers are widely used in weaving techniques. This type of needlework has become popular due to the low cost of consumables and a wide range of applications.

Sometimes, it’s even hard to imagine that real masterpieces are made from ordinary newspaper tubes. Most often, this technique is used to make baskets, pots, stands and even small furniture.

Newspaper tubes can be painted in different colors, covered with primer, stain, etc. There are a huge number of options for creativity in this area.

Kirigami is a technique for making paper figures and cards using scissors. She came to us from Japan. Translated from Japanese as “cutting paper.” There are two types - volumetric and flat kirigami. Flat - based on cutting out small details of a design from a sheet of paper.

For example, New Year's snowflakes, which we all made in childhood. Volumetric - more used when creating postcards. A parallel can be drawn with children's books, when opened, three-dimensional cut-out pictures appeared inside.

To make a gift using this technique, you need to download your favorite craft pattern from the Internet and follow the step-by-step instructions to make a real work of art with your own hands.

12. Paper modeling

Using paper modeling, models of various objects are created, simulating their real properties. In the modern world, there are even many special circles for collecting models, for example, aviation or marine.

At home, you can download parts for assembly from the Internet and follow the instructions to assemble the model yourself.

Decoupage is another interesting idea for creating a unique paper gift. Using it you can decorate various household items with cut out images.

Most often, special napkins are used for decoupage. Apply the image to the object using a wet sponge and PVA glue diluted with water.

Using the decoupage technique, you can make, for example, kitchen boards, vases, boxes, etc.

2. Paper plastic art is very similar to sculpture in terms of creativity. But, in paper plastic, all products inside are empty, all products are shells of the depicted object. And in sculpture, either the volume is increased with additional elements, or the excess is removed (cut off).
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/462

3. Corrugated tubes - this is the name of a technique for making products in which tubes of corrugated paper are used to decorate surfaces or to create three-dimensional figures. Corrugated tubes are obtained by winding a strip of paper onto a stick, pencil or knitting needle and then compressing it. The compressed corrugated tube holds its shape well and has many options for design and use.
Examples:

4. Quilling (from the English quilling - from the word quil “bird feather”) - the art of paper rolling. Originated in medieval Europe, where nuns created medallions by twisting paper strips with gilded edges onto the tip of a bird's feather, creating an imitation of a gold miniature.
Examples:

4. Origami (from Japanese letters: “folded paper”) is the ancient art of folding paper figures. The art of origami has its roots in ancient China, where paper was discovered.
Examples:
Kinds:
- Kirigami is a type of origami that allows the use of scissors and cutting paper in the process of making the model. This is the main difference between kirigami and other paper folding techniques, which is emphasized in the name: kiru - cut, kami - paper.
Pop-up is a whole direction in art. This technique combines elements of techniques.
- Kirigami and Cutting and allows you to create three-dimensional designs and cards folded into a flat figure.
Examples:
- Kusudama (literally “medicine ball” in Japanese) is a paper model that is usually (but not always) formed by sewing together the ends of many identical pyramidal modules (usually stylized flowers folded from a square sheet of paper), so that the body is spherical forms. Alternatively, the individual components can be glued together (for example, the kusudama in the bottom photo is completely glued rather than sewn). Sometimes, as a decoration, a tassel is attached to the bottom.
The art of kusudama comes from an ancient Japanese tradition where kusudama was used for incense and a mixture of dried petals; perhaps these were the first real bouquets of flowers or herbs. The word itself is a combination of two Japanese words, kusuri (medicine) and tama (ball). Nowadays, kusudama are usually used for decoration or as gifts.
Kusudama is an important part of origami, particularly as a precursor to modular origami. It is often confused with modular origami, which is incorrect, since the elements that make up kusudama are sewn or glued, and not nested inside each other, as modular origami suggests.
Examples:
- Origami from circles - folding origami from a paper circle. Usually the folded pieces are then glued together into an applique.
Examples:
- Modular origami - the creation of three-dimensional figures from triangular origami modules - was invented in China. The whole figure is assembled from many identical parts (modules). Each module is folded according to the rules of classic origami from one sheet of paper, and then the modules are connected by inserting them into each other. The friction force that appears in this case prevents the structure from falling apart.
Examples:

5. Papier-mâché (fr. papier-mâché “chewed paper”) - an easily moldable mass obtained from a mixture of fibrous materials (paper, cardboard) with adhesives, starch, gypsum, etc. Plasters are made from papier-mâché , masks, teaching aids, toys, theatrical props, boxes. In some cases, even furniture.
In Fedoskino, Palekh, Kholui, papier-mâché is used to make the basis for traditional lacquer miniatures.
You can decorate a papier-mâché blank not only with paints, painting like famous artists, but using decoupage or assemblage.
Examples:

7. Embossing (another name is “embossing”) - mechanical extrusion that creates images on paper, cardboard, polymer material or plastic, foil, on parchment (the technique is called “parchment”, see below), as well as on leather or birch bark, in which a relief image of a convex or concave stamp is obtained on the material itself, with or without heating, sometimes with the additional use of foil and paint. Embossing is carried out mainly on binding covers, postcards, invitation cards, labels, soft packaging, etc.
This type of work can be determined by many factors: force, texture and thickness of the material, the direction of its cutting, layout and other factors.
Examples:
Kinds:
- Parchment - parchment paper (thick waxed tracing paper) is processed with an embossing tool and during processing it becomes convex and turns white. This technique produces interesting postcards, and this technique can also be used to design a scrappage page.
Examples:
- Texturing - applying an image using a cliché onto a smooth material, usually metallized paper, in order to imitate foil stamping. Also used to imitate the skin of certain breeds (for example, a cliché with a pattern imitating crocodile skin, etc.)

*Techniques related to weaving:
Man learned weaving much earlier than pottery. At first, he wove a dwelling from long flexible branches (roofs, fences, furniture), all kinds of baskets for various needs (cradles, boxes, carts, scoops, baskets) and shoes. A man learned to braid his hair.
With the development of this type of needlework, more and more different materials for use appeared. It turned out that you can weave from everything you come across: from vines and reeds, from ropes and threads, from leather and birch bark, from wire and beads, from newspapers.... Weaving techniques such as wicker weaving, weaving from birch bark and reeds appeared. , tatting, knotted macrame weaving, bobbin weaving, bead weaving, ganutel, kumihimo cord weaving, chainmail weaving, net weaving, Indian mandala weaving, their imitations (weaving from paper strips and candy wrappers, weaving from newspapers and magazines)...
As it turned out, this type of needlework is still popular, because using it, you can weave many beautiful and useful things, decorating our home with them.
Examples:

1. Beading, like beads themselves, has a centuries-old history. The ancient Egyptians were the first to learn how to weave beaded threads into necklaces, thread bracelets, and cover women's dresses with beaded nets. But only in the 19th century the real flourishing of bead production began. For a long time, the Venetians carefully guarded the secrets of creating a glass miracle. Masters and craftswomen decorated clothes and shoes, wallets and handbags, cases for fans and eyeglass cases, as well as other elegant things with beads.
With the advent of beads in America, indigenous people began to use them instead of traditional Indian materials. For ritual belt, cradle, headband, basket, hair net, earrings, snuff boxes...
In the Far North, fur coats, high fur boots, hats, reindeer harnesses, leather sunglasses were decorated with bead embroidery...
Our great-grandmothers were very inventive. Among the huge variety of elegant trinkets there are amazing items. Chalk brushes and covers, toothpick cases (!), inkwell, penpick and pencil, collar for your favorite dog, cup holder, lace collars, Easter eggs, chessboards and much, much, much more.
Examples:

2. Ganutel - exclusive Maltese handicraft. It was in the monasteries of the Mediterranean that this technique of creating beautiful flowers to decorate the altar was still preserved.
The ganuteli uses thin spiral wire and silk threads to wrap the parts, as well as beads, pearls or seed beads. Brilliant flowers turn out graceful and light.
In the 16th century, spiral wire made of gold or silver was called “canutiglia” in Italian, and “canutillo” in Spanish; in Russian, this word was probably transformed into “gimp”.
Examples:

3. Macrame (from Arabic - braid, fringe, lace or from Turkish - scarf or napkin with fringe) - knot weaving technique.
The technique of this knot weaving has been known since ancient times. According to some sources, macrame came to Europe in the 8th-9th centuries from the East. This technique was known in Ancient Egypt, Assyria, Iran, Peru, China, and Ancient Greece.
Examples:

4. Weaving lace with bobbins. In Russia, the Vologda, Eletsky, Kirov, Belevsky, Mikhailovsky fisheries are still known.
Examples:

5. Tatting is a woven knotted lace. It is also called shuttle lace because this lace is woven using a special shuttle.
Examples:

* Techniques related to painting, various types of painting and image creation:

Drawing is a genre in the visual arts and a corresponding technique that creates a visual image (image) on any surface or object using graphic means, drawing elements (as opposed to pictorial elements), primarily from lines and strokes.
For example: charcoal drawing, pencil drawing, ink and pen drawing...
Painting is a type of fine art associated with the transmission of visual images through the application of paints to a solid or flexible base; creating an image using digital technology; as well as works of art made in such ways.
The most common works of painting are those made on flat or almost flat surfaces, such as canvas stretched on a stretcher, wood, cardboard, paper, treated wall surfaces, etc. Painting also includes images made with paints on decorative and ceremonial vessels , the surfaces of which can have a complex shape.
Examples:

1. Batik - hand-painted fabric using reserve compounds.
The batik technique is based on the fact that paraffin, rubber glue, as well as some other resins and varnishes, when applied to fabric (silk, cotton, wool, synthetics), do not allow paint to pass through - or, as artists say, “reserve” from coloring individual areas of fabric.
There are several types of batik - hot, cold, knotted, free painting, free painting using saline solution, shibori.
Batik - batik is an Indonesian word. Translated from Indonesian, the word “ba” means cotton fabric, and “-tik” means “dot” or “drop”. Ambatik - to draw, to cover with drops, to hatch.
Batik painting has long been known among the peoples of Indonesia, India, etc. In Europe - since the twentieth century.
Examples:

2. Stained glass (lat. Vitrum - glass) is one of the types of decorative art. Glass or other transparent material is the main material. The history of stained glass begins in ancient times. Initially, glass was inserted into a window or doorway, then the first mosaic paintings and independent decorative compositions, panels made of colored pieces of glass or painted with special paints on plain glass appeared.
Examples:

3. Blowing - a technique based on blowing paint through a tube (on a sheet of paper). This ancient technique was traditional for the creators of ancient images (bone tubes were used).
Modern juice straws are no worse in use. They help to blow recognizable, unusual, and sometimes fantastic designs from a small amount of liquid paint on a sheet of paper.

4. Guilloche - the technique of burning an openwork pattern onto fabric manually using a burning machine was developed and patented by Zinaida Petrovna Kotenkova.
Guilloche requires careful work. It must be made in a single color scheme and correspond to the ornamental style of the given composition.
Napkins, panels with appliqués, bookmarks, handkerchiefs, collars - all this and much more, whatever your imagination suggests, will decorate any home!
Examples:

5. Grattage (from the French gratter - scrape, scratch) - scratching technique.
The drawing is highlighted by scratching with a pen or sharp instrument on paper or cardboard filled with ink (to prevent it from spreading, you need to add a little detergent or shampoo, just a few drops).
Examples:

6. Mosaic is one of the most ancient arts. This is a way of creating an image from small elements. Assembling a jigsaw puzzle is very important for a child’s mental development.
Can be made from different materials: bottle caps, beads, buttons, plastic chips, wooden cuts of twigs or matches, magnetic pieces, glass, ceramic pieces, small pebbles, shells, thermal mosaic, Tetris mosaic, coins, pieces of fabric or paper, grain, cereals, maple seeds, pasta, any natural material (scales of cones, pine needles, watermelon and melon seeds), pencil shavings, bird feathers, etc.
Examples:

7. Monotype (from the Greek monos - one, united and tupos - imprint) - one of the simplest graphic techniques.
On a smooth glass surface or thick glossy paper (it should not allow water to pass through), a drawing is made using gouache paint or paints. A sheet of paper is placed on top and pressed to the surface. The resulting print is a mirror image.
Examples:

8. Thread graphics (isothread, thread image, thread design) - a graphic image made in a special way with threads on cardboard or other solid base. Thread graphics are also sometimes called isographics or embroidery on cardboard. You can also use velvet (velvet paper) or thick paper as a base. The threads can be ordinary sewing, wool, floss or others. You can also use colored silk threads.
Examples:

9. Ornament (lat. ornamentum - decoration) - a pattern based on the repetition and alternation of its constituent elements; intended for decorating various objects (utensils, tools and weapons, textiles, furniture, books, etc.), architectural structures (both externally and in the interior), works of plastic arts (mainly applied), among primitive peoples also the human body itself (coloring, tattoo). Associated with the surface that it decorates and visually organizes, an ornament, as a rule, reveals or accentuates the architectonics of the object on which it is applied. The ornament either operates with abstract forms or stylizes real motifs, often schematizing them beyond recognition.
Examples:

10. Print.
Kinds:
- Printing with a sponge. Both a sea sponge and a regular one intended for washing dishes are suitable for this.
Examples:
Wood is usually used as the starting material for stamping using a cliche stamp so that it is convenient to hold in the hand. One side is made flat, because Cardboard is glued onto it, and patterns are glued onto the cardboard. They (patterns) can be made from paper, from rope, from an old eraser, from root vegetables...
- Stamp (stamping). Wood is usually used as the starting material for stamping using a cliche stamp so that it is convenient to hold in the hand. One side is made flat, because Cardboard is glued onto it, and patterns are glued onto the cardboard. They (patterns) can be made from paper, from rope, from an old eraser, from root vegetables, etc.
Examples:

11. Pointillism (French Pointillisme, literally “pointing”) is a style of writing in painting that uses pure paints that do not mix on the palette, applied in small strokes of a rectangular or round shape, counting on their optical mixing in the viewer’s eye, as opposed to mixing paints on the palette. Optical mixing of three primary colors (red, blue, yellow) and pairs of additional colors (red - green, blue - orange, yellow - violet) gives significantly greater brightness than a mechanical mixture of pigments. Mixing of colors to form shades occurs at the stage of perception of the picture by the viewer from a long distance or in a reduced view.
The founder of the style was Georges Seurat.
Another name for pointillism is divisionism (from the Latin divisio - division, crushing).
Examples:

12. Drawing with palms. Small children find it difficult to use a paint brush. There is a very exciting activity that will give the child new sensations, develop fine motor skills, and give the opportunity to discover a new and magical world of artistic creativity - this is palm painting. By drawing with their palms, little artists develop their imagination and abstract thinking.
Examples:

13. Drawing with leaf prints. Having collected various fallen leaves, smear each leaf with gouache from the vein side. The paper on which you are going to make a print can be colored or white. Press the colored side of the sheet onto a sheet of paper and carefully remove it, grasping it by the “tail” (petiole). This process can be repeated over and over again. And now, having completed the details, you already have a butterfly flying over the flower.
Examples:

14. Painting. One of the most ancient types of folk crafts, which for several centuries have been an integral part of everyday life and the original culture of the people. In Russian folk art there are a large number of varieties of this type of decorative and applied art.
Here are some of them:
- Zhostovo painting is an ancient Russian folk craft that arose at the beginning of the 19th century, in the village of Zhostovo, Mytishchi district, Moscow region. It is one of the most famous types of Russian folk painting. Zhostovo trays are painted by hand. Usually bouquets of flowers are depicted on a black background.
- Gorodets painting is a Russian folk art craft. It has existed since the middle of the 19th century. in the area of ​​Gorodets. Bright, laconic Gorodets painting (genre scenes, figurines of horses, roosters, floral patterns), made in a free stroke with a white and black graphic outline, decorated spinning wheels, furniture, shutters, and doors.
- Khokhloma painting is an ancient Russian folk craft, born in the 17th century in the district of Nizhny Novgorod.
Khokhloma is a decorative painting of wooden utensils and furniture, made in black and red (and also, occasionally, green) on a golden background. When painting, silver tin powder is applied to the wood. After this, the product is coated with a special composition and processed three or four times in the oven, which achieves a unique honey-golden color, giving the light wooden utensils a massive effect. Traditional elements of Khokhloma are red juicy rowan and strawberries, flowers and branches. Birds, fish and animals are often found.
Examples:

15. Encaustic (from ancient Greek “the art of burning”) is a painting technique in which wax is the binder of paint. Painting is done with melted paints (hence the name). A type of encaustic painting is wax tempera, characterized by its brightness and richness of colors. Many early Christian icons were painted using this technique.
Examples:

*Techniques related to sewing, embroidery and fabric use:
Sewing is a colloquial form of the verb “to sew”, i.e. something that is sewn or stitched.
Examples:

2. Patchwork, Quilt, Quilting or Patchwork is a folk arts and crafts art with centuries-old traditions and stylistic features. This is a technique that uses pieces of colorful fabrics or knitted elements in geometric shapes to join together in a blanket, blouse or bag.
Examples:
Kinds:
- Artichoke is a type of patchwork that got its name because of its resemblance to artichoke fruits. This technique has other names - “teeth”, “corners”, “scales”, “feathers”.
By and large, in this technique it all comes down to folding the cut out parts and sewing them onto the base in a certain sequence. Or, using paper, create (pasting) various panels of a round (or multifaceted) shape on a plane or in volume.
You can sew in two ways: direct the edge of the blanks to the center of the main part, or to its edges. This is if you sew a flat product. For products of a volumetric nature - with the tip towards the narrower part. The folded parts are not necessarily cut in the shape of squares. These can be rectangles or circles. In any case, we encounter the folding of cut-out blanks, therefore, it can be argued that these patchwork techniques belong to the family of patchwork origami, and since they create volume, then, therefore, to the “3d” technique.
Example:
- Crazy quilt. I recently came across this type. In my opinion, this is a multi-method.
The bottom line is that the product is created from a combination of various techniques: patchwork + embroidery + painting, etc.
Example:

3. Tsumami Kanzashi. The Tsumami technique is based on origami. Only they fold not paper, but squares of natural silk. The word "Tsumami" means "to pinch": the artist takes a piece of folded silk using tweezers or tweezers. The petals of future flowers are then glued onto the base.
The hairpin (kanzashi), decorated with a silk flower, gave its name to a whole new type of decorative and applied art. This technique was used to make decorations for combs and individual sticks, as well as for complex structures made up of various accessories.
Examples:

* Techniques related to knitting:
What is knitting? This is the process of making products from continuous threads by bending them into loops and connecting the loops to each other using simple tools by hand (a crochet hook, knitting needles).
Examples:

1. Knitting on a fork. An interesting way of crocheting using a special device - a fork curved in the shape of the letter U. The result is light, airy patterns.
2. Crochet (tambour) - the process of manually making fabric or lace from threads using a crochet hook. creating not only dense, relief patterns, but also thin, openwork, reminiscent of lace fabric. Knitting patterns consist of different combinations of loops and stitches. The correct ratio is that the thickness of the hook should be almost twice the thickness of the thread.
Examples:
3. Simple (European) knitting allows you to combine several types of loops, which creates simple and complex openwork patterns.
Examples:
4. Tunisian long crochet (both one and several loops can be used at the same time to create a pattern).
5. Jacquard knitting - patterns are knitted on knitting needles from threads of several colors.
6. Loin knitting – imitates loin-guipure embroidery on a special mesh.
7. Guipure crochet (Irish or Brussels lace).

2. Sawing. One type is sawing with a jigsaw. By decorating your home and home with handmade products or children's toys that are convenient for everyday life, you experience joy from the appearance and pleasure from the process of creating them.
Examples:

3. Carving is a type of decorative and applied art. It is one of the types of artistic woodworking along with sawing and turning.
Examples:

* Other self-sufficient techniques:
1. Applique (from the Latin “attachment”) is a way of working with colored pieces of various materials: paper, fabric, leather, fur, felt, colored beads, seed beads, woolen threads, embossed metal plates, all kinds of material (velvet, satin, silk), dried leaves... This use of various materials and structures in order to enhance expressive capabilities is very close to another means of representation - collage.
Examples:
There are also:
- Application from plasticine - plasticineography - a new type of decorative and applied art. It represents the creation of stucco paintings depicting more or less convex, semi-voluminous objects on a horizontal surface. At its core, this is a rarely seen, very expressive type of painting.
Examples:
- Application from “palms”. Examples:
- Broken applique is one of the types of multifaceted applique techniques. Everything is simple and accessible, like laying out a mosaic. The base is a sheet of cardboard, the material is a sheet of colored paper torn into pieces (several colors), the tool is glue and your hands. Examples:

2. Assemblage (French assemblage) - a visual art technique related to collage, but using three-dimensional parts or entire objects, applicatively arranged on a plane like a picture. Allows for artistic additions with paints, as well as metal, wood, fabric and other structures. Sometimes applied to other works, from photomontage to spatial compositions, since the terminology of the latest visual art is not completely established.
Examples:

3. Paper tunnel. The original English name for this technique is tunnel book, which can be translated as a book or paper tunnel. The essence of the technique can be clearly seen from the English name tunnel - tunnel - through hole. The multi-layered nature of the “books” that are put together conveys the feeling of a tunnel well. A three-dimensional postcard appears. By the way, this technique successfully combines different types of techniques, such as scrapbooking, applique, cutting, creating layouts and voluminous books. It is somewhat akin to origami, because... is aimed at folding paper in a certain way.
The first paper tunnel dates back to the mid-18th century. and was the embodiment of theatrical scenes.
Traditionally, paper tunnels are created to commemorate an event or are sold as souvenirs to tourists.
Examples:

4. Cutting is a very broad term.
Examples:
They are cut from paper, from foam plastic, from foam rubber, from birch bark, from plastic bottles, from soap, from plywood (though this is already called sawing), from fruits and vegetables, as well as from other various materials. Various tools are used: scissors, breadboard knives, scalpel. They cut out masks, hats, toys, postcards, panels, flowers, figurines and much more.
Kinds:
- Silhouette cutting is a cutting technique in which objects of an asymmetrical structure, with curved contours (fish, birds, animals, etc.), with complex outlines of figures and smooth transitions from one part to another, are cut out by eye. Silhouettes are easily recognizable and expressive; they should be without small details and as if in motion. Examples:
- The cutting is symmetrical. With symmetrical cutting, we repeat the contours of the image, which must fit exactly into the plane of a sheet of paper folded in half, consistently complicating the outline of the figure in order to correctly convey the external features of objects in a stylized form in the appliqués.
Examples:
- Vytynanka - the art of cutting openwork patterns from colored, white or black paper has existed since paper was invented in China. And this type of cutting became known as jianzhi. This art has spread throughout the world: China, Japan, Vietnam, Mexico, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ukraine, Lithuania and many other countries.
Examples:
- Carving (see below).

5. Decoupage (from the French decoupage - noun, “that which is cut out”) is a technique of decoration, applique, decoration using cut out paper motifs. Chinese peasants in the 12th century. They began to decorate furniture in this way. And in addition to cut out pictures from thin colorful paper, they began to cover it with varnish to make it look like a painting! So, along with beautiful furniture, this equipment also came to Europe.
Today, the most popular material for decoupage is three-layer napkins. Hence another name - “napkin technique”. The application can be absolutely limitless - dishes, books, boxes, candles, vessels, musical instruments, flower pots, bottles, furniture, shoes and even clothes! Any surface - leather, wood, metal, ceramics, cardboard, textiles, plaster - must be plain and light, because... the design cut out of the napkin should be clearly visible.
Examples:

6. Carving (from the English carvу - cut, carve, engrave, slice; carving - carving, carved work, carved ornament, carved figure) in cooking is the simplest form of sculpture or engraving on the surface of products from vegetables and fruits, such short-lived decorations table.
Examples:

7. Collage is a creative genre when a work is created from a wide variety of cut out images pasted onto paper, canvas or digitally. Comes from fr. papier collée - glued paper. Very quickly this concept began to be used in an expanded meaning - a mixture of various elements, a bright and expressive message from scraps of other texts, fragments collected on one plane.
The collage can be completed with any other means - ink, watercolor, etc.
Examples:

8. Constructor (from Latin constructor “builder”) is a multi-valued term. For our profile, this is a set of mating parts. that is, details or elements of some future layout, information about which was collected by the author, analyzed and embodied in a beautiful, artistically executed product.
Designers differ in the type of material - metal, wood, plastic and even paper (for example, paper origami modules). When different types of elements are combined, interesting designs for games and fun are created.
Examples:

9. Modeling - giving shape to a plastic material (plasticine, clay, plastic, salt dough, snowball, sand, etc.) using hands and auxiliary tools. This is one of the basic techniques of sculpture, which is intended for mastering the primary principles of this technique.
Examples:

10. A layout is a copy of an object with a change in size (usually reduced), which is made while maintaining proportions. The layout must also convey the main features of the object.
To create this unique work, you can use various materials, it all depends on its functional purpose (exhibition layout, gift, presentation, etc.). This can be paper, cardboard, plywood, wooden blocks, plaster and clay parts, wire.
Examples:
Type of layout - model - is a working layout that depicts (imitates) any significant features of the original. Moreover, attention is concentrated on certain aspects of the modeled object or, to an equal degree, its detail. The model is created to be used, for example, for visual-model teaching of mathematics, physics, chemistry and other school subjects, for a maritime or aviation club. A variety of materials are used in modeling: balloons, light and plastic mass, wax, clay, gypsum, papier-mâché, salt dough, paper, foam plastic, foam rubber, matches, knitting threads, fabric...
Modeling is the creation of a model that is reliably close to the original.
"Models" are those layouts that are in effect. And models that do not work, i.e. "strand" - usually called a layout.
Examples:

11. Soap making. Animal and vegetable fats and fat substitutes (synthetic fatty acids, rosin, naphthenic acids, tall oil) can be used as raw materials to obtain the main component of soap.
Examples:

12. Sculpture (Latin sculptura, from sculpo - I cut, carve) - sculpture, plastic - a type of fine art, the works of which have a three-dimensional form and are made of hard or plastic materials (metal, stone, clay, wood, plaster, ice, snow , sand, foam rubber, soap). Processing methods - modeling, carving, casting, forging, embossing, carving, etc.
Examples:

13. Weaving - production of fabric and textiles from yarn.
Examples:

14. Felting (or felting, or felting) – felting wool. There is “wet” and “dry”.
Examples:

15. Flat embossing is one of the types of decorative and applied art, as a result of knocking out a certain ornamental relief, drawing, inscription or round figured image, sometimes close to engraving, on a plate, a new work of art is created.
Processing of the material is carried out using a rod - a hammer, which stands vertically, the upper end of which is hit with a hammer. By moving the coin, a new shape gradually appears. The material must have a certain plasticity and the ability to change under the influence of force.
Examples:

In conclusion, it should be noted that the division (combination according to any criterion) of most techniques is conditional (subjective), and many techniques of applied creativity are multi-techniques, i.e. they combine several types of techniques.

Happy creativity everyone!
Your Margarita.

Today there are many techniques for working with paper. Some of them were created many centuries ago, others are forgotten and are experiencing a rebirth, and others have gained popularity quite recently. However, each of them teaches how to create unusually beautiful things, having only this material at hand. Further in the article we will consider the types of techniques for working with paper.

Historical data

The first mention of paper dates back to the 2nd century BC. e. It was invented in China by a court official and began to spread far to the West and Central Asia. In 793, it began to be made in Baghdad, and then further in the East. In the 14th century, paper mills began to operate in Europe.

By the middle of the 15th century, with the advent of printing, the demand for this material was rapidly increasing. The main raw materials for its production are cotton and linen. In the 18th century, with growing demand and a shortage of paper, the search began for other raw materials that could satisfy the needs of manufacturers. So, in the 19th century they began to make it from wood. During the same period, more modern equipment was produced, and new methods for producing this material were developed.

Today, the ancient craft is already a highly technical industry. While the manufacturing process has undergone many changes, the production of special varieties characterized by high strength is still based on the use of cotton or flax fibers.

Today it is impossible to imagine our life without paper. In addition to its main purpose, it is used to embody creative ideas, create compositions and decoration. However, even in ancient times, various figures were made using paper, pictures were painted, and homes were painted and decorated with it. Some techniques for working with paper have been known since ancient times.

Papier mache

This term is translated from French as “chewed paper.” In fact, it is paper torn into small pieces or strips of it soaked in glue. The finished mass can be poured into the mold. Objects are pasted over in separate pieces. After drying, the resulting products are decorated using various decorating techniques.

Initially, this type of art appeared in the Far East. The finished products were varnished and decorated with stones and paintings. Later this creativity developed in European countries. In the first half of the 18th century, using various techniques for working with paper, papier-mâché objects began to be made in France, then in England and Germany. By the end of the 19th century, this activity lost its popularity. However, due to its cheapness and simplicity, masks, Christmas tree decorations and mannequins continue to be made in this way.

Decoupage

This word is similar to the French decouper, which translates as “to cut.” Decoupage is a type of decorative art that allows you to create images and patterns on surfaces using paper cuttings. It is a very interesting and fascinating technique for working with paper.

It appeared in France in the 17th century. Here it was most often used to decorate furniture. Almost a century later, the art of decoupage spread throughout Europe. Over time, the technique became so popular that they began to use it to create paintings specifically designed for decorating household items. And today, many needlewomen use decoupage to give a second life to old things.

Paper cutting

In ancient China, the art of carving from this material arose against the backdrop of making stencils that were used for embroidery. Their ornaments were distinguished by their complexity and originality. In Japan, stencils cut from paper were used to print images on fabrics.

Later, this technique of working with paper became known in Europe and was widely used by monks to design manuscripts. After the material began to be used almost everywhere, people began to cut out figures, people, animals and scenes from life to decorate their homes. And today, in some countries, competitions and festivals are held in this type of art, where you can see truly unique products.

Paper decoration

There are many known ways to finish this material. For many years, the main method of decoration was the use of stencils with outlandish patterns. Using paper decorated in this way, the walls and ceilings of rooms, large and small objects were decorated. With the development of technology, a type of printing called stamping appears. It can be applied to any type of paper or paper products. Currently, such printing is considered one of the most accessible means for decorating paper. You can purchase ready-made stencils in specialized stores or make them yourself from available materials.

Making paper designs

By cutting, gluing and folding paper, you can make not only beautiful, but also useful items for your home. To do this, you need to be able to use techniques for working with paper and cardboard. You can create not only simple compositions, but also complex volumetric figures.

Paper folding dates back to the more ancient art of creating fabric items. The most popular is making paper structures using origami. This is a technique that allows you to create products from a simple airplane to complex geometric structures.

In the 19th century, in some European countries, folding figures from colored paper began to be taught in kindergartens.

Designs made from cardboard are no less popular. In the first half of the 20th century, it was used to make models for future sculptures and architectural structures. Recently, this technique has been widely used to create toy objects, including furniture from cardboard. It is worth noting that they are durable, environmentally friendly and cheap.

What is paper plastic?

This is a technique that is based on the ability of paper to take one form or another. This is a decorative art that allows you to create and model three-dimensional three-dimensional compositions and sculptures from paper.

Of all the different techniques known for working with paper, papermaking is considered the newest and most modern form of art. The first works performed by this method appeared at the beginning of the last century, and by the end of the 20th century the method was recognized as a separate type of creativity. Today, paper plastic has found its application in interior design, creating avant-garde fashion attributes and other areas.

Working in this technique is less painstaking than appliqué; the result is more reminiscent of three-dimensional objects created on a plane. Models, paintings and sculptures made in the style of paper plastic art are distinguished by their grace and realism.

Origami, modular origami, kirigami

These are some of the most exotic techniques:

Quilling

This name comes from the word quill, which means "bird feather". The technique of working with quilling paper involves twisting long strips of different widths into spirals and giving them a certain shape. Then three-dimensional or planar compositions are created from them.

The method originated in Europe approximately in the second half of the 14th - early 15th centuries. In the 20th century it was practically forgotten and only in recent years has it begun to gain popularity again. Despite the attitude towards paper as something fragile and short-lived, quilling makes you believe the opposite. For example, you can safely place a heavy object on a stand made using this technique without damaging any of the spirals.

Trimming

This decorative art belongs to non-traditional techniques of working with paper. Allows you to create unusual compositions of different types from it. Trimming is based on working with corrugated paper, in the center of which a rod is placed with its end and slightly twisted. The resulting trim piece is transferred to the outline of the drawing, glued and only then the rod is removed. Do the same with the following elements, attaching each part, it is important not to leave any voids.

Trimming happens:

1. Contour, that is, the trims are glued along the contour of the design.
2. Planar - occupies the entire surface of the image.
3. Volumetric - each part is glued at a special angle, which allows you to get a relief pattern.
4. Multilayer - the trims are glued into each other.

Application

Of all the different techniques for working with paper, this is considered one of the most popular. This creative activity consists of alternately gluing pieces of colored paper, fabric, leather, cardboard, leaves, beads, plates and other elements to the base to obtain a complete composition.

Appliqué activity is accessible even to young children; it develops thinking and fine motor skills well. Elements of a future craft can be made in advance by an adult or entrusted to a child. The composition can be made entirely of glued elements or combined with drawn details.

Using this technique, entire paintings are created that reflect the mood, movement and character of their characters. To do this, silhouettes of people, animals, and household items are cut out. In the last century, still lifes and black and white illustrations were composed in this way.

What are the benefits of working with paper for kids?

According to child psychologists and teachers, teaching a child to be creative contributes to his comprehensive intellectual development. Working with pliable material allows you to create beautiful things yourself.

Teaching children techniques for working with paper makes it possible to interest children of any age. You can start with simpler applique and trimming, and end with quilling and origami. In the process of work, children gain confidence in movements, develop flexibility of fingers, strive to improve their skills and comprehend more complex types of paper-making.

An equally important component is the moral and ethical education of children. Making paper crafts allows you to develop such qualities as morality, willingness to help, collectivism, communication skills, support, joy for a friend, and solving assigned problems.

The creative process itself develops imagination, spatial and visual thinking, reveals the child’s personal potential and intellectual capabilities. Mastering more complex techniques prepares children for independent planning, monitoring and evaluating their actions, correcting mistakes and self-control.

If you use any of these methods, you should follow paper safety precautions. Where scissors are used, you must remember that this is a dangerous object and must be handled very carefully. Children must work with special tools with blunt ends. It is also important to remember that paper has sharp edges and can cause serious injury.