Preschool age is the most important stage in a child’s development. It is during this period that the child joins the world of social values. It is at this age that a child enters this huge, amazing and beautiful world. Only in preschool age is the foundation of a system of patriotic, spiritual and moral values ​​laid, which will determine the attitude of an adult to the world and its manifestations in all its diversity. The preschooler develops the foundations of his attitude towards himself, his immediate environment and society as a whole. In the process of spiritual and moral education, concepts about relatives in the family are deepened and expanded, skills of friendly communication with peers are instilled, and ideas about the immediate (house, yard, street, city) and distant surroundings (region, country) are given. Moral education of a preschooler is a targeted pedagogical intervention to familiarize the child with moral standards of behavior in the process of various activities.

In a crisis society, the main priorities in raising a child are his early development and education to ensure success and prosperity in independent adult life. And categories such as patriotism and spirituality occupy far from the first places.

No wonder they say: “Children are our future.” And what it will be depends on us adults: parents, teachers, the public. It is necessary to create conditions in which the child’s initial desire for the sublime, holy and good would be formed and consolidated. Because the habits and values ​​established in childhood will become the moral foundation for making vital decisions in the future.

We must also remember that children are our reflection. First of all, we ourselves must become carriers of the spiritual and moral culture that we strive to instill in our children.

The goal of spiritual and moral education in our kindergarten is the formation of the moral qualities of the child’s personality, the accumulation of spiritual experience based on the traditions of Orthodox culture.

All work is carried out in three areas:

1. self-education of teachers;
2. interaction with parents;
3. joint activities with children.

Joint activity with children is the most extensive and most beneficial direction in spiritual and moral education. The variety of forms allows our students to touch the basics of Orthodox culture with great interest.

• Holidays (traditional “Christmas” and “Easter”, “Angel Day”);
• reading children's Orthodox literature (“Children's Bible”);
• conversations on moral topics (“Principles of Wisdom. 50 Lessons on Good Qualities”);
• educational projects (“Letter to a Friend”, “Smolensk Flax”, “Enlighteners of the Russian Land”, “Magic Book of History”);
• listening to audio recordings (children's Orthodox songs and fairy tales);
• watching videos - parables
• viewing book illustrations and photographs;
• productive activity.

Interaction with parents is an integral part of the educational process in our preschool educational institution. Various forms of cooperation help teachers achieve their goals and objectives:

• questionnaire (“Attitude of parents to the spiritual and moral education of the child”);
• parent meetings “Health of soul and body”, “Moral education of children in the family and in kindergarten”).
• moving folders (Conversations about education);
• thematic exhibitions (exhibition of Orthodox literature “Living Spring”);
• exhibitions of family creativity (“Easter is the day of spring”, “The beauty of God’s world”);
• joint holidays (family holiday “Easter”, “Heavenly Guardian Angel”, “Forgiveness Resurrection”.

We all understand that a child is not born evil or good, moral or immoral. What moral qualities a child will develop depends, first of all, on his parents, teachers and the adults around him, on how they raise him and what impressions they enrich him with.

Spiritual and moral education is a long-term process, involving an internal change in each participant, which can be reflected not here and not now, in preschool childhood, but much later, which makes it difficult to assess the effectiveness of the activities carried out, but does not reduce the significance of our work.

We consider civic-patriotic education, as one of the areas of social and personal development of children, an important part of the pedagogical activities of our preschool institution.

The essence of patriotic education is to sow and cultivate in a child’s soul the seeds of love for the native nature, for the native home and family, for the history and culture of the country, created by the work of relatives and friends, those who are called compatriots. Inheriting the moral and aesthetic values ​​of one’s native culture at a very tender age is the most natural, and therefore the surest way of patriotic education, instilling a feeling of love for the Fatherland.

Patriotic education is the process of mastering the heritage of traditional national culture, forming an attitude towards the country and state where a person lives, therefore, starting from early preschool age, we work on patriotic education through love for nature, through emotional responsiveness to the aesthetic side of the world around us.

In middle age, the work of patriotic education goes through knowledge of the human world, the natural world, and through the formation of the prerequisites for the moral development of the child.

In older preschool age, through a cognitive attitude to the world, through the development of the foundations of ecological culture, through laying the foundations of a respectful attitude towards other cultures, through the position of a creator and creator, through emotional responsiveness to the aesthetic side of the surrounding reality.

Today there are many concepts, technologies, partial programs in which civic, patriotic education is presented in different formulations and volumes. In our work on patriotic education, we rely on such authors as M. Yu. Novitskaya, the “Heritage” program and O. L. Knyazeva, M.D. Makhaneva - program “Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture.”

In our work we use various forms and methods of work:

It has become traditional at the preschool educational institution to hold a week of Friendship, Goodness and Beauty, during which the ability to compassion and empathy is laid in the hearts of children, kindness, obedience, modesty, patience, attention, friendliness and, most importantly, love are formed in the character, mind and soul. For each age group, long-term plans have been developed in the following areas: how they lived in Rus'; I and my family; my small and large Motherland based on the integration of different types of activities: cognitive-research, speech, productive, musical and artistic, reading fiction, memorizing works of folklore, outdoor and didactic games.

We include children’s participation in folklore and Orthodox holidays in the annual plan of the preschool educational institution. Orthodox holidays and rituals are a source of knowledge of the people’s soul, wisdom, traditions and way of life of our people. They play a special role as an expression of national character, a vibrant form of recreation for children and adults united by joint actions.

• National and folklore holidays: Maslenitsa, Defender of the Fatherland Day, New Year, Victory Day, Cosmonautics Day, Knowledge Day, City Day.
• International holidays - Children's Day, Mother's Day, International Women's Day.
• Orthodox holidays - Easter, Christmas.
• Household and family holidays - school graduation, birthdays.

The formation of patriotic feelings is more effective if you establish a close connection with your family. Help from parents or joint activities gives children a sense of pride and contributes to the development of the child’s emotions and social sensitivity. In the process of communicating with parents and other family members, the child, imitating them, learns norms, rules and forms of social behavior.

To summarize, I would like to say that civic-patriotic education has occupied and will occupy a central place in the educational system of our preschool institution. And thanks to the variety of forms and methods of work, we – teachers – have a unique opportunity to influence the formation of future citizens, patriots of Russia

Music as a means of developing spiritual, moral and patriotic qualities of the personality of preschool children

Kokina Larisa Konstantinovna

music director of the highest qualification category

MBDOU kindergarten No. 15 “Rucheek”

Russia, Nizhny Novgorod region, city of Sergach.

Annotation: The article is devoted to spiritual, moral and patriotic education in the process of musical activity of preschool children. Personal experience in the formation of personal qualities of preschool children in music classes, holidays and entertainment is presented.

Keywords: spiritual and moral, patriotic, education, preschoolers, music, musical activity.

Music as means of formation of spiritual and moral and patriotic qualities of the identity of preschool children

Kokina Larisa Konstantinovna

musical director of the highest qualification category

MBDOU kindergarten No. 15 "Trickle"

Russia, Nizhny Novgorod region, Sergach.

Annotation: the Article is dedicated to spiritual, moral and Patriotic education in the process of musical activity of preschool children. Personal experience on the formation of personal qualities of children of preschool age on musical occupations, holidays and entertainments is presented.

Key words: spiritual and moral, Patriotic education, preschool children, music, musical activity.

“Holy images, thoughts and dreams should be implanted in the soul and heart of a child - a sense of beauty, a desire for self-knowledge and self-development; responsibility for your thoughts; striving for good; courage and fearlessness, a sense of care and compassion, joy and admiration..."

Shalvo Amonashvili

Preschool age is the most important stage in the development and education of a child’s personality. It is in preschool childhood that an internal system of universal human values ​​is formed, which will form the basis for the child’s entire future life.

The spiritual and moral education of a person is a difficult and long-term process.A positive result can only be achieved through systematic work, which should take place in the joint activities of teachers, parents and children.

Musical art is the richest and most effective means of spiritual and moral education; it has great power to influence and educate human feelings.Music is the best way to develop all the good things inherent in a child. In the process of learning, he begins to become more deeply aware of himself and actively strive for goodness and love.Enter the little oneschildren into the wonderful world of music, raisingbased on itgood feelings, instilling moral qualities is a rewarding and at the same time important task.

The music director of a kindergarten forms the foundations of musical and general culture, spiritual formation and personality development in a preschooler. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved through the organization of musical educational activities:

Development of cognitive, artistic and creative abilities of children through familiarization with works of musical art and folklore;

Accumulating experience in the perception of folk music;

Nurturing a spiritual and moral attitude and a sense of belonging to the family, home, kindergarten, native land, native country; culture of behavior through musical and aesthetic activities.[ 1, 13 ]

To solve these problems we useforms of work: holidays and entertainment, complex activities based on literary, musical and artistic works of domestic authors and works of oral folk art, conversations - concerts, parent meetings and conferences, literary and musical lounges.

In the music hall of the kindergarten, conditions have been created for the formation and development of the foundations of musical culture and creative abilities of children. There are recordings of classical musical works, works of Russian folk art, children's songs, portraits of composers, didactic games, presentations on introducing children to folk art, folk ritual holidays and customs, Russian nature, and also modern patriotic holidays. Methodological material is constantly updated and supplemented with new developments. The developing subject-spatial environment of the music hall corresponds to the Federal State Educational Standard for Education.

The work is being built in stages, according to the age characteristics of the children, strictly observing the content of the educational process of MBDOU kindergarten No. 15 “Rucheyok”.

The active formation of spiritual and moral qualities begins from early preschool age. At this age, through listening to songs, learning characteristic dances and musical games, knowledge about family, home and kindergarten is formed. By middle age, active socialization occurs, knowledge about the surrounding life, about one’s small homeland expands. Much attention is paid here to traditions and customs, identity and national color of the native land.

At an older age, the child’s civic position is formed, familiarization with the musical culture of his native country, development of artistic taste, and a conscious attitude towards the national musical heritage.

Great potential for spiritual, moral and patriotic influence lies in folk art. Folklore unobtrusively, often in a fun playful way, introduces children to the customs, life and work of the Russian people, their caring attitude towards nature, love of life and sense of humor.

Works of folk music are simple, imaginative, and melodic, so children quickly learn them. The intonation advantages of songs allow children to use them both at a younger and older age. Folk songs contribute to the development of initial singing skills in young children. At an older age, they can be used as chants. A wide variety of folk music is widely used for learning dance movements, round dances, dances, and performances. It also constantly sounds when performing movements in music classes and in morning exercises.

In order to develop in preschoolers a love for their small homeland, the plan for musical education includes a regional component - acquaintance with Tatar and Mordovian musical creativity - this is a variable part of the main general education program.

One of the means of implementing the tasks of spiritual, moral and patriotic education was the holding of national holidays. The holidays are held in a playful way, where children consolidate their knowledge with arts and crafts: haze, Khokhloma, Gzhel, Russian nesting dolls. A large abundance of folk games, dances and round dances keep neither adults nor children bored. Guests, parents and children are direct participants in preschool events.

Celebrating Russian national holidays is also an integral part of educating the spiritual, moral and patriotic qualities of preschoolers: Defender of the Fatherland Day, International Women's Day, Victory Day, Russia Day, National Unity Day, Mother's Day. They contribute to the development in preschool children of a sense of pride in their homeland.

The annual fair “Sergach Chime” has become a good tradition, which is held in the form of a parent conference and sums up the results of the past school year. The conference scenario is based on the relationship between folk culture and family traditions.

Holidays form children’s understanding of festive culture, introduce them to the traditions of celebration, and introduce them to universal culture. On this basis, preschoolers develop moral and moral qualities, artistic taste, and develop an active life position.[ 1, 304 ]

By becoming familiar with the cultural musical heritage, the child learns the standards of beauty and appropriates the valuable cultural experience of generations.

According to D.D. Shostakovich “...Music can show millions of people what is happening in the soul of one person, and reveal to one person what is filled with the soul of all humanity...”[ 1, 12 ]

Used Books:

1. O.P. Radynova, L.N. Komissarova “Theory and methodology of musical education of preschool children”

2. A.Ya. Danilyuk, A.M. Kondakov, V.A. Tishkov “The concept of spiritual and moral development and education of the personality of a citizen of Russia”

3. M.D. Makhaneva “Moral and patriotic education of preschool children”

Experience as a preschool teacher. Individualization of personality

Currently, economic and political changes have led to significant social differentiation of the population and the loss of spiritual values ​​common to all citizens of the country. These changes have reduced the educational impact of Russian culture as the most important factor in the formation of a sense of patriotism. Therefore, the idea of ​​cultivating patriotism and citizenship, acquiring increasing social significance, is becoming a task of national importance. The “National Doctrine of Education in the Russian Federation” emphasizes that “the education system is designed to ensure ... the education of patriots of Russia, citizens of a legal democratic, social state, respecting the rights and freedoms of the individual, possessing high morality and showing national and religious tolerance.”
The relevance and significance of moral and patriotic education in modern conditions is emphasized in the special program “Patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation for 2011-2015.” ", approved by the Government of the Russian Federation on October 5, 2010. The program determines the main ways of developing the system of patriotic education, substantiates its content, goals and objectives in modern conditions.
Research on the problem of patriotic education of preschool children is reflected in the works of N.V. Aleshina, A.A. Zelenova, JI.B. Loginova, M.D. Makhaneva, etc. One of the main tasks is the child’s mastery of universal human values, among which progressive thinkers have always highlighted human rights, his freedom, respect for human dignity, care for people, compassion, acceptance of another person as he is , what is defined by the term “tolerance” in the works of foreign and domestic scientists. Cultivating tolerance today is one of the most important problems. A.V. Sukhomlinsky argued: “A cultured person is tolerant of people of other nationalities, of dissidents, and is not aggressive.” Tolerance, respect, acceptance and a proper understanding of the world's cultures should be instilled at an early age. Treating representatives of different nationalities with respect and respect is an essential condition for tolerant education.
A preschool child is most susceptible to emotional, value, spiritual and moral development, and civic education. At the same time, deficiencies in development and upbringing during this period of life are difficult to compensate for in subsequent years. What is experienced and learned in childhood is characterized by great psychological stability. Teaching materials on topics:
"I and my family"
Game situations:“It’s so easy to please mom” to develop the ability to understand the feelings of another person. The teacher invites one child to take on the role of mother, and the other child. Acting out situations: “Mom is sick,” “Mom came home from work,” etc.
Game exercise:“My desires” promote awareness of your well-being, mood, desires.
Productive activity: “My family” drawing up a family tree. The teacher invites the children at home, together with their parents, to find photographs and make a family tree, then bring their trees to the group and tell other children about their family.
Kindness lesson: “How to share cookies”, “Why are you sad, mom?”
Pantomime “I was washing the dishes and dropped the cup”, “I ate a lot of candy”, etc. The teacher tells the children that they will now be actors and they need to play a role.
Game - imitation “We quarreled and made up” to develop the ability to show emotional responsiveness. The teacher invites the children to role-play situations: “one chocolate bar. How to divide between several children"
Scheme- duties “The life of my family”, the teacher asks the children how they help at home, and offers to make cheat sheets - helpers.
Drawing his portrait, the child tells how he sees himself on a large sheet of paper, using different techniques and art materials, each child draws his own portrait
Kindness lessons “Looking in the mirror” promote a feeling of trust and openness. The child is invited to look in a magic mirror and use facial expressions to show his feelings in different situations (“It’s my birthday,” “I’m sick,” etc.)

Practice shows that targeted work on spiritual and moral education must be carried out in the following directions:
- spiritual and moral education of preschool children;
- formation of citizenship and patriotism in preschool children;
- development of ideas about folk culture.
Aspects of the spiritual and moral education of preschool children include the following tasks:
- formation of ideas about good and evil, justice, responsiveness and mutual assistance in preschool children;
- enriching the practical moral behavior of preschool children through gaming methods and techniques;
- ensuring the psychological and moral health of preschool children;
- knowledge of the surrounding world by preschool children.
The formation of citizenship and patriotism in preschool children includes the following concepts:
- Russia, the multinational people of the Russian Federation, civil society, family, work, art, science, religion, nature, humanity.
- patriotism - love for Russia, for one’s people, for one’s small homeland, service to the Fatherland;
- family - love and loyalty, health, prosperity, respect for parents, care for elders and younger ones, care for procreation;
- art and literature - beauty, harmony, the spiritual world of man, moral choice, the meaning of life, aesthetic development, ethical development;
- nature - evolution, native land, protected nature, planet Earth, environmental consciousness;
- humanity - world peace, diversity of cultures and peoples, human progress, international cooperation.
The main goal of the third direction- this is the formation of a “basis of culture” in preschool children based on familiarization with the way of life and the life of their native people, their character, their inherent moral values, traditions, and cultural characteristics. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were identified:
- introduce children to the origins of Russian folk culture;
- to cultivate interest and love for Russian national culture, folk art, customs, traditions, rituals, the folk calendar, and folk games.
- use all types of folklore as a rich source of cognitive and moral development of children.
- create conditions for children to independently reflect acquired knowledge and skills;
- involve parents in the educational process through joint holding of calendar holidays.
Special attention We pay attention to the use of folklore (fairy tales, songs, proverbs, sayings, round dances). Since it is in oral folk art that the special features of the national character, its inherent moral values, ideas about goodness, beauty, truth, courage, hard work, and loyalty have been preserved. By introducing children to sayings, riddles, proverbs, and fairy tales, we thereby introduce them to universal moral values. Proverbs and sayings briefly and accurately evaluate various life positions, ridicule human shortcomings, and praise positive qualities. An important place in works of oral folk art is occupied by a respectful attitude towards work and admiration for the skill of human hands. Thanks to this, folklore works are a rich source of cognitive and moral development of children. Folk holidays and traditions should occupy a large place in introducing children to folk culture. It is here that the most subtle observations of the characteristic features of the seasons, weather changes, and the behavior of birds, insects, and plants are focused. Moreover, these observations are directly related to the work and various aspects of human social life in all their integrity and diversity.
The spiritual and moral development and education of preschool children should be included in all types of children's activities. In other words, integrative education is necessary, which includes:
- conversations on topics of everyday life and the surrounding world;
- reading and discussing works of art as a universal way of talking with children on spiritual and moral topics;
- music, painting, poetry as the spiritual basis of creativity.
- role-playing games with problematic situations;
- simulation games;
- interactive games;
- acting out and modeling problem situations;
- viewing and analysis of fragments of animated films with subsequent modeling of new versions;
- holding a tournament of experts.
Thus, the spiritual and moral development and education of the individual as a whole is a complex, multifaceted process. It is inseparable from a person’s life in all its completeness and inconsistency, from family, society, culture, humanity as a whole, from the country of residence and the cultural and historical era that shapes the way of life of the people and human consciousness.
Literature
1. A.Ya. Danilyuk, A.M. Kondakov, V.A. Tishkov, Concept of spiritual and moral development and education of the personality of a Russian citizen. - Moscow “Enlightenment”, 2009
2. Introducing children to Russian folk art: Lesson notes and scripts for calendar and ritual holidays: A manual for teachers of preschool educational institutions / Author. comp. Kuprina L.S., Budarina T.A., Makhaneva O.A., Korepanova O.N. and others - St. Petersburg: “Childhood-Press”, 2004.
3. Calendar ritual holidays for preschool children. Team of authors: Pugacheva N.V.; Esaulova N.A.; Potapova N.N. study guide. – M.: Pedagogical Society of Russia, 2005.
4. Knyazeva O.L., Makhaneva M.D. Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture: Program. Educational and methodological manual - St. Petersburg: Detstvo-Press, 2004.
5. Litvinova M.F. Russian folk outdoor games for children of preschool and primary school age: A practical guide. / M.: Iris-press, 2003.

Today, teachers pay increased attention to patriotic education.

The main task in cultivating these feelings is the formation of deep attachment in children to their people and culture.

Education of patriotism to date great attention is paid to which is one of the main goals of education.

It is no secret that today many young people do not have a clear orientation in life. They live without thinking about moral principles.

The strength of a country is determined by its civic community. Raising a future patriot should begin with instilling love for one's Fatherland. Already, starting from 3-4 years old in kindergarten, the basic moral values ​​are laid down, which are designed to educate a generation that is not indifferent to the historical past of its people.

Raising children senior preschool age It should be taught by teachers who themselves know its history and culture. Patriotic education program for children preschool age according to Federal State Educational Standards involves familiarization with the natural expanses of the native land and heroic personalities. Also, the foundations of personality education are laid in family.

Preschooler

According to the program according to federal state standards tasks are set based on the cultivation of conscious desire build your life in the future on the basis of family values, love for your small homeland.

be encouraged in family must, close.

So forms and methods should have the following directions:

1. Spiritual and moral(visiting museums, creating thematic folders with the help of parents).
2. Cultural and educational(conversations, concerts, meetings with interesting people).
3. (feasible work on improvement, Timurov's help) orientation.

You should also pay attention to civil law (familiarity with the elements of state symbols, the constitution), sports and patriotic (outdoor games, sports competitions) work. Younger pupils already recognize themselves as full-fledged members of the circle of relatives and are immersed in the world of family traditions. This lays the foundations patriotic education of children in the family.

Expansion of local history information about the history and memorable places of the small homeland is taking place both in kindergarten and at school. The formation of environmental awareness and respect for nature must begin in children from 3-4 years.

Moral

Our priority is to instill morality in children. Preschool children perceive the world around them emotionally and figuratively, which allows them to lay the foundations of moral and patriotic values. The main core in the education of a comprehensively developed personality is morality.

Moral Foundations are called upon to form a humane attitude, hard work, patriotism, and collectivism. These norms should be manifested in various areas of children’s life: in the family, communication with peers. Sometimes such influence is not adequate to moral standards.

In preschool age, the purposeful education of moral qualities is carried out in the children's team. A big role belongs to educators who, preparing children for school, try to instill in them the qualities of love for the Motherland, modesty and honesty, combining love for people and manifestations of sensitivity.

Jr

For kids primary school age characterized by curiosity and the ability to absorb received information.

Therefore, educators are tasked with awakening in children junior preschool age lively cognitive interest, curiosity about the history and traditions of the Fatherland.

All educational work should be subordinated to this task. in the dhow.

Personal qualities can be developed through literary works and musical compositions. Their influence forms the emotional coloring of cognizable moral phenomena.

One of nature is the way to educate morality. Its influence makes it possible to educate children of primary preschool age moral feelings. They are expressed in the need to help those around them and build confidence in their own abilities in children. Thus, the foundations of patriotism are laid.

One of the effective ways to develop morality is active work. Morality can be instilled through play and work. All these components contribute to the formation of the practice of moral behavior. Communication plays a significant role in this aspect. With its help, ideas about morality are corrected and feelings are nurtured in children.

Also an effective means of education is the environment in which the child develops. Parents should fill it with goodwill and love. This is very important, since its impact affects the formation of moral qualities.

Senior

Raising patriotic feelings in preschool age is a rather labor-intensive and lengthy process. In the development of personality, love for family, kindergarten, native land, and country plays an important role. The development of morality largely depends on the influence of loved ones, educators, and what impressions will enrich the child’s soul.

Love for the Motherland begins small, when a respectful attitude towards the mother and surrounding people is instilled. It is necessary to learn to find around you what is worthy of admiration (home, street, surrounding nature). This will be facilitated by various exhibitions and competitions, such as: “Miracles in the garden”, “Mom’s Golden Hands”, “Flower Fantasies”, “Visiting Samodelkin”.

Creating photo exhibitions of people of different professions introduces children to the various facets of human life and reveals the versatility of its manifestations. It is necessary to pay attention to the historical past of the native land, its culture and traditions. Participation in folk holidays (Easter, Maslenitsa, etc.) introduces children to folk customs.

To celebrate memorable dates associated with the Great Patriotic War, you can organize meetings with veterans, Afghan soldiers, and poetry reading competitions on military topics. You can organize work for the participation of preschoolers in projects such as “Under a lucky star we live in our native land”, “Victory Day”, “Be a citizen of our native country” and others.

In family

A child’s first patriotic lessons are related to family, which is due to the transmission by mom and dad of their life perception.

At home, the first spark of great love and care for nature, loyalty to one’s land is lit. Family holidays are designed to give rise to bright, warm feelings.

The manifestation of patriotism by relatives in everyday life is of great importance.

This could be a joint look through a family album of photographs, grandparents' stories about their lives, their memories.

At this age, we need to make children understand the need to constantly strive to live better, which means learning something, acquiring new knowledge and skills.

You cannot extinguish the manifestations of noble feelings in children by rejecting their help, forcing them to remain silent when they should talk about injustice. Disadvantages of family education lead to various vices, when some young people do not have a sacred attitude towards their mother, family, and homeland. The main thing is money and satisfaction of personal needs.

Conclusion

The power of parental example in raising patriots of one's country is significant. Children know how to listen and remember, and parental memories of the past will leave a deep imprint in their hearts. Everything that is characteristic of a real family - sacred attitude towards spiritual and cultural values ​​must be passed on as a legacy. In the future, preschool institutions and schools will polish the qualities that are necessary for a patriotic citizen.

Municipal preschool educational institution

Vyrovsky kindergarten "Kolosok"

EXPERIENCE

ON THE TOPIC: “MORAL AND PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN THROUGH PROJECT ACTIVITIES”

Educator: Sunderova Tatyana Anatolyevna

Introduction. 3

Main part. 6

Analytical results of work experience.. 8

Conclusion. 9

Literature. 10

List of developed materials. eleven

Model of morally patriotic education of preschool children. 13

Planning work on the moral and patriotic education of preschool children. 14

Monitoring the moral and patriotic education of preschool children. 18

Introduction

“Childhood is a daily discovery of the world and,

therefore, we must do so that it becomes, first of all,

knowledge of man and the Fatherland, their beauty and greatness"

V.A. Sukhomlinsky

In modern conditions, when profound changes are taking place in the life of society, one of the pressing problems is the patriotic education of the younger generation. To be a patriot means to feel like an integral part of the Fatherland. This complex feeling arises even in preschool childhood, when the foundations of a value-based attitude towards the world around us are laid, and is formed in the child gradually, in the course of nurturing love for his loved ones, for kindergarten, for his native places, his native country. Now, in a period of instability in society, there is a need to return to the best traditions of our people, to its age-old roots, to such eternal concepts as clan, kinship, and Motherland. In the Sovetsky district, special attention is paid to this problem through various events, promotions, competitions and projects.

At different times, teachers and scientists addressed the problem of patriotic education of preschool children: K.D. Ushinsky, L.N. Tolstoy, Ya.A. Komensky, G.N. Volkov, A.S. Makarenko, V.A. Sukhomlinsky. In our time, a significant contribution to the study of this problem has been made by L.A. Kondrykinskaya, N.G. Komratova, E.Yu. Alexandrova, Yu.M. Novitskaya and others. Modern researchers in the patriotic and civic education of preschoolers focus on nurturing love for their home, nature, and the culture of their small Motherland.

Having studied various methods of work, I came to the conclusion that the introduction of project activities in work with preschoolers is one of the means of enhancing the cognitive and creative development of the child. The knowledge acquired by children during the implementation of the project becomes the property of their personal experience. Based on a personality-oriented approach to training and education, it develops cognitive interest in various areas of knowledge and develops cooperation skills. One of the most effective, interesting and expedient forms is the organization of project activities.

The novelty of the experience lies in the use of the project method to educate moral and patriotic feelings of children in a preschool educational institution.

At the stage of completion of preschool education, the following targets are determined:

• The child masters the basic cultural methods of activity, shows initiative and independence in various types of activities; is able to choose his occupation and participants in joint activities;
• The child is able to negotiate, take into account the interests and feelings of others, empathize with failures and rejoice in the successes of others, adequately express his feelings, including a sense of self-confidence;
• The child can express his thoughts and desires, can use speech to express his thoughts and feelings;
• The child shows curiosity, asks questions to adults and peers, is interested in cause-and-effect relationships, and tries to independently come up with explanations for natural phenomena and people’s actions; inclined to observe and experiment. Has basic knowledge about himself, about the natural and social world in which he lives; has basic understanding of living nature; the child is capable of making his own decisions, relying on his knowledge and skills in various types of activities.

Main part

She organized her system of work on moral and patriotic education of preschool children according to the principle “from simple to complex.” It consists of the following thematic blocks:

In the thematic block " My family. My house" You can include the following projects: “Family”, “Weekend with the family”, “Traditions of my family”.

To block "Kindergarten": “My favorite kindergarten”, “Together a friendly family kindergarten, parents and I”, “Week of games and toys.”

To block "My little homeland" includes such projects as “Where the Motherland Begins”, “My Small Motherland - Malinovsky Village”

Block "My native land" includes the project “Favorite Land”, the environmental project “They Must Live”.

Block "Home country": projects “Beloved Russia”, “Moscow - the capital of Russia”.

Block "Our Army": projects “Defenders of the Fatherland”, “We will serve the Motherland”, “Victory Day”

Thematic block "Space" is introduced from senior preschool age, and the following projects were used: “Fun Astronomy”, “Me and Outer Space”.

Projects related to state, civil and international holidays were drawn up and implemented: “New Year”, “Christmas tree decorations”, “Broad Maslenitsa”, “All kinds of mothers are needed, all kinds of mothers are important”, “All kinds of mothers are needed, all kinds of mothers are important”.

The organization of project activities takes into account the age capabilities of preschoolers, their mental and individual characteristics, so with children of the middle group, projects are short-term in nature. For example, in the “My Family” block, projects such as “Weekend with the Family” were implemented, where parents of preschool children took an active part, drawing up a project of events in accordance with the traditions of their family. For the school-preparatory group, the projects were research and long-term in nature, during the implementation of which children, together with teachers and parents, collected historical facts and events.

The group created a subject-development environment with a patriotic orientation:

We equipped the center “My Motherland - Russia”;

We picked up: didactic games: “Defenders of Russia”, “Military Equipment”, “Find the Russian Flag”, “Space”, etc.;

We prepared folders for viewing: “My family”, “Russian nesting doll”, “My favorite village”, “Ulyanovsk region and its attractions”, “Moscow and its attractions”, “State symbols of Russia”, “Nature of our region”, “World” Volga region in dolls and toys”, “Tales of our region”.

We designed the role-playing games “My Family”, “Army”, “Space”, “Sailors”, etc.

We have selected methodological and fiction literature through which children will improve their knowledge about exploits during the Second World War, about Russia, the Russian Army, etc.

She prepared consultations for educators on “Moral and Patriotic Education of Preschool Children,” “Raising Patriots,” and “Features of Patriotic Education at the Present Stage.”

For parents, she prepared and held a meeting on the topic: “Cultivating love for one’s native village in kindergarten and at home,” visual and informational consultations “The role of the family in nurturing patriotic feelings in preschoolers,” and developed a memo for parents on the patriotic education of preschoolers.

Analytical results of work experience

To determine the level of development of moral and patriotic education of preschool children, I am guided by the methodology of examining patriotic education in kindergarten by M.I. Novitskaya, S.Yu Afonasyeva, N.A. Vinogradova, N.V. Miklyaeva.

Monitoring shows that the quality of work on the moral and patriotic education of preschoolers is improving.

As a result of the work, children learn and name the symbols of the country, region, region; can give answers to questions about the wealth and attractions of our region, village, about the life and existence of the peoples of the Volga region.

Using the project method in preschool education as one of the methods of integrated teaching of preschoolers helps to increase children's independent activity, develop creative thinking, children's ability to independently find information about an object or phenomenon of interest in different ways and use this knowledge to create new objects of reality.

Conclusion

The project method, as one of the methods of teaching preschoolers, is based on the interests of children and assumes the independent activity of pupils. Only by acting independently, children learn in different ways to find information about an object or phenomenon that interests them and use this knowledge to create new objects of activity. This understanding of the essence of the project method contributes to the formation of independence, deeply motivated, purposeful cognitive activity in preschool children.

I consider the use of the project method in the system of moral and patriotic education to be the most acceptable, since it allowed us to combine the interests of all participants in the project:

The teacher has the opportunity for self-realization and creativity in work in accordance with his professional level;

Parents have the opportunity to actively participate in the process of moral and patriotic education of children that is significant to them;

Children are organized according to their interests, desires, and needs.

The result of the work allows us to conclude that the use of the project method in order to develop moral and patriotic qualities in preschoolers is effective and efficient.

In the future I will continue to work on this topic. I plan to develop a program for the moral and patriotic education of preschool children; replenish the subject-development environment in the group.

List of developed materials

1. Model of moral and patriotic education of preschool children.
2. Planning work on moral and patriotic education.
3. Pedagogical projects: “Family”, “A day off with the family”, “Traditions of my family”, “My favorite kindergarten”, “Kindergarten, parents and I are a friendly family together”, “Week of games and toys”, “Where it begins” Motherland”, “My small Motherland - the village of Malinovsky”, “Beloved land”, “They must live”, “Beloved Russia”, “Moscow is the capital of Russia”, “Defenders of the Fatherland”, “We will serve the Motherland”, “Victory Day” , “Fun Astronomy”, “Me and Outer Space”, “New Year”, “Christmas Tree Decorations”, “Wide Maslenitsa”, “All kinds of mothers are needed, all kinds of mothers are important.”
4. Didactic games: cut-out pictures “Military equipment”, “Find the flag”; "Space", "Defenders of Russia".
5. Folders for viewing: “My family”, “Russian nesting doll”, “My favorite village of Malinovsky”, “Khanty-Mansiysk and its attractions”, “Moscow and its attractions”, “State symbols of Russia”, “Nature of our region”, “ The Finno-Ugric world in dolls and marmosets”, “Tales of the Ugric region”.
6. Role-playing games “My Family”, “Army”, “Space”, “Sailors”.
7. Summaries of direct educational activities “Our village”, “Day of Defenders of the Fatherland”, “Defenders of the Fatherland”, “Wild animals of our forests”, scenario of environmental entertainment “The Earth is our common home”.
8. Consultations for teachers “Moral and patriotic education of preschool children”, “Raising patriots”, “Features of patriotic education at the present stage”.
9. Parent meeting on the topic: “Cultivating love for one’s native village in kindergarten and at home.”
10. Visual and informational consultation for parents “The role of the family in instilling patriotic feelings in preschool children.”
11. Memo for parents on patriotic education of preschoolers.

Model of morally patriotic education of preschool children

Planning work on the moral and patriotic education of preschool children.

Contents of the work of pedagogical projects

Monitoring the moral and patriotic education of preschool children.

(M. Yu. Novitskaya, S. Yu. Afanasyeva, N. A. Vinogradova, N. V. Miklyaeva)

High level-
Knows his first name, last name, name of the city, country, his address; names and recognizes (from illustrations) sights, green areas of the city, 4-5 streets, squares; knows and recognizes the flag, coat of arms, anthem of Russia; city ​​coat of arms; names folk holidays, toys, household items; names the natural resources of Russia, knows the natural and climatic zones, landscapes; cares about the surrounding nature, loved ones, provides assistance, shows friendliness, takes into account the interests of comrades, knows how to come to an agreement with peers, and analyzes actions. Has an idea of ​​family members and immediate relatives.

Average level-
Knows his first name, last name, name of the country, city, his address; flag, coat of arms, anthem of Russia, coat of arms of the city; finds it difficult to name attractions, green areas, streets, squares of the city (does this after explanations from an adult); finds it difficult to name folk holidays and toys; with the help of an adult, names the natural resources of Russia, natural and climatic zones; cares about loved ones, shows friendliness, but does not take into account the interests of his comrades, does not know how to come to an agreement with them, does not provide assistance; analyzes actions with the help of an adult.

Low level-
Doesn't know the name of the country or city. His address, but recognizes the flag, coat of arms, anthem; lack of knowledge about the sights of your hometown; doesn't know street names well. Prospects; cannot name folk holidays, toys; natural resources of Russia, natural and climatic zones; does not care about those around him, does not show friendliness, does not take into account the interests of his comrades, does not know how to come to an agreement with them, does not provide assistance, and cannot analyze actions.