Analysis of the pension system in the USSR. When did they start paying pensions in the USSR? In the Russian Empire

Establish that the structure, number and cost estimate, including the wage fund, of the central and regional executive bodies and the Audit Commission of the USSR Pension Fund are approved by the Board of the Fund. 6. The USSR State Committee for Labor and Social Issues determines the terms of payment for workers of the USSR Pension Fund system. 7. Exempt the USSR Pension Fund from paying taxes on income received from commercial activities, as well as state and customs duties contributed to the union budget. 8. Ask the Moscow City Executive Committee to resolve the issue of allocating premises with an area of ​​1,500 square meters. meters to accommodate the services of the USSR Pension Fund. Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR N. RYZHKOV Deputy Chairman of the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions SV. SHCHERBAKOV Approved by the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions dated August 15, 1990 N 818 I. General provisions 1.

Pension provision for military personnel in the first years of Soviet power was regulated by the resolution of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR dated October 29, 1924 “On approval of the Code of Laws on Benefits and Advantages for military personnel of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army and the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Fleet of the USSR and members of their families.” Literally on the eve of the Great Patriotic War, on June 5, 1941, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR adopted a resolution “On pension provision for military personnel and members of their families,” which determined the size of the pension depending on wages and the causes of disability of military personnel. With the end of the NEP period and the beginning of collectivization in 1929, the standard of living of the working population fell rapidly.

In the pre-war period (before the start of the Great Patriotic War), the minimum standard of living for workers - in terms of the ratio of wages and the cost of the consumer basket - was recorded in 1940.

Pension in the USSR

In 1964, with the adoption of new pension legislation, the country committed itself to paying pensions to all citizens. Comparison of pension provision in the USSR and the Russian Federation The Russian pension system continues to change. So there are several innovations that have come into force since 2015.

Attention

Today, there are three types of pensions: Today, the retirement age for men is 60 years, women become pensioners five years earlier, however, as in the USSR. Pension in Russia is an insurance part and a funded one. The average payment to pensioners is just over 11 thousand rubles.

This is 40 percent of the salary. Social pension – 7500 rubles. Unlike Soviet times, today there is no such thing as a minimum pension. It is calculated based on the cost of living in each region.

There is also no maximum size.

Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions dated August 15, 1990 no. 818

Approve the attached Regulations on the USSR Pension Fund. 3. Establish that the management of the USSR Pension Fund is carried out by the Board of the USSR Pension Fund and its permanent executive body - the Executive Directorate. In order to democratize the management of the USSR Pension Fund, respect the interests of all union republics when resolving issues related to the implementation of the Fund’s tasks, establish that the Board of the USSR Pension Fund on a permanent basis includes the heads of republican (union republics) social security bodies and branches of the USSR Pension Fund , as well as representatives of the USSR State Committee for Labor and Social Issues, the USSR Ministry of Finance, the USSR State Bank, the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions and the Executive Director of the Fund.

I. payments to the USSR pension fund and registration

The Board of the USSR Pension Fund is convened as necessary, but at least once a quarter. It is competent to make decisions if at least two thirds of the members of the Management Board are present. Decisions are made by a simple majority of votes of the present members of the Management Board.
19. To ensure the executive and administrative functions of the Board of the USSR Pension Fund and the operational management of the system, a permanent Executive Directorate of the Fund is created by decision of the Board. The Regulations on the Executive Directorate are approved by the Board of the USSR Pension Fund. 20. The composition of the Audit Commission of the USSR Pension Fund is approved by the USSR State Committee for Labor and Social Issues, the USSR Ministry of Finance and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions.
The commission may include representatives of public organizations whose activities are related to protecting the interests of pensioners, disabled people and children.

Not found

Another achievement of workers under socialism was the relatively low retirement age - 55 years for women and 60 years for men. It has remained unchanged since the early 1930s, when surveys of workers on disability retirement showed that by age 55, most women and by age 60, most men were no longer able to continue working. Since then, the structure of industries, conditions and content of work have changed, and workers, according to medical examinations, began to lose their ability to work later.
But increasing the age limit was unprofitable: early retirement guaranteed a tolerant attitude of the population towards the amount of payments.

In the absence of insurance contributions from citizens' income, pensions were financed from public consumption funds. Sources of pension payments were formed from the state budget and deductions from the wage fund of enterprises (the deduction rate ranged from 4% to 12%, depending on the field of activity). Another distinctive feature of the Soviet pension system is the low retirement age: 60 years for men and 55 years for women.

This level has remained unchanged since the early 1930s, when it was established based on the results of a commission survey of men and women workers retiring due to disability. The findings of the commissions boiled down to the following conclusion: “By the age of 55, the majority of women and by the age of 60, the majority of men lose the opportunity to continue working.”

Geolike.ru

Moreover, it was possible to become a pensioner 5–10 years earlier: such benefits were provided for working in hazardous working conditions and in difficult climatic conditions, they were financed by the state and used as an important instrument of employment policy. Despite various bonuses and compensation for work in hazardous conditions and in the Far North, the level of pension provision in the USSR remained low, even in comparison with other socialist countries. The legislation did not establish a procedure for indexing pension payments in the event of an increase in the cost of living or rapid growth of wages.

The mechanism for changing the maximum and minimum pensions was not prescribed either. The size of the pension was set for a person once and did not change, no matter how the salary grew or the cost of living increased.

Pension in the USSR. We are calm about our tomorrow!

Depending on the wishes of the person retiring, when assigning him a pension, the average salary for the last 12 months of work or for any 5 consecutive years of the last 10 years before applying for a pension was taken into account. The total amount of salary received over the entire working life did not affect the size of the pension, and additional work experience had an insignificant effect. At the same time, in the Soviet pension system there were minimum and maximum pension amounts, which often led to the so-called “equalization”.

Expenses for paying pensions in the Soviet pension system were made partly from insurance contributions, which enterprises were obligated to pay to the budget, and partly from other budget revenues. With such an organization of financing the Pension system, there was no need to create a state Pension Fund as a separate financial institution.

Pension fund in the USSR

Ask a question Pension provision in the USSR July 14, 1956 is the day when pensions appeared in the USSR. Then the corresponding law was adopted. According to it, men could count on pensions from the age of 60, with at least 25 years of experience, women - at 55 years, and they had to work for the benefit of the state for at least 20 years. Moreover, if a person worked in difficult conditions, for example in the Far North, or performed work that was significant to society - a teacher, a doctor - it was possible to retire earlier.

The size of pensions depended on wages. In cities, pensioners received an average of 70 to 120 rubles. The minimum pension in the USSR was 35 rubles. This is the so-called social pension, which was intended for people who did not work, or those who did not receive the required length of service.

July 14, 1956 is the day when pensions appeared in the USSR. Then the corresponding law was adopted. According to it, men could count on pensions from the age of 60, with at least 25 years of experience, women - at 55 years, and they had to work for the benefit of the state for at least 20 years. Moreover, if a person worked in difficult conditions, for example in the Far North, or performed work that was significant to society - a teacher, a doctor - it was possible to retire earlier. The size of pensions depended on wages. In cities, pensioners received an average of 70 to 120 rubles.

The minimum pension in the USSR was 35 rubles. This is the so-called social pension, which was intended for people who did not work, or those who did not receive the required length of service.

The pension was calculated based on either the average salary that a person received a year before entering a well-deserved retirement, or, at his choice, for any five-year period out of ten years of continuous work. For additional length of service, bonuses were awarded: for 35 years of experience for men, and 30 years for women, as well as for work without breaks for more than 15 years, 10 percent were due; for 25 years of work in the same place with a total work experience of 35 years an additional 20 percent was due.

The maximum old-age pension was no more than 120 rubles.

A feature of the Soviet pension payment system was that there was no centralized unified pension fund. Enterprises paid insurance contributions to the budget, and pensions were paid from these funds. A separate conversation is the collective farmer's pension. Collective farm artels, which had a special fund for such payments, were responsible for their provision. In 1964, with the adoption of new pension legislation, the country committed itself to paying pensions to all citizens.

The USSR made a significant contribution to the politics of modern Russia in many ways. It was during the existence of a superpower that comprehensive pension provision was created. This historically important law was issued on July 14, 1956.

To calculate the pension salary, 2 options were used:

1. At the request of the future pensioner, one of the five-year plans was selected, which was included in the ten years of continuous professional activity, and the average salary in it was calculated.
2. The basis was the salary a person received one year before reaching retirement age.
3. PENSION IN 1980
4. In 1980, the number of pensioners in the Soviet Union increased significantly. However, this did not prevent the state from paying their pensions on time at the same level, taking into account inflation, as before. The average pension salary in these years was 67 rubles.
5. PENSION SIZE IN 1985
6. In 1985, thanks to inflation and rising living standards, pensions in the USSR reached their peak, its average value was 72 rubles. At the same time, collective farmers received a significantly smaller amount than city residents. Their pension averaged 47 rubles.
7. AVERAGE PENSION
8. Over the entire period of the existence of the USSR, the size of the average pension provision has undergone significant changes. The reason for this was not only inflation, but also a significant increase in the standard of living among Soviet residents.

And, if in the early 1970s the average pension was only 34 rubles, then by 1986, this amount increased to 76 rubles. In general, the pension salary of those years is quite consistent with the amount of money received by modern pensioners.

MAXIMUM PENSION

In the USSR, the maximum pension was 120 rubles. City residents working in areas of mental work could count on it: engineers, doctors and teachers. Naturally, it was received by people who had worked full time.

Pension of people's deputies

In 1989, people's deputies were appointed as the highest authority and held congresses to discuss government issues. The last congress took place on September 5, 1991. It was on this day that the decision was made to dissolve the deputies. At the moment, the majority of people's deputies have retired due to old age and in the State Duma they raised the issue of increasing pension payments for this category of citizens. Today the number of “former” people’s deputies is only 285 people.

The Ministry of Labor and Social Protection proposes to set the pension amount at 200,000 rubles. The main reason for the draft law is the elimination of the provision on personal pensions for this category of citizens, according to which people's deputies and their families could receive a decent pension. Law on Pensions The main bill of the USSR, which regulated the issues of calculating pensions, is the law “On State Pensions” dated July 14, 1956. The law establishes such important points as: maximum retirement age; experience; average monthly pension, etc.

Many points of the bill are outdated, but the reform developed in 1956 allowed older people to receive a decent pension. At the same time, annual inflation was not taken into account, because prices for goods only grew every year. Therefore, adjustments were constantly made to the reform, and even at the moment the authorities are planning to radically change the pension system so that citizens can independently form their future pension.

Pensions in the USSR are most often written in two forms.

In rainbow: Each Soviet pensioner received 100-120 rubles per month.

In brown: Soviet pensioners lived on 10-15 rubles a month. It’s interesting that both rainbows and browns are right in their own way...

On a unified scale, the old-age pension on a general basis for workers and employees was calculated as follows (1980s):

Monthly earnings in rubles | In % of earnings | The smallest pension amount in rubles

Up to 50 rub. - 85% of earnings - 40 rubles.

From 50 to 60 rubles. — 75% of earnings — 42 rubles. 50 kopecks

From 60 to 80 rub. — 65% of earnings — 45 rubles.

From 80 to 100 rubles. — 55% to earnings — 52 rub.

From 100 and above - 50% of earnings - 55 rubles.

The size of the pension in the USSR depended on salary. A cleaning lady on a well-deserved rest received 70-80 rubles, a specialist - 120-150. Some old Bolshevik could receive a personal pension of Union value - 300 rubles. For people who, for some reason, did not work or did not have enough work experience, a social pension of 35 rubles was provided - the minimum pension in the USSR. The average pension in the USSR was thus approximately 100 rubles - the cost of half a ton of wheat bread or a men's three-piece suit made of pure wool.

Rural residents were assigned a pension 15% less than workers and employees. That is, the maximum pension for this category of citizens was 102 rubles, and the minimum was 34 rubles. At the same time, villagers had a certain advantage over workers and employees. The fact is that working rural pensioners received a full pension, regardless of the amount of their earnings. For workers and employees, this was more complicated - a working pensioner could not have a total income (pension + salary) above a certain amount. If the limit was exceeded, the pension was reduced by the amount of this very excess.

The old-age pension was established on a general basis when men reached 60 years of age, and women reached 55 years of age, with a total work experience of at least 25 and 20 years, respectively.

An old-age pension with incomplete work experience was assigned to workers and employees if the following conditions were met:

1. reaching retirement age (see above) during working life,
2. if they have worked for a total of at least five years,
3. have worked for at least three years immediately before retirement,
4. applied for a pension no later than one month from the date of termination of work. Please note that no supplements were accrued to this pension.

Supplements were also provided to the standard pension (this did not apply to pensioners with incomplete work experience).

Supplement 1: For continuous work experience (more than 15 years) - 10%.

Supplement 2: For long work experience (over 35 years for men and over 30 years for women) - 10% Both bonuses could not be accrued at the same time. Either the first or the second.

Supplement 3: For long continuous service at one enterprise (25 years) with long total experience (35 years) - 20%. This bonus could not be accrued with other bonuses.

The word “pension” is one of the most popular in the modern world. In almost all countries, every person can count on state support in their declining years. However, this was not always the case. By the way, the modern retirement age in Russia was established in 1932. The history of pensions in our country is quite interesting.

PENSIONS IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE. NO AGE REQUIREMENT

According to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, pensions in Russia began to be introduced gradually back in the 17th century by Peter I, and detailed pension legislation was adopted under Nicholas I. Military personnel and their widows, as well as high-ranking officials, were the first to benefit from state support.

Subsequently, the pension system in Russia steadily expanded to include large categories of people who are today called “public sector employees.” The right to pensions was given to lower-ranking employees who did not have ranks, teachers of state educational institutions, medical staff of state hospitals, engineers and foremen, and since 1913, workers of state enterprises and railways. True, the villagers could only count on their savings and the help of their relatives.

By 1914, officials of all classes, clerical workers, officers, customs officers, gendarmes, school teachers, university professors, scientists and engineers of all state-owned factories, doctors, medical staff of all state-owned hospitals, workers of state-owned factories and railways had the right to a long-service pension.

A pension in the amount of full salary was awarded to those who worked in one place for 35 years. Those who worked in one place for at least 25 years received a pension of 50% of their salary.

At the same time, there was no age limit when a person could retire in the Russian Empire.

People knew that after working for 20 to 30 years, you can count on a pension of up to 2/3 of your salary, and with 10-20 years of experience - up to 1/3 of your salary.

The amount of the pension was not subject to appeal. If a pensioner died, then his family (widow, minor children) continued to receive a pension.

DUEL – A SPECIAL CASE

The only exceptions were those cases when a man died in a duel - in this case the widow was deprived of financial support.

Also, pensions were paid only to those who were not found to have done anything wrong, that is, were not involved, were not fired under the article. Those who stumbled were deprived of their pension and could submit a petition to the sovereign or try to re-earn their pensionable service in another place through unblemished service. Pensions were also deprived of those who took monastic vows or left Russia forever.

THERE WERE ALMOST NO PENSIONS AFTER THE 1917 REVOLUTION

After the formation of the USSR, all royal pensions were abolished in one fell swoop. The majority of Soviet workers did not receive old-age pensions for a long time - they were provided only for a small part of the population.

Thus, in August 1918, pensions were introduced for disabled people of the Red Army, in 1923 - for Old Bolsheviks, in 1928 - for workers in the mining and textile industries.

Only in 1930 was the “Regulation on pensions and social insurance benefits” adopted in Soviet Russia, and from 1937 pensions began to be paid to all city workers and employees.

1937: SCHOLARSHIP MORE THAN PENSION

Until 1956, the size of pensions in the USSR was meager: participants in the Civil War, soldiers of the Red Army who became disabled, were entitled to 25 rubles. — 45 rub. (second disability group) and 65 rubles. (first group).

Pensions were also paid to disabled family members of such disabled people (from 15 to 45 rubles). If we consider that in 1937 the student scholarship was 130 rubles, then people who fought and became disabled were paid mere crumbs.

In 1926-1927, the average age of men in the USSR was 40.23 years, women - 45.61 years.

And in 1932, the retirement age for old age was legally established: 55 years for women and 60 for men.

This law is still used today, almost 85 years later, although now (2017 data) life expectancy in Russia for men is 67.5 years, for women - 77.4 years.

The maximum pension is 300 rubles. in the early 50s of the 20th century was no more than 25% of the average salary (1200 rubles). Despite the rise in prices and wages in the country, this maximum remained unchanged. Considering that most pensioners received 40-60 rubles, it was absolutely impossible to live on that kind of money without the support of relatives.

1956: STATE PENSIONS ACT

The pension system in the USSR was finally established only in 1956, together with the adoption of the law “On State Pensions”, i.e. under the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev, a pension reform was carried out, and the average size of old-age pensions was increased by more than two times, and for disability - by one and a half times.

Nikita Khrushchev is usually given credit for “giving pensions to collective farmers.” In fact, all collective farmers were given the same pension of 12 rubles a month, which was approximately equal to the cost of four kilograms of doctor’s sausage.

In 1973, pension payments were increased to 20 rubles, and in 1987 to 50 rubles. Collective farms were allowed to pay pension supplements to their pensioners, i.e. collective farmers were obliged to create funds that were supposed to help pensioners monthly - with money, food or workdays. The retirement age and length of service required to receive a pension were set by the members of the agricultural association themselves.

Against this background, the pension system of Tsarist Russia looks simply luxurious.

GRANDCHILDREN REMEMBER

And at the end of my story I want to offer you memories of the life of USSR pensioners.

Tatyana Rubanova:

— Towards the end of the 60s, I was 4-5 years old, I remember from a conversation between adults. My grandmother, who worked on a collective farm all her life, survived the war, the occupation (the Kursk Bulge just passed through their village), began to receive a pension in the amount of 12 rubles. And they lived mainly on what they grew in their garden.

Galina Vrublevskaya:

— The issue of pensions was discussed in our family when it was assigned to my grandmother in 1957. She was 59 years old at that time, and she had not received any pension before, because, as I understood, she had a long break without work. She stopped working in 1942, when she was evacuated from Leningrad along with her husband (my grandfather) and his factory.

However, her overall work experience was long, because she worked “as an apprentice” for the owner in a furrier’s workshop from the age of 10, and later, in Soviet times, in a fur factory. Her pension was about 30 rubles (this is already in 1961 prices).

Sergey Aleksandrovich:

— Grandmother worked very little, but lived in the city. She had four children. She received, it seems, 25 rubles - in the early 1960s. My grandmother bought 150 g of doctor’s sausage “from retirement,” asked her to cut it, and she and I (I was about 7 years old) ate the sausage right outside the store. It was so delicious that you couldn't imagine anything better.

And today it’s up to you and me to decide: to expect tender care for us from the state or to decide for ourselves how to live.

Review prepared by Marina Vyazemskaya / “New Pensioner”

Post Views: 55,127

When you are young and your health is in full swing, you don’t think about the fact that the time will come when production activities will be beyond your capabilities. In adulthood, the question of maintenance after finishing work becomes relevant.

Pensions first appeared during the time of Julius Caesar - this was the name for the maintenance paid to military veterans. In Tsarist Russia such benefits also existed. Starting with Peter I, the categories of citizens who had pensions expanded. By the revolution, the right to receive state benefits based on length of service was enjoyed by military personnel, gendarmes, teachers, doctors, engineers, officials, and workers of state-owned factories. When assigning benefits, only continuous work experience was taken into account. Age didn't matter.

At the dawn of the formation of Soviet power, there was no talk about pensions. Only in 1918 did maintenance for army invalids appear. Historically, pensions in the USSR, as in other countries, began with the military class.

Pension reform in the USSR

When did they start paying pensions in the USSR? Security for certain categories of citizens was introduced gradually. First the military, then, in 1923, the honored Bolsheviks. Further, pensions in the USSR began to be provided for those working in mines and those engaged in weaving (1928). In 1937, city workers and employees began to receive benefits.

In 1956, as a result of the pension reform carried out by Nikita Khrushchev, all citizens of the Soviet state received the right to benefits. Based on this law, the rules of payments for senior citizens were streamlined:

• a certain retirement age was established for retirement in the USSR;
• the rules by which the amount of the pension was calculated were determined;
• the procedure for paying pensions on preferential terms was approved.

Financial support was provided from the budget. Enterprises paid contributions for their employees from 4 to 12%.

Age criteria

The age of end of working ability was established based on the conclusion of doctors that the health of women at 55, and men at 60 years old, does not allow them to work productively. At the same time, certain categories of citizens were identified who were granted the right to early receipt of pensions.

1. Working in the Far North of the country , and similar areas. If they had 20 years of experience, they could go on vacation 5 years earlier.
2. Workers of enterprises with difficult working conditions (miners, textile industry, steel mills, etc.)
3. Medical workers and teachers by length of service.
4. Parents or guardians of a disabled child. Mothers of many children.
5. Military and police officers by length of service.

Principles for calculating pensions

Pensions in the Soviet Union were calculated depending on the average salary. At the request of citizens, the last year of work or any five years of previous experience could be taken into account.

The average salary was taken into account before payment of income tax and other deductions. Additionally, there were bonuses for continuous work experience:

• For continuous work at one enterprise for 15 years - 10%.
• For a total work experience of 35 years for men and 30 women – 10%.
• For continuous work in one place for 25 years with a total length of service of 35 – 20%.

For those who had not completed their work experience, a minimum benefit of 34 rubles was assigned. The maximum, subject to high wages and long experience, was 132 rubles.

The average pension in the USSR was around 70 rubles.

Special categories

Personal pensions

Privileged content has been assigned since 1923. The gradation was as follows - all-Union, republican and local levels. This caste included scientists, party nomenklatura, and those with the title of Hero. All-Union personal pensions amounted to 250 rubles. The republican and local numbers were smaller – 160 and 140, respectively.

There were departmental allowances for support. For academic titles, an addition was made not only to the salary, but also to the pension in the amount of 500 rubles.

Military

They have always been the most preferential category. Not only the age of retirement, but also the monetary content of military pensioners differed. Officers were paid about 250 rubles, senior officials - 300 and above.

Agricultural workers

Until 1964, peasants received nothing from the state; collective farmers had to be provided by state farms and artels. Mutual aid funds with personal contributions and special funds were created. Only war veterans were entitled to additional benefits from the budget. After 1964, agricultural workers entered the category of persons receiving support from the state. However, the dimensions were significantly lower. The average amount in 1965 was 12.5 rubles, and only in the eighties it approached the mark of 70. At the same time, collective farm payments were not abolished, so peasants could receive a pension from two sources, provided that the farm was rich.

Disabled people

The disability pension was calculated depending on the categories:

• injury at work or occupational disease – 110% for group I, 100% for group II, 65% for group III;
• general disease – group I 100%, group II – 90%, III – 45;
• for conscripts - group I in the amount of 90 rubles, group II - 70, III - 40;
• students - group I - 75 rubles, group II - 50, group III - 30.

The maximum allowance for disability was 120 rubles for the first group and 60 rubles for the third.

Elite

In the Soviet Union, they were officially called “servants of the people”; in fact, it was a bureaucratic apparatus called “nomenklatura”. Being included in the list of party apparatus employees automatically entailed receiving various benefits and privileges. The elite could travel abroad, were provided with special goods, living conditions differed from those available to mere mortals, owned summer cottages, and used cars with a personal driver.

The government of the USSR did not deprive the nomenclature that had retired from power. Cars with a personal driver and dachas were left for use, pensions differed significantly - members of the Politburo received 500 rubles, candidates - 400, secretaries of the Central Committee - 300 rubles.

Pension provision in the USSR

July 14, 1956 is the day when did pensions appear in the USSR?. Then the corresponding law was adopted. According to it, men could count on pensions from the age of 60, with at least 25 years of experience, women - at 55 years old, and they had to work for the benefit of the state for at least 20 years. Moreover, if a person worked in difficult conditions, for example in the Far North, or performed work that was significant to society - a teacher, a doctor - it was possible to retire earlier. The size of pensions depended on wages. In cities, pensioners received an average of 70 to 120 rubles. Minimum pension in the USSR was 35 rubles. This is the so-called social pension, which was intended for people who did not work, or those who did not receive the required length of service. Pension calculation was made from taking into account either the average salary that a person received a year before entering a well-deserved retirement, or, at his choice, for any five-year period out of ten years of continuous work. For additional length of service, bonuses were awarded: for 35 years of experience for men, and 30 years for women, as well as for work without breaks for more than 15 years, 10 percent were due; for 25 years of work in the same place with a total work experience of 35 years an additional 20 percent was due. Maximum pension old age was no more than 120 rubles. A feature of the Soviet pension payment system was that there was no centralized unified pension fund. Enterprises paid insurance contributions to the budget, and pensions were paid from these funds. Separate conversation - collective farmer's pension. Collective farm artels, which had a special fund for such payments, were responsible for their provision. In 1964, with the adoption of new pension legislation, the country committed itself to paying pensions to all citizens.

Comparison of pensions in the USSR and the Russian Federation